• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2016

This study examines whether Korean rating agencies such as Korea Investors Service (KIS), National Information & Credit Evaluation (NICE), and Korea Ratings Corporation (KR), incorporate corporate governance into their corporate bond ratings in Korea. We find that the Korean rating agencies assign higher ratings to the bonds issued by Chaebol (Korean business group) affiliated firms. Our results also indicate that those rating agencies give higher ratings to the bonds with greater foreign investor share ownership. Moreover, if the rating agencies value corporate governance, higher rated firms should issue bonds at lower yield to maturity. We discover that Chaebol affiliation is counted favorably by the rating agencies. We find that investors are willing to pay lower risk premium for bonds with higher institutional ownership, but higher risk premium to bonds with greater equity ownership in the form of depository receipts. Therefore, even if the rating agencies and investors in Korea consider corporate governance (Chaebol affiliation and ownership structure) an important determinant in bond ratings and the yields to maturity, they have opposite views on institutional ownership and share ownership in the form of depository receipts.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2020

Earnings management behavior is the use of accounting procedures, through accounting policies, to intentionally purposeful control in the provision of information to users. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between ownership structure factors and earnings management behavior of 30 Vietnamese commercial banks. The paper uses the ordinary least square method to examine this relationship and employs time series data of 15 years from 2005 to 2019. The study also uses agency theory an asymmetric information theory. The authors examined six independent variables related to the ownership structure and these variables are typical of Vietnamese commercial banks. The results of the study show that the foreign ownership ratio is an opposite effect, while the ownership concentration variable has a positive effect on earnings management behavior of Vietnamese commercial banks. Based on that, the article proposes a number of policy suggestions for the State bank of Vietnam and Board of directors of commercial banks as well as investors to identify and to limit the earnings management behaviors of Vietnamese commercial banks. This contributes to ensuring information transparency as well as improving the quality of accounting information of Vietnamese commercial banks in the coming years.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2020

The research objective of the paper is to clarify the factors influencing system risks of listed companies in Vietnam, with a focus on clarifying the relationship and quantifying the impacts of ownership structure on systemic risk of listed companies. The data used in this study included financial statements and stock price data of listed companies on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange and Hanoi Stock Exchange of Vietnam stock market in the period from 2010 to 2017. The paper used the method of estimation in establising the regression models to choose among three models: Random Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model or Pooled OLS for regression using Stata statistical software. The research results showed that state ownership and ownership by foreign investors were positively related to systemic risk, while ownership by domestic investors had a reverse relationship with systemic risk of listed companies in Vietnam. In addition, as a control variable, both company size and profitability had an effect on the systemic risk of listed companies in the research sample. Based on the research results, the authors interpreted some of the implications in order to minimize systemic risks in the operation of listed companies in Vietnam.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2021

Accounting information disclosure by enterprises is important for third-party entities (suppliers, creditors, banks, regulators, etc.). Voluntary accounting information disclosure (VAID) refers to additional information related to business activities shown on the annual report above and beyond the required information about business results and financial position as well as cash flow. This supports the stakeholders gaining useful information to make proper business decisions. The article examines the influence of ownership structure on the voluntary accounting information disclosure of the top 100 Vietnamese listed companies (VN100). Data collected by authors on regular annual reports totaled 425 observations from 2015 to 2019. The article uses OLS to test multivariate regression models with time-series data. The research results show that there are three variables affecting voluntary accounting information disclosure, of which foreign ownership and institution ownership have a positive impact, while concentration ownership has an opposite impact. Accordingly, the managers of VN100 should raise awareness in order to demonstrate the obligation of information providers to users to ensure clarity and completeness. The state agencies should encourage VN100 to enhance voluntary accounting information disclosure. This contributes to improve the information level of Vietnamese listed companies to embrace the trend of international economic integration.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.795-807
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• 2020

The more liquid the capital market, the more attractive it will be for investors to place their money in the capital market. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence stock liquidity of manufacturing sector companies listed on the stock exchange in Indonesia. The independent variables used in this study are forward-looking information disclosure, institutional ownership, foreign ownership, and board activity with information asymmetry as an intervening variable and stock liquidity as the dependent variable. The population of this study is manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange (IDX). Samples are selected based on the random sampling method, and the number of samples is calculated based on the Slovin formula. The sample was 59 manufacturers, and data was annual reports (for 2 years) and stock transactions from 2016 to 2017. The results of the study showed that forward-looking information disclosure had a significant effect on information asymmetry. Information asymmetry and foreign ownership have a significant impact on stock liquidity, whereas information asymmetry mediates the relationship between forward-looking disclosures and stock liquidity. Furthermore, the accuracy of information about the certainty of business activity both now and in the future can instill confidence in stakeholders in interacting and cooperating.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2019

This study identified types of online retail internationalization in the fast-fashion context and proposed driving factors of retailers' choices in online-based market entry following the logic of the Uppsala model and the eclectic theory. In particular, this study proposes three types of online-based internationalization: 1) entering a host market with a physical store first, and then expanding with an online store, 2) entering a foreign market with an online store, then expanding to physical stores, and 3) entering only with an online business. In addition, this study investigated the causal factors, ownership-specific and location advantages, that influence the choice of the type of developmental process of online-based internationalization. To develop theoretical and managerial insights into the issue researched, this study employed a qualitative research design involving case studies of three European fast-fashion retailers, H&M, TOPSHOP, and ASOS. This study suggested that fast-fashion retailers that enter a host market with high ownership-specific advantages are likely to choose to enter the market with physical stores and then expand with online stores. On the other hand, when faced with uncertainties attributable to low ownership-specific or location advantages, fast-fashion retailers are likely to choose to enter with an online store first and then expand with physical stores as conditions change. Consequently, this study provides a better understanding for fast-fashion retailers who are willing to expand their businesses to foreign markets via online stores.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.470-475
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• 2021

본 연구는 외국은행에서의 은행 서비스 업무 자동화가 은행 고용에 미치는 영향에 관하여 국내 은행과 어떠한 차이를 가지는 지를 분석하였다. 외국은행은 은행 자동화기기 확대에 따라 인력 구조조정 측면에서 국내은행과 유의한 차이를 보였다. 외국은행은 은행 서비스 업무 자동화에 따라 비정규직 뿐 아니라 정규직에서도 인력 구조조정을 추진할 가능성을 보인 반면, 국내은행은 은행 서비스 업무 자동화에 따라 비정규직 인력에서 구조조정 발생 가능성을 보이는데 그쳤다. 외국은행은 책임자급이상 정규직을 중심으로 인력 구조조정 가능성을 보였다는 점에서 국내은행과 유의한 차이를 보였다. 외국은행은 책임자급이하 정규직 또는 비정규직에서는 국내은행과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구는 은행 서비스 업무 자동화와 인력 구조조정 측면에서 외국은행이 국내은행과 차이를 보인다는 점을 제시함으로써 기존연구와 차별성이 있다. 또한 본 연구는 은행산업의 고용 정책, 은행 업무의 자동화, 외국은행의 차별적 경영전략 등에 대해 정책당국에 유의미한 시사점을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2022

This study investigates whether foreign investors' behavior is involved in firm-specific investor sentiment. Because the mixed role of foreign investors on investor sentiment formation seems to exist in the Korean stock market, it needs to examine the moderate or incremental effect of foreign investors on the stock price crash risk which is due to investor sentiment. The analysis results using Korea Stock Exchanges - listed firms for the period of 2011-2019 show the increased future stock price crash risk which is attributable to high investor sentiment is mitigated for firms with the high foreign ownership, indicating the moderate effect. This study expands the literature on the foreign investors' behavior in the Korean stock market, by showing foreign investors are not involved in firm-specific investor sentiment, which improves market's efficiency in the Korean stock market. Also, the paper is valuable to the academic and practice field in that the findings shed light on the foreign investors' mitigating role in stock price crashes in the behavioral finance perspective.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.71-97
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• 2015

This study examines the effects of several factors indicating economic openness-imported intermediate goods, total imports, IFDI (inward foreign direct investment), and foreign ownership-on regular, irregular jobs and the ratio of irregular employment to regular employment. Findings revealed that imported intermediate inputs and IFDI affected neither regular nor irregular job figures. However, an increase in total imports led to a decrease in the number of irregular jobs without affecting regular full time jobs, leading to a decrease in the ratio of irregular jobs to regular jobs. On the other hand, changes in foreign ownership structure had a contrary effect, that is, a decrease in the number of regular jobs and an increase in irregular ones, and, thus, an increase in the ratio of irregular jobs to regular jobs. Overall results showed that a rise in imports results in depressed overall employment, irregular employment in particular, while more IFDI results in more irregular jobs replacing regular ones, effectively exacerbating job insecurity. The implication of this analysis is that greater economic openness may have a negative impact on the South Korean labor market overall.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2021

본 연구는 여성 고용이 양성평등을 측정하고 실현하는 데 있어 중요한 지표라는 인식을 기반으로 제조업의 기업특성이 여성고용비율에 미치는 영향을 고용 형태별로 살펴보았다. 2011년부터 2019년까지 유가증권시장(KOSPI)에 상장된 제조업 중 재무 자료 이용이 가능한 5,729개 기업을 대상으로 기업 규모, 상장 기간, 외국인 지분율과 정규직, 무기 계약직, 기간제, 전체 직원 수에서 여성이 차지하는 비율, 전체 여성고용비율 중 기간제 여성비율의 관계에 대해 세 가지 가설을 검증하였다. 분석 결과 대부분의 고용 형태에서 가설이 채택되었다. 기업규모와 외국인지분율이 증가할수록 정규직과 무기계약직, 기간제, 전체 직원 수에서의 여성고용비율이 증가함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 상장기간이 길어질수록 무기계약직, 기간제, 전체 직원 수에서 여성고용비율이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 기업의 객관적 재무자료를 토대로 여성고용비율에 영향을 미치는 기업 특성을 규명함으로써 적극적 고용개선조치 등 양성 평등한 고용 정책을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.