• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권6호
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• pp.633-638
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• 2007

보리밥나무(Elaeagnus macrophylla)는 해안 인접지의 척박한 토양에서 생육하는 상록성 질소고정 식물로서, 열매의 결실기는 조류의 봄철 이동시기와 일치한다. 보리밥나무의 열매를 이용하는 조류를 파악하고 이들이 보리밥나무의 종자 산포와 발아에 미치는 영향을 밝히기 위하여 2007년 3월부터 4월까지 이동성 조류의 중간 기착지인 전남 선안군 홍도에서 조류 조사 및 종자 발아실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 찌르레기(Sturnus cineraceus), 직박구리(Hypsipetes amaurotis), 개똥지빠귀(Turdus naumanni) 등 8종의 조류가 보리밥나무 열매를 섭식하였으며, 조류에 의해 소화된 종자는 자연 상태로 파종된 열매에 비해 발아시기가 단축되고 발아율도 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 또 열매를 주로 이용한 찌르레기류의 행동권 분석을 통해 보리밥나무 종자의 잠재적인 산포 범위는 6.9 ha에 이를 수 있는 것으로 예측되었다. 따라서 보리밥나무는 이동시기의 조류에게 중요한 먹이자원을 제공하고, 조류는 보리밥나무 종자의 산포자로서 새로운 지역으로 정착할 수 있는 기회를 주는 것으로 판단된다. 이와 같은 개척자 식물과 종자 산포자간의 상호작용은 척박한 해안 및 도서지역의 훼손된 상록활엽수림과 난대림 생태계의 자연 복원에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

본 연구는 빈도리나무를 대상으로 고형 돈분의 시비 농도에 따른 빈도리나무 종자의 발아율, 묘목의 생장량, 건중량, 체내 무기양분 흡수량 및 토양의 화학적 변화 등을 조사하여 빈도리나무 유묘의 생장에 고형 돈분의 적정 시용량에 대한 자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 1. 고형 돈분 처리시 빈도리나무의 종자발아율은 대조구가 가장 높았으며, 고농도 돈분 처리시 발아율은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 2. 묘의 생장량은 돈분 처리구가 대조구 보다 모두 높은 생장량을 보였고, 돈분 1.0% 처리구에서 묘고 생장이 가장 컸다. 3. 건중량은 1.0% 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 체내 무기양분 흡수량은 대부분 1.0% 처리구에서 높았으며, 2.0%에서 급격히 흡수량이 떨어졌다. 4. 빈도리나무 식재 토양의 경우 돈분을 고농도로 처리할수록 pH는 낮아지고, 토양 중 잔류된 전질소, 유효인산, 치환성 K, Na 및 Mg 함량은 높아졌다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate soil properties, ordination, and vegetation of the coastal sand dune in Sinduri, Taean-Gun. 1. The Orobanche coerulescens and Ixeris repens that are a peculiar species were found in Sinduri coastal sand dune and the Salix purpurea var. japonica that is an endemic species of korea was found in that place. The plant communities was categorized into seven groups, such as Rosa rugosa community, Vitex rotundifolia communit, Carex kobomugi community, Imperata cylndrica var. koenigii community, Carex pumila community, Artemisia capillaris community, and Calamagrostis epigeios community. 2. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous concentrations, and cation exchange capacity were lower in the study sites than in forest soil of seashore. There was little difference in soil exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K concentrations between in the study site and in the forest soil of seashore. The soil pH was ranged from 5.69 to 7.63. The soil texture in the study site was sand or loamy sand. 3. The results of the correlation between Sinduri coastal sand dune community and environmental factor are as follows; the soil pH was the most effect to the community distribution, and CEC, total nitrogen, soil organic matter, and the amount of silt in soil have some correlation with community distribution. 4. The results of the correlation between Sinduri coastal sand dune community and soil characteristics are as follows; the Calamagrostis epigeios community was found in area that have high soil moisture content; the Rosa rugosa community was found in area that have high soil CEC, organic matter concentration, and total nitrogen concentration, and low soil pH; the Vitex rotundifolia community, Carex kobomugi community, and Artemisia capillaris community were found in area that have low soil CEC, organic matter concentration, and total nitrogen concentration, and high soil pH; the Imperata cylndrica var. koenigii community and Carex pumila community were found in area that have medium soil CEC, organic matter concentration, total nitrogen concentration, and soil pH.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

Although landslides were frequently occurred under Tripterygium regelii and Rubus sp. vegetations, the damage of landslide was not observed in sasa (Sasa borealis) stands. These phenomena may be affected by forest vegetation types. This result suggested that the landslide occurred in Jirisan (Mt.) National Park may be closely related to water retention capacity at Sasa borealis stands. This study compared and analyzed the water retention capacity of each soil horizon of sasa, larch (Larix leptolepis) and mongolian oak (Quercus mongorica) stands. Soil bulk density in A horizon was lower in sasa (0.776g/$cm^3$) than in mongolian oak (0.828g/$cm^3$) and in larch stands (1.282g/$cm^3$). Water permeability in A horizon was 0.02055cm/sec for sasa, 0.00575cm/sec for mongolian oak, and 0.0007cm/sec for larch stands, respectively. The water permeability of sasa stand was about 3.6 times and about 29 times higher than in mongolian oak and in larch stands, respectively. This result indicates that water infiltration of soil surface during a rain event is more rapid in sasa than in other two stands. Soil organic matter content in B horizon was lower in larch (0.7%) than in mongolian oak (6.5%) and in Sasa (3.3%) stands. The solid ratio in A horizon was highest in larch among three stands, but that of mongolian oak and larch stands showed a similar rate. Pore space rates was 70.7% for A horizon and 70.6% for B horizon of sasa, 68.9% for A horizon and 70.6% for B horizon of sasa, 68.9% for A horizon and 70.6% for B horizon of mongolian oak forests and 51.7% for A horizon and 49.2% for B horizon of larch forests, respectively. According to pore space rates, the water retention capacity may be poor in larch stand compared with other two stands. Soil strength in sasa and mongolian stands was over 25kgf/$cm^2$ from 40cm depth, while the strength was over 25kgf/$cm^2$ from 25cm depth in larch stand. The result indicates that tree growth and water permeability in larch stand could be limited due to high soil strength. Larch stand was poor for soil pore space development to be offered to the water retention capacity, but water retention capacity of A horizon soil in sasa stand was high than that of other two stands. Therefore, establishment of sasa stand under larch stand could help to prevent landslides.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 2018

In terms of environmental friendly land use and objective environmental assessment, legislative assessment items of Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) consists of designated areas related to conservation and protection, and areas that are planned to be designated in the future. However, the gap with the reality due to omission of several protection areas and land use regulations, and assessment grades according to 3 division land use map of forest, agricultural land, and urbanized area, results in low application and utilization of ECVAM. Therefore in this study, the legislative assessment of the ECVAM was performed with new assessment items and its new ratings, to suggest an improvement in legislative assessment items of the ECVAM. As a result, legally protected areas of inhabited islands under absolute conservation, special wildlife protection districts, protected marine areas, environmental preservation sea areas, scenic spots, forest protection zone, traditional temple preservation zone, and 45 zone or district related to regulation of land use were additionally designated as new legislative assessment items. New grade ratings were given to each additional assessment items in consideration of the restrictions on acts. As a result of the legislative assessment based on the new assessment items and new grades, the 1st grade area increased by 3.47%, and the 2nd grade area increased by 19.35%. The 3rd grade area decreased by 8.54%, the 4th grade area increased by 2.95%, and 5th grade increased by 2.91%. In addition, the out-of-grade area decreased by 20.14%, considered to be a realistic assessment based on land use. With the improved legislative assessment, it is possible to provide a more accurate environmental assessment map. Increase usage of ECVAM is expected in providing regulations of land use and base data for integrated land management of land environmental planning.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Recently, due to worldwide industralization and urbanization, natural environment has been severly damaged and global warning is worsening. Heat wave, torrential rainfall, typhoon and other natural disasters continuously occur due to global warming. Policies such as carbon emission regulation are taken into effect to solve such problems. Such global trend has affected interest to natural ecosystem and developed as a concept of ecosystem-services. This study particularly focused on ground water storage capacity among various ecosystem-services such as climate control and soil formation. It is because Korea suffers from drought and flood every year. Therefore, this study aims to understand objective numerical value of ecosystem-services value regarding ground water storage capacity of biotop classes based on relationship among precipitation, amount of evapotranspiration, and runoff of 7 regions of Chilgok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do and to convert the value into economic value. The study calculated ground water storage capacity based on relationship among precipitation, amount of evapotranspiration, and run off. Calculated amount of each capacity was 29.26 million ton($30.2mm/m^2$), 430.46 million ton($140.4mm/m^2$), 11.30 million ton($150.1.0mm/m^2$), 33 milion ton($3.0mm/m^2$). Economical value of ecosystem-service by each biotop classes appeared 4,128,800 thousand KRW ($21.32KRW/m^2$) for agricultural biotop, and 60,403,600 thousand KRW ($98.52KRW/m^2$) for forest biotop, 1,572,800 thousand KRW ($104.4KRW/m^2$) for grassland biotop, and 47,600 thousand KRW ($2.18KRW/m^2$) for bare ground biotop. The result of this study like above, it will be used as important evidentiary material to preserve natural resource effectively from various development business and policies that damages natural eco-system. Also, it is judged that ecosystem-service value by each land coverage will be used as important material for preparing legalistic institution such as establishing natural environment preservation plan, budget for alternative forest resource creation cost.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.614-624
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• 2013

본 연구는 경주국립공원 전체 지구를 대상으로 토양침식에 대해 RUSLE 기법을 활용하여 잠재적 토양유실량과 침식위험도를 파악함으로써 토양생태계의 지속적인 보전과 더불어 재해방지 계획 수립을 위한 기초 자료 제공에 그 목적이 있다. 연평균 토양침식량 분석 결과, 전체 지구의 평균 토양침식량은 5.7ton/ha/yr로 나타났으며, 지구별로 남산 지구가 7.6ton/ha/yr로 가장 높았고 서악 지구가 2.1ton/ha/yr로 가장 낮았다. 토양침식위험등급 지역은 1% 미만으로 분석되었으며, 구미산 지구와 화랑 지구는 심각한 지역이 없었다. 그러나 남산 지구는 심각한 지역이 다른 지구에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 금오봉 일대에 집중되어 있었다. 따라서 금오봉 일대를 보호하기 위해서는 적절한 복원 및 관리방안이 수립되어야 할 것이다. 경주국립공원의 토지피복형태는 대부분 산림지역으로 나타났으며, 평균 토양침식량이 3.7ton/ha/yr로 양호한 수준인 것으로 확인되었다. 지형에 따른 토양침식량 분석 결과, 깊은 계곡이 단위면적 당 7.3ton/ha/yr로 나타났으며, 다음이 평탄곡지로 6.1ton/ha/yr로 분석되었다. 평탄지와 산정능선은 토양침식이 적게 발생되는 것으로 예측되었다. 향후, 국내 국립공원의 토양유실량을 분석한다면, 전체 국립공원의 토양생태계를 보전 및 복원할 수 있는 계획 수립에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2016

This study was focused on the northernmost limit of the distribution changing of Daphniphyllum macropodum and studied characteristic of plant communities of natural monument No. 91 in Najangsan national park, Korea. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The highest importance percentage(I.P.) value at tree layer in Quercus. mongolica community was Q. mongolica, 37.8%. But the highest value of mean importance percentage(M.I.P.) was D. macropodum, 32.8%. 2. The highest I.P. value at tree layer in Carpinus laxiflora community was C. laxiflora, 47.4%. The highest M.I.P. value was C. laxiflora, 28.8% and M.I.P. value of D. macropodum was 24.0%. 3. The highest I.P. value at tree layer in D. macropodum community was D. macropodum, 55.6%. C. laxiflora and Q. mogolica I.P. value was 14.8% and 6.8%, respectively. The highest M.I.P. value was D. macropodum, 47.9%. Sapium japonicum and C. laxiflora M.I.P. value was 11.4% and 10.7%, respectively. 4. The highest I.P. value at tree layer in Quercus variabilis community was C. laxiflora, 20.8%. Q. variabilis and Acer pseudosieboldianum I.P. value was 15.3% and 12.5%, respectively. The highest M.I.P. value was D. macropodum, 21.5%. It needs to the continuous monitoring of vegetation and importance percentage change in tree layer and subtree layer of D. macropodum. The researching results of D. macropodum distribution, the distribution range of D. macropodum showed expanded more than range of Lim and Oh' result(1999). In other words, it was distributed low density level between Najangsa temple and Byeokryeonam, and distributed in upper Keumsun waterfall and Wonjeok upper valley. D. macropodum was appeared on hiking trails around from Wonjeokam to Bulchulbong. Especially, it was found in this study that D. macropodum was distributed on Seoraebong's north which placed outside area of Naejangsa region. In this study, it was considered that distribution range of D. macropodum was expanded. Also, it is expected to be used as a result of the field study of changing distribution study of broad leaved evergreen forest due to global warming.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2018

As disaster risk and climate change volatility increase, there are more efforts to adapt to disasters such as forest fires, floods, and landslides. Most of the research, however, is about influence of human activities on disaster and there is few research on disaster adaptation for species. Previous studies focusing on biodiversity in selecting conservation areas have not addressed threats of disaster in the habitats for species. The natural disasters sometimes play role of drivers of ecological successions in the long run, but they might cause serious problems for the conservation of vulnerable species which are endangered. The purpose of this study is to determine whether soil loss (SL) is effective in selecting habitat management areas for amphibians and reptiles. RUSLE model was used to calculate soil loss (SL) and the distribution of each species (SD) was computed with MaxEnt model to find out the biodiversity index. In order to select the habitat management area, we estimated the different results depending if value of soil loss was applied or not by using MARXAN, a conservation priority selection tool. With using MARXAN, conservation goals can be achieved according to the scenario objectives, and the study has been made to meet the minimum habitat area. Finally, the results are expressed in two; 1) the result of soil loss and biodiversity with MATRIX method and 2) the result of regional difference calculated with MARXAN conservation prioritization considering soil loss. The first result indicates that the area with high soil loss and low species diversity have lower conservation values and thus can be managed as natural disturbances. In the area where soil loss is high and species diversity is also high, it becomes where a disaster mitigation action should be taken for the species. According to the conservation priorities of the second result, higher effectiveness of conservation was obtained with fewer area when it considered SL in addition to SD, compared to when considered only biodiversity. When the SL was not taken into consideration, forest area with high distribution of species were important, but when SL considered, the agricultural area or downstream of the river were represented to be a major part of habitats. If more species data or disaster parameters other than soil loss are added as variables later, it could contribute as a reference material for decision-making to achieve various purposes.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

본 연구는 빈도리나무를 대상으로 고형 계분의 시비 농도에 따른 빈도리나무 종자의 발아율, 묘목의 생장량, 건중량을 조사하였고, 재료 및 방법에 기술한 방법에 준하여 체내 무기양분 흡수량 및 토양의 화학적 변화 등을 분석하여 빈도리나무 유묘의 생장에 고형 계분의 적정 시용량에 대한 자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 1. 고형 계분 처리 시 빈도리나무의 종자발아율은 대조구가 가장 높았으며, 고농도 계분 처리 시 발아율은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 2. 묘의 생장량은 계분 처리구가 대조구 보다 모두 높은 생장량을 보였고, 유묘의 생장과 건중량에서도 1.0%처리구에서 가장 컸다. 3. 체내 무기양분 흡수량은 계분 처리 1.0%처리구에서 대부분 높았으며 2.0%에서 급격히 흡수량이 떨어졌다. 4. 빈도리나무 식재 토양의 경우 계분을 고농도로 처리할수록 pH는 낮아지고, 토양 중 잔류된 전질소, 유효인산, 치환성 K, Na 및 Mg 함량은 높아졌다.