• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

It is necessary to examine relationship between spatial patterns of forest types and characteristics of forest fires for efficient management of fire and forest. By the ecoregions of South Korea, we computed landscape indices for whole types of forests(landscape level) and pine forests(class level), and analyzed characteristics of forest fires using statistics of forest fires from 1991 to 2006. We performed canonical correlation analysis to model the relationship between the landscape indices and the statistics of forest fires. At landscape level, forest patches were larger and more complex in the ecoregions which had higher percentage of forest area. At class level, pine forest patches were more complex and closer to neighbor patches in the coastal ecoregions. The ecoregions including metropolitan areas and cities had more frequent fire occurrences per 1,000ha, while mountainous coastal ecoregions had more burned areas and faster spread of fire growth rate. The canonical correlation between the landscape indices for pine forests and the statistics of forest fires was statistically significant at the 0.05 level and explained more than 70% of the variation in fire variables. The results showed that combustion time per fire was longer in the ecoregions which had larger and more aggregated pine forest patches.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.110-130
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• 2004

This study aims to study the definition and characteristics of forest biomass as an alternative energy and to estimate the energy potential and feasibility of forest biomass utilization in domestic. Especially, significant attention is given to woody biomass such as forest residue, thinning log, etc. due to their renewable, sustainable and abundant properties. The results were summarized as follows. The utilization of these forest biomass could play an important role to activate the forest industry and increase the public benefit functions of forest, but more attention on their utilization is required and how they can be utilize more efficiently is the new task assigned to our forestry for sustainable forest management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

This study is focused on finding out the character of urban recreation forest and investigating facilities regulations of forest resources around urban areas to meet future recreation needs. The method of this study is to compare urban recreation forests with similar facilities like urban parks and natural recreation forests. By this way, this study not only identifies the characteristics of urban recreation forest as emerging recreational facility, but also outputs regulations that can be adapted to real environment. Urban recreation forest is defined as follows: It has forest with good natural landscape and easy access. It makes emotion rich and its function is focused on outdoor recreation nature education, and experiences for family group mainly within a day or on weekends. This study suggests that the minimal area of urban recreation forest should be over 100,000$m^2$, with a facility ratio less than 20%. Building coverage should be less than 7% when the urban recreation forest is under 300,000$m^2$, less than 5％ when 300,000∼500,000$m^2$, and less than 3％ when over 500,000$m^2$ The limits of building height is 3 stories, or under 12m. This study finds out the character, the needs of urban recreation and the criterion for project feasibility. significance of the result is supplying theoretical basement on related regulation. Based on the results, further study will establish landscape management method and legislation & application in a detailed examination.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.6
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• pp.891-899
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to estimate economic value of forest landscape function using conditional logit model, applied by Choice Experiment. For the study, we have chosen attributes and levels of forest landscape. In specific, topographical forest type, forest type, forest density, recreational factor (side trip, accessibility of valley) and WTP were included in attributes. Based on factors, we have made 48 choice sets with Balanced and Orthogonal form using SAS 9.1. The efficiency of questionnaire was 6.02 (D-Error: 0.1) and choice set and socio-economic variable were selected. In order to reduce cognitive load of respondent, 96 choice sets were divided into 4 types in questionnaire so that respondent could respond to 12 choice sets respectively. Population was citizens from 7 metropolitan cities including Seoul, and the interview survey was conducted to find out average annual WTP per household for the total 280 interviewees. As a result, In the Non-ASC model, Mcfadden' ${\rho}$ had 0.21, and Log Likelihood: -2,631. Average annual WTP per household for forest landscape was 266,723 Won(Korean currency).

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.237-249
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• 2023

This study was carried to establish a new landscape-oriented gardening model based on climate, vegetation, and forest landscape characteristics. In addition, innovative forest garden models were suggested through an integrated approach to the ecological characteristics of forest vegetation communities and existing garden planting types. For the study, the key landscape elements that make up the main forest vegetation community were identified. And the vertical layers and horizontal distribution patterns of the community structure were typified by diagnostic species and their growth forms & habits such as dominant species, character species, and differential species, and degree of dominance-sociability. Based on this, a standardized vegetation structure and formation was developed by stratifying the landscape into main features, minor features, and detailed features according to visual dominant elements. Also, the applicability of the forest garden model was examined by applying the concept of borrowing landscape to representative deciduous broadleaf forests in the temperate northern region of Korea. Additionally, an integrated forest garden models based on the conceptual definition and typology of forest gardens, and a strategic approach to forest vegetation were proposed

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.791-797
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• 1998

An attempt to clarify the landscape structure of urban areas was carried out on Mt. Hwangryung located in the center of Pusan, southern Korea. By means of aerial photographs and field survey, a vegetation map including land-use pattern was made. Landscape structure was described by analyzing the vegetation map. Landscape element types were classified into secondary forest, introduced plantation, and other elements including urbanized area. almus firma and Pinus thunbergii communities, introduced plantation elements, formed matrix and some secondary forest elements and the other artificial plantations of small scale tended to distribute as small patches in such matrix. The number of patches per unit area in secondary forest elements was more than that in introduced plantation element. The result on patech size was vice versa. As the results of landscape ecological analyses, it was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to artificial interference and those in sub-communities levels to natural process such as progression of succession. On the other hand, restoration plans in viewpoints of restoration and landscape ecology were suggested to improve ecological quality of Mt. hwangryung.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2020

Recently, public awareness regarding mountain villages' landscapes is increasing. Thus, this study aimed to provide standards for conservation, management and creation of mountain village landscape by characterizing and classifying those exist. 286 mountain villages' data were collected and 19 variables - extracted from GIS spatial information and statistic data of mountain villages, chosen as right sources according to former studies - were utilized to conduct factor and cluster analysis. As a result of the factor analysis, 7 characteristics of the mountain villages' landscapes were defined - 'Location', 'Cultivation', 'Ecology·Nature', 'Tourism', 'Residence', 'Recreation'. The K-means cluster analysis categorized the mountain villages' landscapes into four types - 'Residential', 'Touristic', 'General', 'Environmentally protected'. The classification was examined to be appropriate by field assessment, and basic guidelines of mountain village landscape management were set. The results of this study are expected to be utilized planning and implementing regarding mountain village landscape in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.22-34
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• 2004

An artificial disturbance like fragmentation in watershed forest has impacted a sustainability of watershed ecosystem, therefore this research quantified the landscape structure in the Geumho river watershed using landscape indices and GIS. Landscape indices were calculated from the forest distributed maps for 24 subwatersheds. Three common factors, which explained about 85% of the variation in the original data, were extracted by a factor analysis. The fragmentation gradient in forest landscape, which was calculated from the factor scores, was correlated with proportion of urban land (r=0.827, p<0.01, $R^2$=0.685), elevation (r=-0.637, p<0.01) and slope gradient (r=-0.593, p<0.01). The result of the study presented that the methodology and the values of landscape indices to assess the structural patterns of forest landscape for the Geumho river watershed management. Future research will be directed towards the detection of impacts of landscape patterns and their changes on the integrity of watershed environments.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the non-timber forest functions of the Research Forest area of Kangwon National University. In this study, forest recreation function was investigated through survey method answered by forest management experts. The evaluation factors for forest recreation function were separated into external and internal factors. Each factor was classified into intermediate element and detailed element. Therefore in this study, the evaluation factors of forest recreation function were divided into two groups which are the potential of external factors and the suitability of internal factors. Potential of the external factors were divided into accessibility, location, landscape and induction factors while the suitability of internal factor was divided into stand structure, forest structure and human impact. The priority of the potential of external factors was in order that location, accessibility, induction factors and landscape. The most important factors for the location, accessibility, induction and landscape factors are based on regional characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2012

This study's objective is to inform people of the value and identity and to understand the cultural landscape characteristics of coastal village forest, which have not been studied in-depth in previous studies. This study was conducted by selecting 10 village forest sites in the southern coast of Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea and the present state of forests were investigated through bibliographical and on-the-spot survey, as well as interviews with local villagers. The following points(characteristics of traditional culture, practical characteristics, scenic characteristics) are the important factors for analyzing cultural landscape characteristics of coastal village forest verified through the study. First, The coastal village forest in the village commons is mental space for the local community affected by folk belief rather than confucian backgrounds. Second, The coastal village forest is a reasonable space contriving economic efficiency and solving the real problems facing the coastal village. Third, The coastal village forest identities should be understood the land use around village and behind mountain from the sea of wide range rather than confined to just a forest consisting of trees. This study's significance is to make the basic data and to enhance the value of the coastal village forest unnoticed. In addition, the subjects of the study should be extended to the east and west coastal village forests and subsequent research should be conducted to notification the characteristics and differences of each coastal village forest.