• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.3
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• pp.240-249
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• 2006

Recently, dispersion of damaged forest by pine wilt disease has been regarded as a serious social issue. Damages by pine wilt disease have been spreaded by natural area expansion of the vectors in the damaged area, while the national wide damage spread has induced by human-involved carrying infected trees out of damaged area. In this study, damaged trees were detected and located on the digital map by aerial photograph and terrestrial surveys. The spatial distribution pattern of damaged trees, and the relationship of spatial distribution of damaged trees and some geomorphological factors were geostatistically analysed. Finally, we maked natural spread pattern map of pine wilt disease using geostatistical CART(Classification and Regression Trees) model. This study verified that geostatistical analysis and CART model are useful tools for understanding spatial distribution and natural spread pattern of pine wilt diseases.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

MODIS LAI product has been one of key variable for analyzing the quantitative aspects of terrestrial ecology at global scale. This study was designed to validate MODIS global LAI product for regional application. To examine the quality of MODIS LAI data, we developed a reference LAI surface that was derived by relating the ground LAI measurements to Landsat ETM+ reflectance. The study area, the Kwangneung Experiment Forest in Korea, covers mixed deciduous and coniferous species of temperate forest. Ground measurements of LAI were conducted at 30 sample plots by using a photo-optical instrument during the growing season of 2002. Ground measured LAI data were then related to the ETM+ reflectance to produce a continuous map of LAI surface over the study area. From the comparison between the MODIS LAI and the reference LAI, it was found that the MODIS LAI values were slightly higher at the forestland. Considering the limitations of producing the reference LAI surface and the uncertainty of the input variable for the MODIS LAI algorithm, such small discrepancy mal not be significant.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.694-709
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• 2021

Purpose: In this study, earthquake-induced landslide risk assessment was conducted to provide basic data for efficient and preemptive damage prevention by selecting the erosion control work before the earthquake and the prediction and restoration priorities of the damaged area after the earthquake. Method: The study analyzed the previous studies abroad to examine the evaluation methodology and to derive the evaluation factors, and examine the utilization of the landslide hazard map currently used in Korea. In addition, the earthquake-induced landslide hazard map was also established on a pilot basis based on the fault zone and epicenter of Pohang using seismic attenuation. Result: The earthquake-induced landslide risk assessment study showed that China ranked 44%, Italy 16%, the U.S. 15%, Japan 10%, and Taiwan 8%. As for the evaluation method, the statistical model was the most common at 59%, and the physical model was found at 23%. The factors frequently used in the statistical model were altitude, distance from the fault, gradient, slope aspect, country rock, and topographic curvature. Since Korea's landslide hazard map reflects topography, geology, and forest floor conditions, it has been shown that it is reasonable to evaluate the risk of earthquake-induced landslides using it. As a result of evaluating the risk of landslides based on the fault zone and epicenter in the Pohang area, the risk grade was changed to reflect the impact of the earthquake. Conclusion: It is effective to use the landslide hazard map to evaluate the risk of earthquake-induced landslides at the regional scale. The risk map based on the fault zone is effective when used in the selection of a target site for preventive erosion control work to prevent damage from earthquake-induced landslides. In addition, the risk map based on the epicenter can be used for efficient follow-up management in order to prioritize damage prevention measures, such as to investigate the current status of landslide damage after an earthquake, or to restore the damaged area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.101-114
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• 2001

This study analyzed and examined literature and legislation in Korean and other countries to examine the concept and sense of mapping of forest functions that would be used as basic information for efficient application and management of forest ecosystems. The mapping of forest functions in Germany has been utilized to field data for efficient work and management of the ecosystem, and evaluation of forest environmental ecology by the mapping of forest functions has been applied directly or indirectly in country management plans, conservation of nature and landscape management plans. Forest protection areas in Korea were analysed for creating a map of forest functions. As the results, forest functions could be sorted into five categories, such as conservation area of forest production, prevention of disasters, landscape and abiological natural resource, valuable biotope and ecosystem and civil recreation. The mapping method was applied to these 5 categories important conservation targets. It is considered that mapping of forest functions in Korea can be used for systematic forest works and efficient ecosystem utilization and management, as well as it use basic data for environmental and ecological comprehension and evaluation on forest and green tract of land on the level of country development and utilization.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_2
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• pp.785-798
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• 2023

Recently, forest fires have become frequent due to climate change, and the size of forest fires is also increasing. Forest fires in Korea continue to cause more than 100 ha of forest fire damage every year. It was found that 90% of the large-scale wildfires that occurred in Gangwon-do over the past five years were concentrated in the east coast area. The east coast area has a climate vulnerable to forest fires such as dry air and intermediate wind, and forest conditions of coniferous forests. In this regard, studies related to various forest fire analysis, such as predicting the risk of forest fires and calculating the risk of forest fires, are being promoted. There are many studies related to risk analysis for forest areas in consideration of weather and forest-related factors, but studies that have conducted risk analysis for forest-friendly areas are still insufficient. Management of forest adjacent areas is important for the protection of human life and property. Forest-adjacent houses and facilities are greatly threatened by forest fires. Therefore, in this study, a grid-based forest fire-related disaster risk map was created using factors affected by forest-neighboring areas using national branch numbers, and differences in risk ratings were compared for forest areas and areas adjacent to forests based on Gangneung forest fire cases.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.44-55
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• 2018

The importance of establishing a greenhouse gas inventory is emerging for policymaking and its implementation to cope with climate change. Thus, it is needed to establish Approach 3 level Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) matrix that is spatially explicit regarding land use classifications and changes. In this study, four types of spatial information suitable for establishing the LULUCF matrix were analyzed - Cadastral Map, Land Cover Map, Forest Map, and Biotope Map. This research analyzed the classification properties of each type of spatial information and compared the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the maps in Boryeong city. Drawn from the conclusions of the quantitative comparison, the forest area showed the maximum difference of 50.42% ($303.79km^2$) in the forest map and 46.09%($276.65km^2$) in the cadastral map. The qualitative comparison drew five qualitative characteristics: data construction scope difference, data construction purpose difference, classification standard difference, and classification item difference. As a result of the study, it was evident that the biotope map was the most appropriate spatial information for the establishment of the LULUCF matrix. In addition, if the LULUCF matrix is made by integrating the biotope, the forest map, and the land cover map, the limitations of each spatial information would be improved. The accuracy of the LULUCF matrix is expected to be improved when the map of the level-3 land cover map and the biotope map of 1:5,000 covering the whole country are completed.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.445-452
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• 2006

The number of species and forest area has decreased as urbanization is progressed. The landscape degradation was examined by analyzing vegetation map, satellite image and characteristics of actual vegetation. The study was conducted in Mt. Baekja and its surroundings located on Gyeongsan city, southeastern Korea. As the result of landscape analysis, agricultural field was a characteristic attribute of the study area. Lowlands of this study area were occupied by agricultural field and various plantations. For 15 years from 1987 to 2002, forest area decreased from 2,072.9 ha to 1,853.2 ha, and shape index and fractal dimension of vegetation patches increased from 1.32 to 1.65 and from 1.05 to 1.09, respectively. Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucco. community showed the highest species diversity, whereas Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere community showed the lowest species abundance. As forest management implications, monitoring of endangered plant species (Jeffersonia dubia (Maxim.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Baker & S.Moore), and restoration of lowland forest from plantation to natural forest were discussed. Further, establishment of greenways utilizing existing streams, roadside, and public facilities were recommended.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2013

The greenhouse gas emission according to the energy consumption is the cause of global warming. With various climates, it is occurs the direct problems to ecosystem. The various studies are being to reduce the carbon dioxide, which accounts for more than 80% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, estimate the carbon usage using potential biomass extracted from forest type map according to land-use by satellite image, and estimate the amount of carbon dioxide, according to the energy consumption of urban area. The $CO_2$ adsorption is extracted by the amount of forest based on the direct absorption of tree, the other used investigated value. The $CO_2$ emission in Jecheon was 3,985,900 $TCO_2$ by energy consumption. At the land cover classification, the forest is analyzed as 624,085ha and the farmland is 148,700ha. The carbon dioxide absorption was estimated at 1,834,850 Tons from analyzed forest. In case of farmland, it was also estimated at 706,658 Tons.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.311-318
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• 1997

On April 27,1993, a forest fire occurred in Morito-area, Manba-city, Gunma-prefecture Japan. Under the prevailing strong winds, the fire spread and extended to the largest scale ever in Gunma-prefecture. The author chartered a helicopter on May 5, one week after the fire was extinguished, and took aerial photos of tile damaged area, and investigated the condition. of the fire through field survey and data collection. The burnt area extended. over about 100 hectares, and the damage amounted to about 190 million yen (about two million dollar). The fire occurred at a steep mountainous area and under strong winds, therefore, md and topography strongly facilitated the spreading, It is the purpose of this paper to report a damage investigation of the fire and to develop the forecasting method of forest fires based on the topographical analysis and spreading speed of fire. In the first place, I analyze the topographical structure of the regions which became the bject of this study with some topographical factors, and construct a land form classification ap. Secondly, I decide the dangerous condition of each region in the land form classification map according to the direction of the wind and spreading speed of f'kre. In the present paper, I try to forecast forest fires in Morito area, and the basic results for the forecasting method of forest fires were obtained with the topographical classification system and spreading speed of fire.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.94-106
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• 2008

As populations inhabiting in natural ecosystem are fragmented by artificial barriers and habitats are destructed by development, extinction possibility of species is getting higher. It is necessary to design and to manage conservation areas and corridors considering animals' movement and migration for sustainable species diversity in present circumstances. 'Least-cost modeling' is one commonly employed approach in which dispersal costs are assigned to distinct habitat types and the last-costly dispersal paths among habitat patches are calculated using a geographical information system (GIS). This study aims to design ecological corridor using least-cost path method and to apply it to a regional ecological network considering movability of medium-large size mammals. This study was carried out over the metropolitan area, which has been deforested by rapid urbanization. Nevertheless there is connected with Gangwon province, Baekdudaegan mountain range and DMZ, considered where many forest species can migrate to this region. This study employs such an approach to develop least-cost path models for medium-large size mammals, have inhabited for this entire region. Considering those species, two forest areas as a source of species supply and forest areas more than 1,000ha are selected as focal forest areas. Movement and migration paths from species supply sources to focal forest areas are calculated by applying landscape permeability theory using land cover map, road density map and land slope map. Results showed least-cost paths from species supply sources to focal forest areas on two species. Wildcat and roe deer are different in some least-cost paths caused by their landscape permeability but paths show generally same specifics. The result of considering regional distribution of expected movement and migration paths to regional ecological network, low altitude mountains of western metropolitan area are evaluated important area for species connectivity. In national or regional levels ecological connectivity is essential to promote species diversity and to preserve integrated ecosystem. This study concludes that developing least-cost models from similar empirical data could significantly improve the utility of these tools.