• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2011

This study has been carried out to investigate the preservation characteristics and weathering of larch wood treated with wood tar and wood vinegar, neglected under the circumstance of outdoor exposure, buried under ground, and deposited under water. Earlywood cell wall observed by optical microscope has been collapsed due to the fungi deterioration. This phenomenon occurred more frequently in the case of woods treated with wood tar and buried under ground. Relative crystallinity of woods treated with wood tar, exposed outdoors, and untreated wood buried under ground was highest at 63% while wood tar treated wood buried under ground was lowest at 46%.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.236-249
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• 2015

The master plan of forest land management proposes forest watershed management that considers regional characteristics in order to overcome the problem of uniform forest land management. In order to manage the forest watersheds in Gyeonggi-do, this study classified 1,823 forest watersheds in Gyeonggi-do and attempted to understand their characteristics. It conducted a factor analysis and cluster analysis from the perspective of conservation value and development pressure using forest land indicators. In terms of conservation value, three factors were drawn: the topography factor, vegetation factor and public service factor, while in terms of development pressure, three factors were drawn: the easiness of development factor, economic benefits factor and development activity factor. Using these factors, forest watersheds were divided into three clusters in terms of conservation value while they were divided into three clusters in terms of development pressure. Using the results of the cluster analysis from a conservation-development perspective, the forest watersheds were classified into nine different types, and the characteristics were identified by each type. It is judged that the factors and clusters drawn as a result of the research accurately reflect the present conditions of Gyeonggi-do, and the nine types of forest watersheds have clear characteristics according to each type, which are judged to be utilized in forest management in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.556-561
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• 2006

This study was conducted to choose end-members and tracers for application of End Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA) model for the coniferous forest catchment, Gwangneung Gyeongi-do near Seoul metropolitan of South Korea (N $37^{\circ}$ 45', E $127^{\circ}$ 09'). This coniferous forest of Pinus Korainensis and Abies holophylla was planted at stocking rate of $3.0stems\;ha^{-1}$ in 1976. Thinning and pruning were carried out two times in the spring of 1996 and 2004 respectively. We monitored two successive rainfall events during ten days from June 26, 205 to July 5, 2005. Two storm events were selected to determine the end members and natural traces for hydrograph separation. The event 1 amounts to 161.9 m for two days from June 26 to 27, 2005. The event 2 precipitates to 139.2 mm for one day of July 1, 205. Throughfall, groundwater, soil water and stream water of the two events above were sampled through the bulk and automatic sampler. Their chemical properties were analyzed for prediction of the main tracer. The end members that contribute to the stream runoff were identified from the three components including groundwater, soil water and throughfall. Each component and stream water in the two events formed the suitable mixing diagram in case of chloride-nitrate ion and sulfate-potassium ion. Especially, chloride-nitrate ion was found to be the most suitable tracers for EMMA model in the two events.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to investigate the influence of local residents' nature environment attitudes to recreation forest development impact perceptions and to examine application possibility of nature environment attitude to resolution information of recreation forest management conflicts. 30 items of residents' perceptions and opinions were designed from previous tourism impact studies. The new environmental paradigm(NEP) was used to measure local residents' nature environment attitudes. In October 1995, 204 questionnaires were obtained from interview survey in local residents' villages near two recreation forests. Generally most local residents perceived low economic effects and negative environment impacts for recreation forest development. Nature environment attitude levels were significant differences due to socioeconomic variables of local residents, specially high in age, education level and influenced their perceptions toward recreation forest development impacts. The results suggested that the nature environment attitudes could be provided a useful referential framework in resolution of recreation forest management conflicts.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2011

This study was conducted to build frameworks for a guideline of community forest projects with respect to ODA of Korea (Official Development Assistant) in forest fields. Community forestry is a worldwide phenomenon which began in developing countries such as Nepal, Gambia, Guinea, and Indonesia and has been gradually recognized as an effective measure for ODA in forestry areas from ODA/DAC countries and the other international donors. This study investigated types of community forest status, mechanisms of community forest project conducted by ODA/DAC countries or the other international donors, and CFM (Community Forest management) success factors. As a result of our study, there are different types of resource users, having different economic and social status, perspectives, knowledge systems, values, understandings and objectives in community based forestry. Consequently, the clear forest tenure systems enabling communities to get motivated for the projects, the most appropriate agroforestry systems in different countries, capability of community to manage forest and etc must be considered carefully when the community forest project are implemented for ODA of Korea in order to gain successful results from ODA in forestry fields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2013

Some researcher started studies of natural capital from 1980's. But many researches are going along with the theme lately. Most assessment of ecosystem services are approaching a general assessment using a land-cover map. Therefore they have some problems such as overestimate, underestimate, and double counting, and so on. This study suggested a detailed typology for quantitative assessment about ecosystem services. It compared land-cover map and forest type map to select a based map and made criteria with reference to the literature and field survey. It subdivided a forest typology using ecological feature (natural forest, artifical forest), forest type (coniferous forest, mixed forest, hardwood forest) and age of stand in forest type map. Each forest type is widely distributed 21~40 ages of forests and biggest area is 21~40 ages of mixed forest in all forest typology. Further researches have to progress consistently assessment using detailed typology and function of forest ecosystem services.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2019

The materials of artificial soils in the production process of container seedlings have a great influence on plant growth. Peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite have been used as major components of artificial soils for many years; however, they could decrease carbon fixation carried out by the soil and cause environmental problems such as a change in the water quality. Thus, environmental friendly materials to replace them must be developed. The purpose of this study was to verify the optimum additive materials of artificial soils and their mixed ratios for the growth and seedling quality index (SQI) of Quercus serrata. Rice husk, mushroom sawdust, and pine bark were each used as an additive material and mixed into the growth medium at 10% and 20% of the total volume. There was no significant difference in the height growth of Q. serrata. The 20% mushroom sawdust decreased the root collar diameter by 23.4% compared to the control. The total dry weight was highest with the 10% rice husk and was significantly lower by 10.3% for the 20% mushroom sawdust compared to the control. Additionally, the SQI for all the treatments showed no tendency to increase compared with the control. Thus, this study showed the possibility of recycling biomaterials from agriculture and forest for seedling production. This method could reduce environmental problems and help eco-friendly nurseries to achieve a carbon negative impact by the recycling of by-products.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.135-138
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• 2001

The study area, the Kwangnung Experimental Forest (KEF) region is located at the west-central portion of the Korean peninsula (Figure 1), and covers 2, 240ha. Elevations range about from 90m to 600m, and the highest peak is Mt. Jukyeopsan (600.6m). Kwangnung Natural Reserve Forest area is about 1, 200ha, which has been protected from human activities for a long time.(omitted)

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2016

Understanding regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence is important to establish effective forest fire prevention policy in Korea. This study analyzed the characteristics of forest fires occurred in 16 administrative districts for recent 25 years (1990~2014) to examine regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence. Forest fire occurrence reflects regional characteristics depending on climatic factors as well as region's society-cultural factors. Results showed that the first cause of forest fire occurrence was carelessness by human activities throughout all administrative districts, however, the second cause depends on regional characteristics. As the results of forest fire occurrence period analyzed for 10 days, the most forest fires occurred in the southern region during January to March, while forest fires in the northern region occurred mostly during March to April. We classified forest fire occurrence patterns into three types (centralized: Gyeonggi-do, dispersal: Busan, horizontally distributed: Gyeongsangnam-do) by multi-temporal analysis for forest fire occurrence period.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.483-489
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• 2014

This study aimed at a scientific examination of the relationship between NVOCs concentration and the physical environment of red pine forest in spring season. Atmospheric NVOC samples in red pine forest was collected through five trials conducted from March to May 2013, using Tanax-Ta-charged disposable tubes and mini-pumps. At each trial, measurements were taken at three different points in daytime (sunrise, southing and sunset). For maximum accuracy, two tubes were used for each measurement at the same location, and the mean value was used for analysis. Compound analysis on the NVOC samples was done using the HS-SPME method and GC-MS. Analysis of the relationship between NVOC and the physical forest environment found higher concentrations of most substances, including ${\alpha}$-pinene and ${\beta}$-pinene, with higher temperature, dew point, and lower concentrations with higher wind velocity. The findings of this study offer scientific evidence which can inform the creation of 'healing forests' and 'recreational forests' as well as forest environment in general, helping to promote public health and recreational activities.