• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1988

Secondary schools in Korea have been faced with several critical problems in their science education. Among them the most fundamental are the problems which involve the development and operation of science curricula. This study had, therefore, its objective to develop the suggestions for sabstantial science curricula of secondary schools. Actually the objectives are trifold as following specific description. ${\circ}$Analysis of the rationale and theory of science curricula. ${\circ}$Status survey of secondary science curricula and identification of the problems in development and operation of the curriculum in foreign and Korean secondary schools. ${\circ}$Development of suggestions for substantial science curriculam of secondary school. In order to attain these objectives the methods of literauare survey. questionaire and interview were used. Through these methods several problems are found and identified. The major findings and problems identified in this study are: ${\circ}$aims, goals, and objectives of science education are not dfferentiated. ${\circ}$the curricula show discipline-centered seleetion and organization of the content:neglect the relationship of science-technology-society and life-world context. ${\circ}$shortage of weekly instructional hours for science subjects. Other findings and problems are described and the descriptions of the suggestions for substantial curricula are followed at the end of this paper.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2008

Purpose: The performance of rhinoplasty on the patient who has already undergone unsatisfactory results or complications after augmentation rhinoplasty is a challenging surgical problem. Because the dead space is remained after removal of the foreign body and the thickness of the skin is not even, the deformity would be more conspicuous if the nose is reconstructed again with hard implant only or autogenous cartilage. In these cases, the autogenous fascia can be used to get a good result. We present our clinical experience of secondary rhinoplasty using Scarpa's fascia of lower abdomen. Methods: Thirty-two patients underwent the procedure from March of 2002 to February of 2007. Nine patients were reconstructed with Scarpa's fascia only, eighteen patients were reconstructed with silicone implant and fascia, and five patients were reconstructed with cartilage and fascia for secondary rhinoplasty. Results: There were no major complications. Most of the patients were satisfied with the results. The deviation of the silicone implant and postoperative hypertrophic scar of the donor site were seen in one case each. Postoperative absorption of fascia were seen in two cases using Scarpa's fascia only. Conclusion: Secondary rhinoplasty using Scarpa's fascia is very useful method which offers a minimized donor site scar, low complication rate, shorter operation time and patient satisfaction and prevents the alopecia caused by the harvest of temporalis fascia.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-106
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• 2012

This paper examines the role of extensive reading in foreign language learning classrooms. The effects of extensive reading are shown both positive and negative as in Krashen (1999) and Spada (1997), particularly researches done in classroom setting. Extensive reading is hard to implement in foreign language classrooms due to the stringent school curricula despite its benefits in cognitive and affective domain of learners. This study searched 21 papers from research database on extensive reading researches in a classroom setting and synthesized 55 cognitive effects and 11 affective effects from these papers under investigation in a manner of quantifying their means and standard deviations to derive generalizations. Research synthesis in this manner has secured its own status of scientific investigation by providing secondary researchers with replicable methods that produce verifiable findings. The syntheses of researches show that extensive reading is effective in both literacy skills and other language skills such as listening and writing. It also shows positive effects across different age groups, but the effect sizes are different in that elementary and adults gained more positive effects than middle and high school students.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.3-8
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• 2001

The mineral industry of the United States is going through a challenging time. The US as an industrial nation faces with increasing demand in raw materials to fuel various industrial sectors but, at the same time, meeting environmental constraints associated with excavating and extracting these raw materials. In addition, gradual depletion of material resources. and the necessity of handling more complex forms of resources of primary origin have led to a decline in her resource productivity, once a strategic advantage of the U.S. As a result. the United States currently relies heavily upon foreign importation of various materials such as precious and strategic metals. However, since the US is the major consumer of most of these materials, the recovery of these values from scrap would help renew her position as a resource-producing nation, and ultimately help spur its domestic economy. Furthermore. recycling would also help maintain a clean environment and reduce energy consumption. In this paper. the author attempts to discuss opportunities and challenges lied ahead of the US mineral in relation to recovering their much-needed resources from secondary sources. The need and demand in various metals in the US will be reviewed and discussed. The implication of resource recovery from secondary sources will also be discussed. Extraction methods treating secondary sources are inherently different from those for primary sources. There is a need for new technologies which are metallurgically efficient and environmentally benign in treating secondary sources. Ways to meet such a need will be examined and key factors to be considered in approaching these challenges will be discussed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.1417-1421
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• 2002

저자들은 척추 측만증과 보행장애를 주소로 입원한 9세된 남아에서 단순 방사선 검사 및 복부 CT 검사에서 13 cm 길이의 나무연필에 의한 2차적인 척추 측만증 증례를 경험하였으며 아울러 요즘 사회적인 문제로 대두되는 학교집단폭행이나 학대에 의한 가능성이 높은 것으로 추정되어 이에 대한 심각성을 실감하게 되어 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.345-361
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• 2019

In recent years, Chinese firms have explosively increased outward foreign direct investment (oFDI). While state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are still dominant in Chinese oFDI, privately-owned enterprises (POEs) are also accelerating their internationalization. These two types of Chinese firms differ in their behavior regarding oFDI. The objective of this paper is to analyze the differences in the choice of oFDI locations between Chinese SOEs and POEs by considering host country factors. By integrating the literature on Chinese firms' oFDI and on FDI locations, we developed six hypotheses concerning how host country factors affect their choice of location. We tested our hypotheses by conducting multiple regression analysis with recent secondary data on 413 Chinese MNEs in 88 countries between 2005 and 2016. The results of the test show that in selecting oFDI locations, Chinese SOEs invest relatively more in countries with richer natural resources, more abundant strategic assets, less production efficiency, higher political risk, and lower institutional quality compared with Chinese POEs. It is our hope that the empirical results of this paper will contribute to research on Chinese oFDI.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.353-363
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• 2007

To differentiate temperature effect from the light intensity effect on the formation of secondary products during the photooxidation of toluene-$NO_x$-air mixtures, steady-state air temperature was changed from $20^{\circ}C\;to\;33^{\circ}C$ at the same light intensity of $0.39min^{-1}$ in an indoor smog chamber. Smog chamber consisted of 64 blacklights and a $5.8m^3$ reaction bag made of Teflon film. Air temperature was controlled by an air-conditioning system. The starting time for rapid conversion of NO to $NO_2$ was slightly delayed with decreasing air temperature. In contrast to light intensity effect, the ozone formation time and the ozone production rate were insensitive to air temperature. Although the formation time for secondary organic aerosols was not changed, the particle number concentration increased with temperature. However, the newly formed secondary organic aerosol mass at lower temperature was higher than that at higher temperature. Since light intensity significantly affected the starting time and quantity of ozone and aerosol formation, it is considered that the temperature could contribute partly the quantity of aerosol formation during the photooxidation of toluene-$NO_x$-air mixtures.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.305-323
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• 2005

To reveal secondary teachers' in-service education needs, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 individual teachers based on semi-structured questions and qualitative data analysis procedures were adopted. They wanted to have; a. more knowledge of one's subject, subject related information, culture and common sense, counseling psychology, foreign language, and the 7th curriculum, b. better skills of student-centered teaching-learning methods, guidance and class management, good use of computers, and educational evaluation, c. improved attitudes regarding democratic problem solution processes, conversation with and service to students from their viewpoints, commitment to preparations for teaching, educational innovation and improvement, elimination of improperness, and pride of teaching job.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.139-157
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• 2006

As the Communicative Approach has become the norm in foreign language teaching, the objectives of teaching English in school have changed radically in Korea. The focus in high school English textbooks has shifted from mere mastery of structures to communicative proficiency. This paper will study five polysemous words which appear in twelve high school English textbooks used in Korea. The twelve text books are incorporated into a single corpus and analyzed to classify the usage of the selected words. Then the usage of each word was compared with that of three other corpora based sources: the BNC(British National Corpus) Sampler, ICE Singapore(International Corpus of English for Singapore) and Collins COBUILD learner's dictionary which is based on the corpus, "The Bank of English". The comparisons carried out as part of this study will demonstrate that Korean text books do not always supply the full range of meanings of polysemous words.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.887-921
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• 2009

인류 문명의 발달과 함께 폭넓게 활용된 수학적 내용 중의 하나가 피타고라스 정리이다. 특히, 이집트, 메소포타미아, 중국과 같은 고대 문명의 발생지에서 발굴되는 많은 역사적 기록 속에서 피타고라스 정리에 대한 내용을 찾아 볼 수 있다. 피타고라스 정리는 중등학교 수학교육에서 매우 중요한 정리로써, 정리 내용 자체뿐만 아니라 다양한 증명 방법과 증명 과정에 내재된 수학적 아이디어는 수학 교육학적 측면에서 큰 의미를 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 먼저 피타고라스 정리의 390여 가지의 알려진 증명 방법들을 중심으로 하여, 피타고라스 정리의 다양한 증명 방법들에 대한 분석을 한다. 분석된 결과를 바탕으로 각 증명 방법들에 대한 핵심 아이디어, 선수학습개념, 주요 아이디어들을 알아보고 내재된 수학교육학적 아이디어를 분석할 것이다.