• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2020

Background: Angelica gigas Nakai, that belong to the Umbelliferae family, is one of the traditional medicinal plants in Korea. Its roots have been used to treat gynecological diseases. In this study, growth characteristics and index components were compared with the forest microclimate at several forest sites. Methods and Results: A. gigas was planted in three climatic zones according to the temperature (southern temperature zone - Hamyang, central temperature zone - Bonghwa, and northern temperature zone - Jeongseon) and growth characteristics were investigated in comparison with the forest microclimate. Our results indicated that the root diameter and length, and fresh and dry weight were the highest in Jeongseon. The total content of decursin was the highest in Jeongseon (9.52%), followed by those in Hamyang (8.07%) and Bonghwa (7.48%), respectively. Additionally, the yield of decursin (1.39 g) was the highest in Jeongseon. Conclusions: The yield and index components were influenced by the microclimate in the forests, and it was assumed that high altitude and low temperature affected the increase in growth and index components. These results will be useful as basic data to study the correlation among environmental conditions, growth, and index components.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.516-523
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• 2006

Marginal soils such as BRlS (Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales) soils and ex-tin mining land make up approximately 0.5 million ha or about 2% of Malaysia's land area. In the coastal areas of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia impoverished sandy BRIS dominates the landscape with most lying idle as there is no national management plan for their utilization. A field study was carried out to see whether mycorrhizal application had any effect on the growth of three exotic Acacia spp., i.e. Acacia auriculiformis, A. mangium and Acacia hybrid (A. auriculiformis ${\times}$ A. mangium) on BRIS soils. Two types of mycorrhizal inoculum, namely, a commercially available arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum marketed as $MycoGold^{TM}$ and an indigenous ectomycorrhizal Tomentella sp. inoculum were tested. In the initial six months, height growth of all three tree species inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum was significantly improved compared to the ectomycorrhizal inoculated and uninoculated control plants. The mycorrhizal effect was not evident thereafter and repeated application of the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum may be necessary for continued growth enhancement. Of the three species, A. mangium had the highest relative height growth rate over the 24 months on BRlS soils.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.5
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• pp.682-685
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• 2010

Coring has been widely used to measure annual increment in temperate forest ecosystems. This method is attractive because cores can be taken in just one visit. However, the accuracy of this method has not been tested. We expected coring to be less accurate than band dendrometers because of the eccentricity of tree growth. We studied 41 trees at the Long Term Experimental Forest in Mt. Gyebang, which has been monitored with band dendrometers since 1996. We collected two tree cores from the south and north face of each tree, 10 cm below the growth band. Increment cores were measured to 0.01 mm under stereomicroscopy. Annual growth from 1997 to 2006 was 3.2 mm $yr^{-1}$ for Quercus mongolica, 3.5 mm $yr^{-1}$ for Kalopanax septemlobus, and 5.7 mm $yr^{-1}$ for Pinus densiflora. The difference between the two methods was 10% for Q. mongolica, 14% for K. septemlobus, and 4% for P. densiflora. Compaction in the corer and shrinkage during drying decreased diameter increment by 5.6% and 1.0% on P. densiflora, respectively. This study suggests that the two methods for annual increment measurement are very similar, but species specificity should be concerned for direct comparison.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2015

This study was conducted to analyze the relationship among climatic factors and radial growth of Pinus koraiensis in South Korea. To determine climate-growth relationships, cluster analysis was applied to group climatically similar surveyed regions, and dendroclimatological model was developed to predict radial growth for each climate group under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios for greenhouse gases. The dendroclimatological models were developed through climatic variables and standardized residual chronology for each climatic cluster of P. koraiensis. 2 to 4 climatic variables were used in the models ($R^2$ values between 0.35~0.49). For each of the climatic clusters for Pinus koraiensis, the growth simulations obtained from two RCP climate-change scenarios were used for growth prediction. The radial growth of the Clusters 2 and 3, which grow at high elevation, tend to increase. In contrast, Cluster 1, which grows at low elevation, tends to decrease with a large difference. Thus, the growth of Pinus koraiensis, which is a boreal species, could increase along with increasing temperature up to a certain point.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2019

The forest of the Huaphanh Province (HP) has continued to decrease at 0.6% (10,560 ha) per year from 1992 to 2010. In the past few decades, the government of Laos and the Huaphanh Provincial Authority have been trying to address the root causes of deforestation. This study attempts to examine the factors effecting the decrease of the forest cover in the HP by analyzing the influence of the local socio-economic development and implementation of forest management policies on changes in the forest cover. The social data of the province focused on population growth and distribution between urban and rural areas including the number of poor people and the economic growth of three sectors, namely agriculture and forestry, industry, and service, while the implementation of the state forest management policy focused on the state forest management plan, tree plantation, forest land use planning and allocation to households, and shifting cultivation including annual upland rice and maize cultivation. In addition, government reports on socio-economic and rural development including poverty eradication of other provinces, where an increase in the forest cover was observed, were also collected and analyzed using qualitative and comparative analysis. The results from this study indicate that the decrease in forest cover in the Huaphanh Province appears to depend on a very slow economic growth and reduction in rural poverty of the province. The increase in the rural population in the province led to an increase in farm households and are as for shifting cultivation. As a result, forests were cleared leading to a decrease in the forest cover.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.2
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• pp.186-196
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• 2010

Fertilization increases the crop productivity and produces high quality seedlings for plantation. We quantitatively measured both physical performances and nutrient responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Abies holophylla seedlings, which are commercially planted species in Korea, to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization. We analyzed the growth performances by using Dickson's quality index (QI) and the nutrient status by using vector diagnosis. Nitrogen or phosphorus treatment increased height and root collar diameter growth of F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica, however, did not increase those of P. koraiensis and A. holophylla. The order of QI was N > P > K > control for F. rhynchophylla, P ${\geq}$ N > Control ${\geq}$ P for F. mandshurica, P > Control ${\geq}$ K > N for P. koraiensis and A. holophylla. In F. rhynchophylla, fertilization diluted N concentration in tissues by 5-25% because growth responses were higher than fertilization uptake. P. koraiensis and A. holophylla showed N excess showing "toxic accumulation". F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica showed P deficiency with P fertilization, however, P. koraiensis and A. holophylla showed "luxury accumulation". Vector diagnosis indicated that more fertilization was applicable for F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica, and high fertilization rates were inefficient for P. koraiensis and A. holophylla. Both QI and vector diagnosis can be applied to verify seedling quality in the light of growth responses and nutrient status in fertilization trials.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 2022

Background: Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis) is a major commercial species, and the importance of the oak trees (Quercus spp.) is increasing due to various factors such as environmental and ecological values. However, more information is required to clearly understand the growth characteristics of these species especially regarding thinning intensity. This study was performed to provide the basic information to develop the silvicultural guideline and field manual by analyzing tree and stand characteristics in line with thinning intensity in the Korean white pine plantation and oak-dominated natural deciduous forest. Results: Diameter at breast height (DBH) and volume changes by the thinning intensity in the Korean white pine plantation were significantly different from those in the oak-dominated deciduous natural forest. In particular, DBH distribution in the pine stand appeared that there were more large diameter trees as the thinning intensity was higher. DBH periodic annual increment (PAI) of the pine stand was higher as the thinning intensity was stronger and the growth period was shorter. This trend was similarly shown in the natural deciduous forest, but the amount of PAI was smaller than in pine stand. The volume PAI after thinning was not decreased over time. In each stand type, the PAI tended to be lower as stand density was higher. The volume PAI in the pine stand was significantly higher than that in the oak-dominated natural deciduous forest. Dead trees occurred the most in the unthinned plots of each stand type, and those were higher in the natural deciduous forest. Ingrowth trees were observed only in the natural deciduous forest, and its distribution was the lowest in unthinned plots; Korean white pine as ingrowth occurred the most frequently among many tree species. Conclusions: Different effects of thinning treatment on DBH and volume PAI, mortality, and ingrowth were observed for each stand. With respect to forest growth, Korean white pine plantation was superior to the oak-dominated natural deciduous forest. The results of this study offer fundamental information for the development of silvicultural guidelines for Korean white pine plantations and oak-dominated natural deciduous forests in Korea.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2014

This study was conducted to estimate the best-fit nonlinear height-DBH growth models for Larix kaempferi in Gangwon and North Gyeongsang province in South Korea. Exponential, Modified Logistic, Chapman-Richards, and Weibull function were used for estimating height-DBH models. To evaluate the selected models, $R^2$, RMSE, MD, MAD, and residual plots were performed in each model. Also, the coefficients and patterns in models of the previous studies were compared with those in this study. The result showed that Weibull equation was found to be the best-fit model with $R^2$=0.9837, RMSE=2.6133, MD=0.0089, and MAD=2.0896. All model parameters in our study had similar values to those in the previous models except for asymptotic parameter a. Our research result showed that Gangwon and North Gyeongsang province were superior to other provinces with regard to height growth for Larix kaempferi.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.196-198
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• 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of jellyfish chips in promoting the survival and growth of Pinus thunbergii seedlings in a coastal area based on a five-year field investigation from 2012 to 2016. Seedling survival rate was significantly higher in the treatment (96%) than in the control (75%) group in 2012. Furthermore, the height of five-year-old seedlings after plantation in 2012 was significantly greater in the treatment (3.41 m) than in the control (2.32 m) group (t=10.151; p-value<0.01). These results revealed that jellyfish chips can improve soil condition by enhancing moisture retention during the early growth stages and supplying nutrients to the seedlings over time. Our findings indicated that jellyfish chips could be used effectively as an organic fertilizer for growing coastal disaster prevention forests.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

Gastrodia elata has been cultivated as an important medicinal resources to treat various human diseases. One of the major problems associated with its field production is the degeneration of seed tubers, which is mainly caused by soil-borne pathogens. This study was conducted to produce disease-free seed tubers by the development of in vitro micropropagation method. First, tubers of G. elata were treated with $HgCl_2$ prior to culturing in vitro. Among various culture medium tested, water agar (WA) and WPM medium were the most effective on the induction and growth of vegetative stems. NAA ($0.1mg/{\ell}$) or TDZ ($1.0mg/{\ell}$) in WA medium showed better growth of vegetative stems compared to other plant hormones. Finally the induction and growth of vegetative stems were better in the dark compared to the light condition. In this study, we established an in vitro micropropagation system of G. elata, which might be an efficient way to increase the yield and quality of G. elata tubers in the field production.