• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2023

The efficacy of spinetoram sprayed from an unmanned helicopter to control two insect vectors of pine wood nematodes, Monochamus alternatus and M. saltuarius was assessed. By using a ULV (Ultra Low Volume) sprayer, the mortality rates of phenthoate, bifenthrin, etofenprox, and diflubenzuron, which are registered for use against coleopteran insects, indoxacarb and spinetoram, which are registered for use against lepidopteran insects, were evaluated for efficacy as aerial spraying agents. The ULV test, using 33- and 55-fold dilutions of phenthoate, bifenthrin, indoxacarb, and spinetoram demonstrated a 100% insect mortality rate upon contact and feeding mortality on the third day after treatment, while etofenprox and diflubenzuron exhibited a slightly lower mortality rate than the remaining compounds. Consequently, spinetoram was selected as a candidate pesticide for aerial spraying and its efficacy to control the insect vectors was assessed. The x 33 dilution of spinetoram resulted in a 98.6-100% control efficacy against two insect vectors. However, risk assessment for bees following aerial spraying will be necessary before applying the pesticide to control insect vectors.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.341-353
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• 2020

In accordance with the implementation of the Positive List System (PLS), the proper usage of pesticides is now being enforced. It is assumed that unregistered pesticides are being used on agroforestry products due to the low number of registered pesticides in the agricultural industry. In this study, pesticide and heavy metal residues were investigated in 13 types of products to determine the status of usage. The levels (%) of pesticides detected in Pimpinella beachscape, Platycodon grandiflorum, Codonopsis lancekolate, Artemisia dubia, Angelica gigas, Pyrus pyrifolia, and Punica granatum were 40.0, 20.0, 26.7, 13.3, 56.3, 57.1, 33.3, 26.7, 66.7, and 46.7%, respectively, while, those in Petridium aquilinum, Disoscorea batata and Senna tora were zero. Heavy metals (Pb, Cd) were detected only from P. grandisflorum and A. dubia. The pesticide usage and registration data by agroforestry product obtained in the study will be useful in the future for ensuring the safety of domestic agroforestry products.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2015

In order to identify the post-fire changes of ant assemblages after a forest fire, ants were surveyed at three survey sites (artificial reforestation site, natural reforestation site, and unburned forest site) in a burned forest area for eight years from 2005 using pitfall traps. 24 species were collected, and Nylanderia flavipes was the most abundant. Ant species preferring forest habitats (e.g. Aphaenogaster japonica. Lasius spathepus, and Plagiolepis flavescens) more occurred at the unburned forest site and the natural reforestation site, whereas ant species preferring open habitat (e.g., Formica japonica, Camponotus japonicus, and Tetramorium caespitum) more occurred at the artificial reforestation site. Ordination analysis indicated that ant communities of the artificial reforestation site were more changed compared with those of the natural reforestation site after the fire. The communities of the natural reforestation site were restored to the pre-fire state in five to six years after fire, whereas those of the artificial forest site seemed to take about 25 years to restore.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2018

There are few available studies for insect diversity in relation to coastal dune despite the unique landscape features and high conservation value. Therefore, this study compared ground beetle assemblages inhabiting between windbreak forests and sand dunes in the Taeanhaean National Park. It investigated five windbreak forests and three coastal dunes using pitfall traps from middle of June to middle of October in 2014. A total of 2,335 ground beetles belonging to 30 species of 15 genera were collected. Synuchus arcuarticollis (158 individuals) and Dolichus halensis halensis (153 individuals) were dominant of 25 specifies collected from sand dunes while Synuchus arcuarticollis (1,630 individuals), Synuchus nitidus (130 individuals), and Synuchus cycloderus (42 individuals) were dominant of 14 species collected from windbreak forests. The similarity of ground beetles compositions in sand dunes and windbreak forests was significantly low at 27.4%. The results of this study showed that sand dune geographical features found in the Taeanhaean National Park had different insect assemblages from windbreak forests. It will be the useful information for conservation of insects in the future.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

Forestry sector has witnessed some unprecedented events in the recent past both in terms of galloping biotechnological developments and heated environmental debates over risks associated with release of transgenic trees. Improvements in the in vitro propagation techniques has made it possible to develop tissue culture based plant regeneration protocols just for about any tree species. And with the inclusion of every new species within the realms of tissue culture technology, it becomes a candidate for genetic improvement through recombinant DNA technology, the so called genetic engineering. Poplars and their hybrids serve as the model tree species on which most of the genetic transformation work as been carried out. A lot of work has also gone in genetic transformation of fruit trees and trees of horticultural interests. Trees have been successfully transformed for traits ranging from reduction of length of juvenile phase to alteration of tree architecture to altering wood quality by lignin and cellulose modification. More-over trees have been genetically engineered successfully to combat various types of insect pests and pathogens causing diseases. But all these developments have ignited controversies over the possible benefits and risks associated with transgenic plantations by various environmental agencies and activists. Solutions to most of these concerns can be found out with more intensive prioritized research.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.299-301
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• 2008

Ecological Characteristic of Glyphodes perspectalis was investigated in laboratory and field condition. Larvae of Glyphodes perspectalis had 6 instars, and color of head and body was black and yellowish green, respectively. Larval periods were 24 days. Egg was flat and round. Color of egg was transparent at an early stage, and became milky later. Color of pupa was yellowish green and became dark brown later. Pupal periods were 10.5 days. Adult of Glyphodes perspectalis emerged twice a year. First emergency was from early June to late June, and second from middle August to early September.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.167-170
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• 2011

Pseudoips fagana Fabricius belongs to the subfamily Chloephorinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Eggs of Pseudoips fagana were white and oviposited on oak leaves. There were five P. fagana larval instars, which were light green in color with four white crosslines. The larval period was approx. 24.4 days ($25^{\circ}C$, 16L:8D). Pupae were covered with a light-green membrane and silk. The wingspan of adults was approx. 15 to 18 mm. The color of the forewings of both sexes was bright green. The color of the hindwings was yellow in males and and white in females. First emergence was from early May to late June, and the second emergence was from early July to late August. Pseudoips fagana over-wintered as pupae.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.250-255
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• 2018

Pine wilt disease, caused by the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is one of the most devastating conifer diseases decimating several species of pine trees on a global scale. Here, we report the draft genome of Raoultella ornithinolytica MG, which is isolated from mountain-cultivated ginseng plant as an bacterial endophyte and shows nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus. Our analysis of R. ornithinolytica MG genome showed that it possesses many genes encoding potential nematicidal factors in addition to some secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters that may contribute to the observed nematicidal activity of the strain. Furthermore, the genome was lacking key components of avermectin gene cluster, suggesting that nematicidal activity of the bacterium is not likely due to the famous anthelmintic agent of wide-spread use, avermectin. This genomic information of R. ornithinolytica will provide basis for identification and engineering of genes and their products toward control of pine wilt disease.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 1971

On June in 1970 the authors discovered a pathogenecity, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, of the Smithia virus in the larvae of Liparis dispay L. appeared on quercus forest in Chung-Neung district and had carried out a experiment to detect the pathogenecity of Smithia virus through the inoculation of it into the larvase, such as Liparis dispay L. Hyphantrea cunea DRURY, and Dendrolinus spectabilis BUTLER. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) Death rate of L.dispay and D.spectabilis treated by 10$^{6}$ /ml cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of Smithis virus were 88.0% and 85.5% respectively, when the larvaes of these insects are big enough. But there were none of pathogenecity in case of Hyphantrea cunea DRURY. 20 Dead larvae caused by the injection of Smithia virus had begum to find out about on 10 days after inoculation. Miximum death rate of L. didpay and D. spectabilis appeared on 20-25days nad on 25-30days, respectively, after the incoulation. 3) In the cytoplasm of Mid-gut cylindrical cells of both of these insects, polyhedrosis, such s hexagonal (0.5-2.0-6.0 micron) were found out and in these insects, polyhedrosis, such as hexaginal (0.5-2.0-6.0 mivton) were found out and in case of D.spectabilis were a few polyhedrosis, such as tetragonal, trianglar polyhedrosis. 4) Diluted concentration of `0$^{6}$ /ml cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of Smithia virus were spread out in the field conditions. The corrected mortality was confirmed as about 87.8%.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.408-420
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• 2019

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is an invaluable medicinal plant containing various bioactive metabolites (e.g., ginsenosides). Owing to its long cultivation period, ginseng is vulnerable to various biotic constraints. Biological control using endophytes is an important alternative to chemical control. Methods: In this study, endophytic Trichoderma citrinoviride PG87, isolated from mountain-cultivated ginseng, was evaluated for biocontrol activity against six major ginseng pathogens. T. citrinoviride exhibited antagonistic activity with mycoparasitism against all ginseng pathogens, with high endo-1,4-${\beta}$-D-glucanase activity. Results: T. citrinoviride inoculation significantly reduced the disease symptoms caused by Botrytis cinerea and Cylindrocarpon destructans and induced ginsenoside biosynthesis in ginseng plants. T. citrinoviride was formulated as dustable powder and granules. The formulated agents also exhibited significant biocontrol activity and induced ginsenosides production in the controlled environment and mountain area. Conclusion: Our results revealed that T. citrinoviride has great potential as a biological control agent and elicitor of ginsenoside production.