• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.3 s.39
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• pp.171-190
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• 1990

It is the purpose of this study to address how to manage the urban vegitation using the concept of Urban Forestry which is relatively new to Korea. When we consider the Urban Forestry as a science, We should understand it interdisciplinary subject which includes Forestry, Horticulture, Urban Planning, Landscape Design, Landuse Planning, Business and Humanities. It may say that people and tree are the fundermental components of Urban Forestry. So there are two ways of Urban Forestry Applications-How people care for trees and How trees care for People-. For the application, this study places the focus on the monetary valuation, tree inventory system and traditional forestry application to urban forest management. Pubic Relation, Communication, Ordinances and Budget are also mentioned as a part of Urban Forestry Policy. Monetary valuation of trees and forests is very important for the proper cognition of their real value. So that, they may be equated and weighed against conflicting uses which would cause to be removed or severely mutilated. A tree inventory system which is the essential part of urban tree management can provide the pertinent information about the present condition of urban tree resource. It may aid in reducing the subjectivity of tree management decisions and stimulate them to be made rapidly and can help reduce potential municipal liability by identifying serious problems in time for corrective maintenance practices to be applied for the maximize community benefits and minimimize public nuisances or hazards. Managers can derive the information from the inventory and use it for the various management plan. When we see the structure of tree inventory system as one of the data base management system, Computer is the best equipment for the efficient management plan. Public relation and communication is also important factors to care the people for urban vegetation management. Volunteer management system is a good example for the public relation and communication. Those skills are need to develop for using the priceless, valuable human resources. Budget holds the key to the execution of Urban Forestry. Good inventory can provide for efficient budgeting stratiges through it's scientific analysis for the way of maximum benefits and minimum costs. Forest can be play a vital role for the aesthetic improvement and recreation in the city. This study suggests that the traditional sivicultural application not only improve the quality of scenic beauty and recreation but also the products of timber. So it is more needed to study for strong and scientific application to urban forest management.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.632-643
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to examine vegetation community structure and distribution of Fraxinus chiisanensis in Mt.Minjuji of Chungcheongbuk-do by setting up and surveying 8 plots (400 m² each). Mean Importance Value (MIV) of Fraxinus chiisanensis in 8 plots was 35.19% in average (ranging from 26.07~42.74%). Since it is the dominant species in all plots, it is expected to maintain the present vegetation structure. The analysis of the DBH (diameter at breast height) showed that the diameter of Fraxinus chiisanensis in Mt.Minjuji ranges from 2 to 43cm. The majority of Fraxinus chiisanensis is expected to maintain current state unless disturbance or rapid environmental change occurs. The Species Diversity (H') was 0.8498~1.0261, Evenness (J') was 0.8160~0.9256, Dominance Index (D) was 0.0789~0.1840, Maximum Diversity (H'max) was 1.0414~1.2041. The analysis of annual ring and radial growth showed that the average age of Fraxinus chiisanensis in Mt.Minjuji was 29.1years(ranging from 22~58years). The average annual radial growth of Fraxinus chiisanensis was the highest in community G with 5.84mm and the lowest in community B with 2.80mm. The similarity index analysis revealed that the similarity index between community B and E, C and F, H was the highest with 69.0%, and the similarity index between community E and F was the lowest with 29.6%. Both the area of Fraxinus chiisanensis community of Mt.Minjuji and its population size are very small. Therefore, this area needs to be designated as Forest Genetic Resource Reserve.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2023

Precipitation data is one of the essential input datasets used in various fields such as wetland management, hydrological simulation, and water resource management. In order to efficiently manage water resources using precipitation data, it is essential to secure as much data as possible by minimizing the missing rate of data. In addition, more efficient hydrological simulation is possible if precipitation data for ungauged areas are secured. However, missing precipitation data have been estimated mainly by statistical equations. The purpose of this study is to propose a new method to restore missing precipitation data using machine learning algorithms that can predict new data based on correlations between data. Moreover, compared to existing statistical methods, the applicability of machine learning techniques for restoring missing precipitation data is evaluated. Representative machine learning algorithms, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Random Forest (RF), were applied. For the performance of classifying the occurrence of precipitation, the RF algorithm has higher accuracy in classifying the occurrence of precipitation than the ANN algorithm. The F1-score and Accuracy values, which are evaluation indicators of the classification model, were calculated as 0.80 and 0.77, while the ANN was calculated as 0.76 and 0.71. In addition, the performance of estimating precipitation also showed higher accuracy in RF than in ANN algorithm. The RMSE of the RF and ANN algorithms was 2.8 mm/day and 2.9 mm/day, and the values were calculated as 0.68 and 0.73.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 1998

Sex ratios, and patterns of tree size and growth variation, resource allocation, spatial and age class distribution between the sexes were investigated in natural populations of the sexual trees, R. trichocarpa and R. sylvestris, and the mainly asexual, clonal tree, R. javanica of the dioecious Rhus (Anacardiaceae) distributed in Korea. Sex ratios for three species exhibited a significant degree of female bias, but among the populations, sex ratios were seen to vary quite widely. The measurement of tree size and annual increment of male trees in R. trichocarpa and R. sylvestris were significantly higher than those of female trees, but not significantly different in R. javanica. In all of the species, flowering branch number per individual and inflorescence number per branch of males outnumbered those of females. Branch number per individual, rachis(leaf) number per branch and rachis(leaf) number per inflorescence were more in females than in males. These results were considered as reproductive efforts to increase the pollen supply in males and the fruit production in females. Spatial distribution analysis in two different populations of R. trichocarpa indicated that males and females were randomly distributed in space, but seedlings were clumped around parental trees. Analysis of age class distributions between the sexual reproduction trees, R. triclaocarpa and R. sylvestris, and the asexual, clonal tree, R. javanica showed a different distribution in frequencies of males and females in each age class. These results showed that sexual and asexual reproduction tree species had almost different preference of habitats, and different sex ratio and annual growth.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.297-312
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Seoungma (Gyeonggi-do). The vascular plant were collected 13 times (from March to October 2011), and 384 taxa in total were identified, including 94 families, 260 genera, 340 species, 5 subspecies, 37 varieties and 2 forms. Korean endemic plants of this area were nine taxa; Clematis brachyura, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, etc. Rare plants (IUCN) by the Korean Forest Service and Korean National Arboretum three taxa were recorded; one Critically Endangered species (CR), Prunus yedoensis, one Vulnerable species (VU), Epimedium koreanum, one Least Concemed species (LC), Phacelurus latifolius. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 15 taxa comprising two taxa of grade V and III, one taxa of grade II, 10 taxa of grade I. Furthermore, therophytes (28.3%), hemicryptophytes (23.0%), hydrophytes (14.3%) showed high proportional ratio in life form spectrum. The naturalized plants were identified as 43 taxa and the percent of naturalized index (NI) was 11.2% of total 384 taxa vascular plants. The vegetation status of investigated area was comparatively well conserved, but the degree of damage was increasing rapidly by the disturbances of human beings. Therefore, a long-term monitoring of vegetation changes and movement grasp must become accomplished.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.406-425
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• 2010

The flora for resource plants in Hapcheon-gun were investigated 10 times from March to October, 2009. Based on collected voucher specimens, the flora of this area consisted of 489 taxa in total; 82 families, 292 genera, 427 species, 4 subspecies, 49 varieties and 9 forms. The resources plants in the area were categorized by usage into 9 groups including an unknown group: 187 edible, 126 pasturing, 137 medicinal, 112 dyeing, 52 ornamental, 16 timber, 9 fiber, 2 industrial taxa and 134 unknown resource plants were recorded respectively. In addition, there were 18 taxa of Korean endemic plants, 33 taxa of specific plants which were designated by the Ministry of Environment, and 2 taxa of rare plants. Furthermore, 44 taxa of naturalized plants were observed in this investigated area. The vegetation status of the investigated area was well conserved, but it is likely that the contaminated area could be rapidly increased and exacerbated by the climbers and development of forest roads. Therefore, the systems for conservation need to be prepared for the effective management of forests, and there must be special rules to control the number of climbers and visitors.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2018

최근 생태 조경용 관상식물의 수요가 증가함에 따라, 환경적응성이 강하며 관상용으로 가치가 있는 자생식물들을 개발하기 위한 노력이 증가하고 있다. 둥근산꼬리풀(Veronica rotunda Nakai)은 화기가 길며, 꽃이 만개하였을 때 관상가치가 높아 정원의 지피식물 및 실내 분화식물로 이용 가치가 높다. 본 연구는 둥근산꼬리풀의 육묘기술을 개발하기 위하여 2018년 5월 8일에서 6월 30일까지 약 8주간 시행되었다. 본 연구의 공통사항은 200구 트레이에 원예상토를 충진한 후 셀당 4립씩 종자를 파종하였다. 이후 무차광 조건에서 육묘하였으며, 추비는 hyponex $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$를 잎이 충분히 젖도록 2, 4주차에 엽면시비 하였다. 파종 용기별 실험은 162, 200, 288구 트레이를 사용하였고, 파종립수별 생육을 알아보기 위하여 200구 트레이에 셀 당 1, 2, 4 및 6립을 파종하였다. 토양종류는 원예상토, 피트모스:펄라이트(3:1, 4:1)의 혼용토를 육묘에 이용하였다. 각 혼용토의 비료 농도는 한아름상토(N:P:K, $300-200-200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)를 기준으로 0, 100 및 200%로 조성하였다. 추비는 hyponex (6.5-6-19)를 물에 희석하여 0, 500, 및 $1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 파종 후 2, 4주차 총 2회 잎이 충분히 젖을 정도로 엽면시비 하였으며, 차광실험은 0, 55 및 75% 차광막이 설치된 곳에 재배하였다. 8주간 육묘 실험을 수행한 결과, 파종 용기별로는 162구 트레이에서 생육한 유묘에서 각 측정 항목별로 유의적으로 양호한 결과가 나타났다. 셀 당 파종립수 별로는 1립 파종구에서 가장 우수한 유묘의 생장을 보였으며, 파종립수가 증가할수록 생육이 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 토양조성을 달리하였을 때 원예상토 단용 처리에서 가장 생육이 우수하였고, 피트모스가 혼합된 토양에서는 생육이 저조한 경향을 보였다. Hyponex의 농도를 달리하여 추비하였을 때 $1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$에서 유묘의 생육이 가장 양호하였으며, 추비농도가 감소할수록 생육이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 차광정도에 따른 생육을 관찰한 결과 55% 차광에서 생육이 가장 우수하였고, 75% 차광의 경우에는 무차광 처리구에 비해 생육이 감소하는 경향이었다. 따라서 각 처리별 결과를 토대로 둥근산꼬리풀을 육묘시 162구 트레이에 원예상토를 충진한 후 셀 당 1립 파종하여, 55% 차광에서 재배하며, 추비는 Hyponex $1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$를 잎이 충분히 젖을 정도로 엽면시비하는 것이 가장 효과적일 것으로 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2018

본 연구는 응달고사리[Cornopteris crenulatoserrulata (Makino) Nakai]의 전엽체 대량증식 및 포자체 형성을 위한 배지구성물질 및 배양토의 최적조건을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 실험재료는 기내에서 포자발아를 통해 획득한 전엽체를 계대배양하여 실험에 사용하였다. 배지구성물질이 전엽체의 증식 및 형태 형성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 배지구성물질의 농도를 1/4, 1/2, 1배로 조절한 MS배지와 Knop배지를 조성하였다. 기내 배양된 전엽체 300mg을 메스로 다진 후 상기 5종의 배지에 배양하였다. 실험의 결과, 전엽체의 생체중은 Knop배지에서 3.93g으로 가장 많이 증가되었으며, 현미경으로 관찰한 결과 기관형성도 정상적으로 이루어졌다. 선행연구에서 선발된 Knop배지를 기준으로 sucrose(0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 및 3.0%) 및 활성탄(0, 0.1, 0.2 및 0.4%)의 농도를 달리 첨가하여 전엽체에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 실험결과, 0.5%의 sucrose를 첨가한 배지에서 생체중이 5.90g으로 증가하였으며, 활성탄은 첨가하지 않는 것이 효과적이었다. 포자체 형성을 위한 최적의 토양조건을 구명하고자, 원예상토와 피트모스, 펄라이트, 마사토 등 인공토양의 비율을 달리하여 8종류의 토양을 사각분에 충진하였으며, 기내에서 배양된 전엽체를 10초간 분쇄한 후 사각분에 1g씩 균일하게 분주하여 16주간 배양하였다. 배양결과, 원예상토를 단용으로 처리한 실험구에서 포자체가 171.5개로 가장 많이 발생하였으며, 원예상토와 마사토를 2:1(v:v)로 혼합한 토양에서 125.0개, 원예상토, 피트모스, 마사토를 1:1:1(v:v:v)로 혼합한 토양에서 113.3개 순으로 포자체가 발생하였다. 포자체의 생육은 포자체의 형성이 가장 많았던 원예상토를 단용한 토양에 비해 원예상토와 마사토를 2:1(v:v)로 혼합한 토양에서 생체중, 엽장, 엽폭, 근장 등이 우수하였다. 한편 피트모스가 혼합된 토양에서는 전엽체와 포자체 형성이 억제되는 경향을 보였다. 위 결과로 보아 응달고사리의 전엽체 기내배양에는 sucrose 0.5%가 첨가된 Knop배지가 적합하며, 포자체 대량생산을 위해서는 원예상토를 단용한 토양을 사용하는 것이 좋다고 판단되었다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.447-458
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• 2006

The resource plants at the Manduksan and Mireukbong was listed 550 taxa: 107 families, 339 genera, 481 species, 1 subspecies, 65 varieties and 3 forms. Among 550 taxa listed was confirmed 323 taxa of edible plants (58.7%), 384 taxa of medicinal plants (69.8%), 267 taxa of ornamental plants (48.5%) and 268 taxa of the others (48.7%). Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 4 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Lilium distichum (Preservation priority order: No. 159), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Aristolochia contorta (No. 151), Prunus yedoensis (No. 110) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 11 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile, Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Pseudostellaria multiflora, Prunus yedoensis, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Weigela subsessilis, Aster koraiensis. Specific plant species by floral region were total 30 taxa; Prunus yedoensis in class V, Wistaria floribunda in class IV, 3 taxa (Spiraea salicifolia, Acer palmatum, Asperula lasiantha) in class III, 3 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii, Viola tokubuchiana var. takedana, Caryopteris incana) in class II, 22 taxa (Pinus koraiensis, Hosta capitata, Chloranthus japonicus, Salix glandulosa, Juglans mandshurica, etc.) in class I. This site needs urgent countermeasures, because there have increased many man-made damages like planting exotic plants, picking wild plants and soil compaction induced by human trampling.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.115-123
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• 2008

Evapotranspiration mapping using both meteorological ground-based measurements and satellite-derived information has been widely studied during the last few decades and various methods have been developed for this purpose. It is significant and necessary to estimate regional evapotranspiration (ET) distribution in the hydrology and water resource research. The study focused on analyzing the surface ET of Chungbuk region using Landsat 7 ETM imagery. For this process, we estimated the regional daily evapotranspiration on May 8, 2000. The estimation of surface evapotranspiration is based on the relationship between Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) and Morton's actual ET. TVDI is the relational expression between Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST). The distribution of NDVI corresponds well with that of land-use/land cover in Chungbuk. The LST of several part of city in Chungbuk region is higher in comparison with the averaged LST. And TVDI corresponds too well with that of land cover/land use in Chungbuk region. The low evapotranspiration availability is distinguished over the large city like Cheongju-si, Chungju-si and the difference of evapotranspiration availability on forest and paddy is high.