• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.87-122
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• 1993

One part of a form can be described locally(itself as a whole)and globally(as a part of the whole). How each of the two (double)descriptions is processed and what relationships the one has with the other are among important questions of perception.Previous studies had been on whether global processing progresses faster or slower than local processing.This study,however,focused on charateristics of the two processings.The task was that subjects identify global or local name of a compound stimulus briefly exposured.Repetition effects were meansured under three displaying conditions with two types of stimulus set.The result pattern shows that global/local processing is a dynamic phenomenon with its own properties and variability on conditions as well.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Globally, the interest of renewable energy has become an upsurge. Especially, the solar industry is the one which is getting rapid growth rate. Many of researchers have been undertaking to improve the efficiency of solar cell to accomplish grid parity. The most of research has been concentrated on two methods, one on the selective emitter and the other is on LBSF (Local Back Surface Field) formation. Laser patterning will be needed to eliminate the thin film to form selective emitter and LBSF of solar cell. This paper reports some experimental results in laser patterning process for high-efficiency crystalline solar cell manufacturing. The experimental results indicate that the patterning quality depends on the average power and repetition rate of laser. The experimental results prove that the laser patterning process is an advantageous method to improve the efficiency of solar cell.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

A high speed laser texturing method that relies on laser scanner conditions, to form pattern shapes with micro-narrow surface detail such as dotted line features is demonstrated and analyzed. For example, this method may be used to piston ring and gear part for automotive. Data on friction characteristics of two laser patterns employed for STD61 steel will be shown. Comparison of pattern depths obtained by repetition overlapping process with laser scanner to the results on friction coefficient will be provide. It will be shown that friction characteristic in dotted line patterns can significantly depend upon interaction with the lubrication and laser pattern conditions. Laser pattern processing into a shallow depth provides only slight improvement in friction, while work into a deep shape indicates a significant improvement.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.1-13
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• 2004

A scanning stereo-PIV system was developed to measure the three-dimensional distribution of three-component velocity in a turbulent round jet. A laser light beam produced by a high repetition rate YLF pulse laser was expanded vertically by a cylindrical lens to form a laser light sheet. The light sheet is scanned in a direction normal to the sheet by a flat mirror mounted on an optical scanner, which is controlled by a programmable scanner controller. Two high-speed mega-pixel resolution C-MOS cameras captured the particle images illuminated by the light sheet, and stereoscopic PIV method was adopted to acquire the 3D-3C-velocity distribution of turbulent round jet in an octagonal tank filled with water. The jet Reynolds number was set at Re=1000 and the streamwise location of the measurement was fixed at approximately x = 40D. Time evolution of three-dimensional vortical structure, which is identified by vorticity, is visualized. It revealed that the existence of a group of hairpin-like vortex structures was quite evident around the rim of the shear layer of the jet. Turbulence statistics shows good agreement with the previous data, and divergence of a filtered (unfiltered) velocity vector field was $7\%\;(22\%)$ of root-me an-squared vorticity value.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2008

Material degradation such as high temperature oxidation of metallic material is a severe problem in energy generation systems or manufacturing industries. The metallic materials are oxidized to form oxide films in high temperature environments. The oxide films act as diffusion barriers of oxygen and metal ions and thereafter decrease oxidation rates of metals. The metal oxidation is, however, accelerated by mechanical fracture and spalling of the oxide films caused by thermal stresses by repetition of temperature change, vibration and by the impact of solid particles. It is therefore very important to investigate mechanical properties and adhesion of oxide films in high temperature environments, as well as the properties in a room temperature environment. The oxidation tests were conducted for Ni and Ni-Co alloy under high temperature corrosive environments. The hardness distributions against the indentation depth from the top surface were examined at room temperature. Dynamic indentation tests were performed on Ni oxide films formed on Ni surfaces at room and high temperature to observe fractures or cracks generated around impact craters. As a result, it was found that the mechanical property as hardness of the oxide films were different between Ni and Ni-Co alloy, and between room and high temperatures, and that the adhesion of Ni oxide films was relatively stronger than that of Co oxide films.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2016

The morphology, crystal structure and size of aerosol nanoparticles generated by erosion of electrodes made of different materials (titanium, copper and aluminum) in a multi-spark discharge generator were investigated. The aerosol nanoparticle synthesis was carried out in air atmosphere at a capacitor stored energy of 6 J, a repetition rate of discharge of 0.5 Hz and a gas flow velocity of 5.4 m/s. The aerosol nanoparticles were generated in the form of oxides and had various morphologies: agglomerates of primary particles of $TiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ or aggregates of primary particles of $Cu_2O$. The average size of the primary nanoparticles ranged between 6.3 and 7.4 nm for the three substances studied. The average size of the agglomerates and aggregates varied in a wide interval from 24.6 nm for $Cu_2O$ to 46.1 nm for $Al_2O_3$.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2013

Post-modern society leads us to accept diversity and variability instead of pursuit of the absolute truth, beauty or classical value systems, thus leading to hybrid phenomena. The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics and expressive effects of hybrid expressions through which to provide conceptual bases for interpreting expanded meanings of fashion illustrations that express aesthetic concepts of hybrid culture. Hybrid refers to a condition on which diverse elements are mixed with each other, so any one element can not dominate others. It is often used to create something unique and new by a combination of unprecedented things. Hybrid can be classified into four categories: temporal hybrid, spatial hybrid, morphological hybrid and hybrid of different genres. Temporal hybrid from a combination of past and present in fashion illustration includes temporal blending by repetition and juxtaposition. Spatial hybrid shows itself in the form of inter-penetration and interrelationship by means of projection, overlapping, juxtaposition and multiple space. Morphological hybrid expresses itself through combination of heterogenous forms and restructuring of deformed forms. Hybrid of different genres in fashion illustration applies various graphic elements or photos within the space, and represents blending of arts and daily living. Such hybrid expressions in fashion illustrations reflect the phenomena of diversity and variability of post-modern society. Hybrid expressions in fashion illustrations predict endless possibility of expressing new images through combining various forms or casual elements and can develop toward a new creative technique.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.12
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• pp.1815-1820
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• 2017

In this paper, a study was conducted to estimate the maximum muscle strength which is a standard for selecting exercise intensity in weight training. We designed a device that estimates the muscle fatigue from the EMG signal, expecting to show a correlation between peak muscle strength and fatigue. Curl - Dumbbell was performed using a 4 kg dumbbell and the frequency change of the EMG was observed. At this time, the designed device acquires the signal using the MCU and finally Matlab was used to confirm the change in the center frequency value. The results of 10 subjects were analyzed using SPSS regression analysis. The statistical results showed a correlation of $R^2$ 0.583 and Significant probability of 0.010, and the relation of Y = 8.144-2.097 (slope (MDF)) was obtained. In conclusion, if the wearable device is manufactured in the form of a wearable device and the user can recommend the exercise intensity, the system will be able to retry the more efficient exercise.

• BioChip Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.280-286
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• 2018

Hydrogel scaffolds composed of multiple components are promising platform in tissue engineering as a transplantation materials or artificial organs. Here, we present a new fabrication method for implementing multi-layered macroscopic hydrogel scaffold composed of multiple components by controlling height of hydrogel layer through precise control of ultraviolet (UV) energy density. Through the repetition of the photolithography process with energy control, we can form several layers of hydrogel with different height. We characterized UV energy-dependent profiles with single-layered PEGDA posts photocrosslinked by the modular methodology and examined the optical effect on the fabrication of multi-layered, macroscopic hydrogel structure. Finally, we successfully demonstrated the potential applicability of our approach by fabricating various macroscopic hydrogel constructs composed of multiple hydrogel layers.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.3-23
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• 2010

This essay questions and attempts to answer why and how Shakespeare set his plays in time and space other than his own England. Bakhtin's concept of chronotope as integrated time-space offers a model of establishing "a historical poetics." Shakespeare's chronotope has been either negated as mere names for transcendental ideas by universalists, or reduced to a "cover" for contemporary England by historicists. Refuting such either/or approach, this essay claims chronotopic dynamics of both/and as Shakespeare's intentional poetics of ambiguity. While Shakespeare clearly wants to build fictional chronotope distant from reality and does so through verbal repetition, character names, alternation of locales and speaking directly to the audience, he also brings in reality through the figure of clowns and the theatrical space of platea. Anachronism and topological errors ensuing from chronotopic collision register desire to produce multiple meanings. Shaped by historical forces such as Renaissance poetics, education, censorship and new geography, chronotopic form itself is a witness of historicity as much as the coded ideological messages New Historicists industriously delve out. Shakespeare's chronotopic dynamism offers the space for dialogue and appropriation to modern readers, a practice no less worthwhile than history lesson.