• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.66-76
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop a case review form for detecting adverse events through a medical records review in hospitalized patients in South Korea. Methods: To develop the case review form, several literatures were reviewed, first. Through the clinical expert meeting, screening criteria were selected and case review form was developed. Result: The Korean version of case review form consisted of the review form-1 for adverse event screening and form-2 for adverse event identification. The applied methodology for the case review form is determined according to the previous studies. For example, the method used in the first stage review is nurse review. Furthermore, the National Coordinating Council for Medication Errors Reporting and Prevention index is used to categorize disability, and a scale of 1 to 6 was used in the causation scores and preventability scores, respectively. Through the clinical expert meeting, a total of 41 screening criteria were selected. Conclusion: The Korean specific case review form was developed for detecting adverse events in hospitalized patients. The results from this study can be used in a large-scale study regarding the nationwide incidence of adverse events.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.381-384
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• 2000

It is well recognized that physicochemical properties of drugs are affected by the type of polymorphic crystalline form of drugs. Clarithromycin is known to exist in at least three polymorphic crystalline forms. Since conventional means to obtain the most thermodynamically stable form (Form II) for the antibiotics is known to be associated with a low purity of the stable form, we developed a novel method to improve the purity of the crystalline form by a modification of the preparation process. The new method involved a simple recrystallization of clarithromycin in solvents having 5-12 carbon atoms (e.g., hexane and heptane) or ethers with 4-10 carbon atoms (e.g., isopropyl ether) and, thus, less likely to be associated with the problem in purity of resulting crystal. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction were used to compare the crystalline form of the resultant powder with Form IIcrystal prepared by the conventional method. The crystal prepared by the new method was identical to Form IIcrystal of the conventional method as evidenced by the lack of the exothermic peak near 11$0^{\circ}C$ in differential calorimetry scan, indicating that Form IIcrystal could be readily prepared by the new process. Therefore, these data indicated that the improvement in the purity of the Form IIcrystal for clarithromycin as well as a significant cost reduction is likely by the novel method.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.507-521
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• 2014

A phase variation has been reported in an entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila. Compared with a wild-type primary form, a secondary form usually loses several physiological and biochemical characters. This study showed that the phase variation of X. nematophila caused a significant alteration in its immunosuppressive activity and subsequent entomopathogenicity. A secondary form of X. nematophila was detected in laboratory colonies and exhibited significant differences in dye absorption and entomopathogenicity. In addition, the secondary form was different in its production of eicosanoid-biosynthesis inhibitors (EBIs) compared with the primary form of X. nematophila. Production of oxindole and p-hydroxypropionic acid was significantly reduced in the culture broth of the secondary form of X. nematophila. The reduced EBI production resulted in significant suppression in the inhibitory effects on cellular nodule formation and phenoloxidase activity. Culture broth of the primary form of X. nematophila enhanced the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt) significantly more than the culture broth of the secondary form. Furthermore, this study developed a highly efficient "Dual Bt-Plus: to control both lepidopteran insect pests Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera exigua, by mixing two effective Bt strains along with the addition of potent bacterial metabolites or 100-fold concentrated X. nematophila culture broth.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.417-425
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• 2018

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the bending of Euler-Bernouilli nano-beams made of bi-directional functionally graded materials (BDFGMs) using Eringen's non-local elasticity theory in the integral form with compare the differential form. To the best of the researchers' knowledge, in the literature, there is no study carried out into integral form of Eringen's non-local elasticity theory for bending analysis of BDFGM Euler-Bernoulli nano-beams with arbitrary functions. Material properties of nano-beam are assumed to change along the thickness and length directions according to arbitrary function. The approximate analytical solutions to the bending analysis of the BDFG nano-beam are derived by using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The differential form of Eringen's non-local elasticity theory reveals with increasing size effect parameter, the flexibility of the nano-beam decreases, that this is unreasonable. This problem has been resolved in the integral form of the Eringen's model. For all boundary conditions, it is clearly seen that the integral form of Eringen's model predicts the softening effect of the non-local parameter as expected. Finally, the effects of changes of some important parameters such as material length scale, BDFG index on the values of deflection of nano-beam are studied.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2013

Cleft lip arises from congenital underdevelopment with various degrees and patterns. Mulliken named a unilateral incomplete cleft lip with no severe cleft as a lesser-form cleft lip and categorized it into three subgroups. Anatomically categorized subgroups are minor-form, microform, and mini-microform cleft by the extent of vermilion-cutaneous dysjuntion. The vermillion cutaneous notch is more than 3 mm from the regular Cupid's bow peak for minor-form, less than 3 mm for microform, and almost no gap with discontinuity on the vermillion cutaneous border for mini-microform. The treatments are rotational advancement flap for minor-form, double unillimb Z-plasty for microform, and vertical lenticular excision for mini-microform, respectively. This article aims to present the literature review about the incomplete lesser form cleft lip classified by Mulliken and to report our experiences.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.1569-1578
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• 2015

We study helicoidal surfaces with the non-degenerate third fundamental form in Minkowski 3-space. In particular, we mainly focus on the study of helicoidal surfaces with light-like axis in Minkowski 3-space. As a result, we classify helicoidal surfaces satisfying an equation in terms of the position vector field and the Laplace operator with respect to the third fundamental form on the surface.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.387-397
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• 2018

In this paper, a general closed-form solution for evaluating the dynamic behavior of a Timoshenko beam on elastic foundation under a moving harmonic line load is formulated in the frequency-wavenumber domain and in a moving coordinate system. It is found that the characteristic equation is quartic with real coefficients only, and its poles can be presented explicitly. This enables the substitution of these poles into Cauchy's residue theorem, leading to the general closed-form solution. The solution can be reduced to seven existing closed-form solutions to different sub-problems and a new closed-form solution to the subproblem of a Timoshenko beam on an elastic foundation subjected to a moving quasi-static line load. Two examples are included to verify the solution.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2014

The gang-form widely used in apartment construction sites has advantages compared to scaffolding in preventing falling accidents. One problem, however, is that safety accidents associated with gang-form works repeatedly occur due to worker carelessness. In this study, hierarchical checking tables are provided to support safety management activities for the gang-form works at the sites. Through a survey of experts and analyses of case studies of construction accidents, 137 safety check items are classified by participant type based on a hierarchical safety check scheme. The applicability and effectiveness of the hierarchical checking tables was evaluated through interviews with experts. It was found that the hierarchical checking tables enabled each gang-form related participant to check his own safety management items, and provided a level-wise structure to site safety management systems.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.506-515
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• 2005

Novel ships are commonly required iterative hull form modifications until she get reputation for new marine environment. Small FRP boats are manufactured in a identical shape with a mould. It implies that every modification step requires great time and expense which makes it difficult to improve the hull form promptly. Domestic hull form of small fishing boat of force has been evolved from the traditional hull form of developable shape. Utilizing this typical developable characteristics of small boats, ,New mouldless production method for FRP boat has been suggested and it is confirmed that the method is recommendable for a petty order of hull in evolving period of hull form development.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2002

Three polymorphic modifications of CKD-602, water soluble derivative of camptothecin, were obtained by the recrystallization from different organic solvents and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The major endothermic peaks of the DSC curve of Form 1, Form 2 and Form 3 was shown at $268.71^{\circ}C$, $247.83^{\circ}C$, $244.76^{\circ}C$, respectively. Form 2 was elucidated to be an acetic acid solvate and Form 3 was elucidated to be a methanol solvate. The dissolution patterns of these three modifications were also checked in distilled water at $37{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, for 30 minutes. The polymorphic modifications showed differences in the dissolution rate. The dissolution rate of Form 1 was faster than that of other polymorphic modifications. When stored at different relative humidity over the period of 3 months, all of the polymorphic modifications did not undergo transformation.