• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.117-131
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of adolescent self-conscious emotion, empathy, forgiveness and prosocial behavior across gender and grade, to analyze the difference between the correlations among prosocial behavior and other variables across gender and grade, and to investigate the effects of adolescent self-conscious emotion, empathy, forgiveness on prosocial behavior in each gender and grade group. The subjects were 272 adolescents who were recruited by purposive sampling in the Chungbuk area. The results indicated that the empathy of girls was higher than that of boys. Boys showed a stronger correlation between prosocial behavior and guilt than girls. Next, boys' prosocial behavior was predicted by cognitive empathy, guilt, and pride, whereas girls' prosocial behavior was predicted by forgiveness toward others, pride, cognitive empathy and emotional empathy. Last, middle school students' prosocial behavior was predicted by pride and guilt, whereas that of high school students' was predicted by cognitive empathy, guilt, pride, and forgiveness toward others and the situation. In conclusion, self-conscious emotions, empathy, and forgiveness all predicted adolescent prosocial behavior but in different ways across gender and grade. It implies that adolescents need diverse educational programs according to their gender and grade, to promote their self-conscious emotions, moral emotions, and prosocial behavior.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.381-389
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• 2022

Studies examining the interplay between brand transgression and brand forgiveness is notably sparse especially in the context of Southeast Asian banking customers. The purpose of this research is to add to the existing literature by examining the impact of brand transgression, which is represented by negative past experience image incongruence, and corporate wrongdoing on brand forgiveness among Islamic banking customers in Malaysia. The increasing surge in interest in unfavorable brand relationships has sparked concerns about its impact on brand forgiveness. As a result, this theoretical argument, which lacks empirical proof, has to be statistically tested. The current study was conducted utilizing a non-probability purposive sampling technique among clients in the Klang Valley who had poor experiences with Islamic banking services. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and multiple regression on a total of 211 valid replies. The findings show that two elements of brand transgression, image inconsistency, and corporate wrongdoing, have a major impact on brand forgiveness. However, the other dimension namely negative past experience was found to be non-significant to brand forgiveness. Research implications and directions for future studies are also discussed in this paper.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.412-426
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to verify the structural relationship between covert narcissism, forgiveness, empathy, and marital satisfaction for Korean-American married couples and to discover the differences in covert narcissism, forgiveness, empathy, and marital satisfaction by gender and years married. Also this study aims to prove the mediating effects of forgiveness and empathy, and to examine the structural relationship differences across genders. For this purpose, a total of 248 married Korean Americans who live in South Carolina, Arizona and Texas were subjected for this research. The results of the study were as follows. First, covert narcissism showed a negative correlation with forgiveness, empathy and marital satisfaction. And there was a positive correlation between forgiveness, empathy and marital satisfaction. Second, the differences in forgiveness and marital satisfaction by gender and years married were significant. Third, as a result of the mediating effects test, empathy and forgiveness showed indirect influence between covert narcissism and marital satisfaction. Fourth, for married males the effects of covert narcissism on empathy, empathy on forgiveness, empathy on marital satisfaction were significant. For married females, the effects of covert narcissism on forgiveness, forgiveness on marital satisfaction were significant. Based on these results, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.52
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• pp.79-110
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• 2018

This purpose of this study was to address the issue of forgiving unforgivable crimes, inevitably raised in Paul Ricoeur's thoughts. He explores the possibility of righteous historical representation of tragic events in Western history. Being aware of injustices of amnesty indiscriminately extended by the government, he studied the process through in which a genuine pardon should unfold before granting amnesty. He believes that this process called the "odyssey of forgiveness" presupposes the process of "imputability," in which the perpetrator should acknowledge his/her wrongdoing as his/her act and take reasonable responsibilities for it in a modest position. However, such acknowledgement of wrongdoing cannot be any reason for the victim to necessarily grant forgiveness to the perpetrator. According to him, forgiveness is a gift and the power of love enabled by a complete forgiver only. The initiative of forgiveness is attributable to the forgiver only. To never relinquish tension between love and justice in the forgiving process, he devises a way of planning an equation of forgiveness in a vertical scheme. Finally, he explains the process of requesting and granting forgiveness in a form of a righteous historical representation against the oblivion of past tragic events. He contends that this event of forgiveness promises a new life and a new era to all seeking and granting forgiveness, and that write a righteous history in eschatological hope.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.402-412
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out the mediating effects of positive communication on the relationship between level of forgiveness and marital satisfaction of married men and women. For this purpose, a total of 300 married men and women were surveyed using the Rye forgiveness level, positive communication scale, and marital satisfaction scale. The collected data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. First, there was a correlation between the level of forgiveness of married men and women, positive communication, positive communication, marital satisfaction, forgiveness and marital satisfaction. Second, forgiveness of married men and women affects marital satisfaction through fully mediating effect of positive communication. This suggests that the higher the level of forgiveness of married men and women, the higher the positive communication and the higher the marital satisfaction. Based on these results, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.615-630
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• 2019

Purpose: Based on the theory of "Stimulus-Organism-Response" (S-O-R), this thesis takes customer forgiveness as a medium variable to explore the impact of merchant service remedy on customer behavior intention in the context of online shopping service failure. This thesis divides the merchant service remedy into two dimensions: spiritual recovery and material recovery, and reveals the influence difference of different merchant service remedy methods on customer behavior intention and the mediating role of customer forgiveness. Methods : 325 questionnaires were distributed and 307 valid questionnaires were collected for data analysis. The relationship between potential variables is proposed by using Structural Equations Modeling. Results : The two dimensions of service recovery have significant positive impact on customer forgiveness, and physical recovery has greater impact on customer forgiveness. In the influence of physical recovery on customer behavior intention, customer forgiveness is a partial mediating effect. However, in the influence of spiritual recovery on customer behavior intention, customer forgiveness is a complete mediating effect. Conclusion : In case of service faults, merchants should take the initiative to provide appropriate physical recovery and provide spiritual recovery sincerely and patiently. Only in this way can they regain good impression in the hearts of consumers and promote them to improve the quality of service recovery, so as to increase their willingness to repurchase Intention and positive word of mouth.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group forgiveness program for female elders who had deep and unfair personal hurt experiences from their social relationships. Subjects were divided into 2 groups. The sample was comprised of 20 elders, capable of verbal communication. Experimental and control groups composed of elders, each 2 elders dropped out of each group due to personal reasons. Experimental group completed a total of eight consecutive group forgiveness program sessions that combined listening and supportive techniques. Additionally, qualitative investigations were also done through interviews and observations. Following the intervention, experimental group experienced a significant improvement in degree of forgiveness(t=3.05, p<.01), anger(t=3.78, p<.01), anxiety(F=5.93, p<.05), depression(F=16.73, p<.01). Qualitative analysis also resulted that the elderly relationships were changing positively. This study implies that group forgiveness program was effective in improving elder's degree of forgiveness and reducing anger, anxiety and depression so that the participants were to value their whole life more.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-46
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• 2007

The Purpose of this study is to investigate and suggest a personality education approach for solving interpersonal problems of elementary school students that elementary school teachers are now confronted with. In this study, first of all, the actual conditions of interpersonal problems of elementary school students were examined focusing on interpersonal aggressions(violence and victim). The features and problems of existing approaches for solving interpersonal problems of elementary school students were indicated. Although existing approaches for solving interpersonal aggression problems took temporary and external changes, they failed to notice psychological hurts that victims and aggressive victims got. As a fundamental and systematic way for overcoming problems of existing approaches, forgiveness education based on empirical-scientific forgiveness researches was discussed. The Purpose of forgiveness education is to make victims(aggressive victims) overcome the negative responses derived from interpersonal conflict(hurts and victims) and to facilitate them to response positively through experiencing forgiveness psychological process. Lastly, necessary assignments and topics to use forgiveness education as an effective personality education approach were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.561-572
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand and analyze the experience of hurt and forgiveness of clinical nurses in Korea. Methods: A phenomenological research method guided data collection and analysis. The subjects were a total of 5 nurses who had experienced hurt and forgiveness. Data was collected through individual in-depth interviews. All interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Coding was used to establish different concepts and categories. Results: The following three common constituents have been found as a retrospective focus based on the primary hurt related to the clinical situation; recognizing their personal values, obtaining their view about forgiveness, as well as their view of self. Conclusion: The results of this study may contribute to health professionals working in various clinical settings to understand Korean nurses with hurt and forgiveness experiences.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.3-28
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• 2011

The present study empirically tested hypotheses delineated from a proposed model of trust-forgiveness-performance of business services, Empirical data was collected from 506 business service companies in Korea, Japan and China. The structural equation model analysis confirmed the significant effect of forgiveness on relational performance and trust on forgiveness, and also found there exist meaningful cross-national differences and similarities both in intensity and directionality of the relations.