• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2020

Companies are seeking to maximize profits through exports and imports in the ultra-fast, ultra-high-speed modern society. It is only possible to sustain its survival if it targets the global market, not based on any specific region. The K-POP group is also targeting overseas markets in a manner similar to the various global strategies used when companies make inroads into foreign markets, including exports, contracts and direct investment. The K-POP group is engaged in various forms of activities, ranging from simple forms of performance (export) that are visited and staged by an invitation from a certain foreign country to series performances (license) by an invitation from a local promoter and tour performances using its capabilities. The K-POP group is seeking to go beyond the art of single-stage performances and make a systematic plan and make inroads into foreign countries in the form of direct investment suitable for each foreign country. The K-POP group made inroads into overseas markets in the form of simple performances from the late 1990s to 2005, when 'Korean Wave' was first introduced. Group H.O.T., etc. are typical examples. Since then, it has sought to enter overseas markets in the form of franchises by accepting overseas members by 2018, starting with Super Junior in 2005. Since then, the K-POP group in the form of joint investment attempted as group IZ*ONE in 2018 appeared, and a voice story came out in September 2018 when South Korea's JYP Entertainment and Tencent of China joined forces. Unlike K-POP Group, which has entered foreign markets with a global strategy based on the existing export method (H.O.T.), 'Boystory' is a representative group that is made with joint investment, which is a direct investment method. In February 2020, RBW released 'D1Verse,' a five-member group selected by Vietnam's reality show, as a joint investment-type group. This shows the possibility that domestic and foreign companies will release a group in the form of joint investment in order to pursue both globalization and localization.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.47-67
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine factors of FDI inflows which positively influence economic development. While MNCs ultimately decide on which country to engage in FDI, it can be affected by the general investment environment of host countries. Thus, it may be closely linked to national macro socio-economic factors. In the fixed-effect panel regression analysis using 30 years of data of 13 developed countries and 15 developing countries, results indicate that labor redemption exerts the greatest influence on global FDI inflows; this implies that FDI decisions are based on locations featuring higher productivity by the reduction of labor costs. According to the level of economic development, the motive of FDI inflows differs. In developed countries, GDP, government expenditure and consumer expenditure exert the greatest influence on FDI inflows; which shows characteristics of market seeking and horizontal investment. However, in developing countries, labor redemption and human capital exert the greatest influence on FDI inflows; which shows characteristics of efficiency seeking and vertical investment.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.121-147
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• 2001

This paper analyzed the R&D activities of foreign companies in Korea. A survey was conducted using questionnaires along with the field interviews. The survey results show that some foreign companies in Korea actively carry out R&D indicating that Korea is becoming a R&D location for the multinational companies. It also shows the wide differences by industries, corporate size, foreign equity ratio, and home country of mother companies. It is suggested that Korean government should utilize the inward foreign direct investment to strengthen the national innovation system of Korea. Various policy measures were recommended to encourage foreign companies to have easier access to domestic R&D resources, carry out R&D activities, and interact with domestic R&D actors. It is also argued that it is necessary to eliminate negative environmental barriers perceived by foreign companies.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.195-221
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• 1994

This study investigates the wealth effect of foreign acquisition of U.S. based firms. Contrary to previous studies, this analysis demonstrates that after appropriate control of domestic-acquired targets, the wealth gains to the shareholders of targets in foreign takeovers are similar to those in domestic takeovers. This paper investigates the validity of the competitive acquisition market in cross-border takeovers and concludes that : 1) in cases of inward foreign direct investment into the U.S., foreign firms do not realize significant net benefits from acquisitions; and 2) the foreign acquirer is as well informed as its U.S, counterparts about the target's market. The results of this study are consistent with the view that each country has different motivations for investing in the U.S. market. Consider, for example, Japan. The evidence suggests that Japanese companies pay a considerable price for U.S. targets which have performed poorly before the takeover. While there is no specific rationale to explain why Japanese firms buy the most volatile and worst performing firms, international barriers may provide a possible reason for these anomalies. Overall, the evidence of this paper supports the view that foreign takeovers occur in a competitive acquisition market.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.73-88
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• 2000

As the globalization of world market proceeds, the importance of foreign direct investment grows bigger than before A comparative analysis on foreign direct investments among developed and developing countries makes clear that every county has different incentives for foreign direct investments. This implies a country should improve environments on her appropriate field, to induce foreign direct investments, The openness of other capital markets such as bank loans and portfolio investments turns out to have no direct effects on the foreign direct investments.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.115-130
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper examines the impact of labor market regulations on FDI and the production of foreign firms. Design/methodology - We use an index of employment protection along with data on the FDI and production of foreign affiliates that are provided by the OECD. Findings - The empirical results show that strict employment protection discourages both the production and initial entry of foreign firms, with its impact on production being larger than that on the initial entry decision. The result is robust to various specifications in which instrumental variable estimations are used by applying a unionization rate and a severance pay for redundancy dismissal as instruments, respectively. Therefore, policymakers should not limit their focus to tax incentives, cash grants, and relaxation of market regulations, but they should also extend their attention to labor market deregulation and decreasing non-wage cost to attract more foreign firms into their countries. Originality/value - This paper attempts to answer the question on the impact of employment protection rules on the foreign firm's decisions regarding production as well as initial entry.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.157-181
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• 2007

The commercial relationship between South and North Korea is defined under the concept of economic relation and cooperation. To resolve any dispute that can arise from the trade and investment relations between South and North Korea, 'Agreement on the Procedures to Resolve Commercial Arbitration of South-North Korea' came into force in August 2003. Commercial Arbitration Committee of South-North Korea will be organized as the member lists of the committee were exchanged in July 2006 between South and North Korea. This committee must become a central system to settle the trade and investment disputes between South and North Korea. North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act was enacted to provide the foreign investors with the safe measures in their investments such as dispute resolution. But this Act can not dispute the trade and investment disputes between South and North Korea. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the activation of arbitration between South and North Korea by studying Commercial Arbitration Committee of South-North Korea introduced by Agreement on the Procedures to Resolve Commercial Arbitration of South-North Korea and Agreement on the Construction and Operation of Commercial Arbitration Committee of South-North Korea and finding the problems and solutions of Commercial Arbitration Committee of South-North Korea.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-58
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• 2016

Despite the growing importance of corporate venture capital (CVC) in the venture capital market, little scholarly attention has been devoted to cross-border CVC investment. Venture firms perceive higher risks of technology leakage in cross-border CVC investment than they do in domestic CVC investment due to geographical and cultural disparity. Given that venture firms would not receive CVC investment in the presence of the partner uncertainty, we argue that the likelihood of cross-border CVC investment increases with the strength of intellectual property protection (IPP) regime, the investment timing (i.e. funding round number), and the industry unrelatedness with the corporate investor. Additionally, we investigate how the venture firm's complementary resource need interact with the partner uncertainty in decisions for cross-border CVC investment. By examining 2,873 CVC investment transactions in the period 1994-2009, we found supporting evidence for the strength of IPP regime and the industry unrelatedness in mitigating the partner uncertainty of foreign corporate investors. However, the effectiveness of these factors is moderated by the type of resources that the venture firms need from the foreign corporate investors.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.173-191
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• 2018

MFN provisions in investment agreements have been a tool for equitable treatment between foreign investors with different nationalities. This non discriminatory principle has been pursued by the host states for further investment promotion. However, it may be abused to bring the situation of so called "ISDS forum shopping" which might harm the stability and predictability of investment agreements by unexpectedly extending the scope of obligations. While some investment arbitral tribunals have interpreted the scope of MFN provision very broadly to allow the ISDS forum shopping, both procedural and substantive provisions have been invoked. To prevent any chaos of unclear boundary of MFN provision, some explicit MFN restrictions which would limit the scope of MFN provision are needed. Indeed, some investment agreements have included these MFN restrictions. Specifically, MFN restrictions deal with both procedural or substantive provisions to prevent ISDS forum shopping. According to the lessons from the recent examples of MFN restrictions, there must be a careful consideration on the benefits and costs of having a certain type of MFN restriction as the parties can be the host state and the home state of their investors at the same time.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.115-127
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• 2013

This paper provides an effective stock portfolio screening tool for socially responsible investment (SRI) based upon corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance. The proposed approach utilizes nonparametric frontier models. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been used to build SRI portfolios in a few previous works; however, we show that free disposal hull (FDH), a similar model that does not assume the convexity of the technology, yields superior results when applied to a stock universe of 253 Korean companies. Over a four-year time span (from 2006 to 2009) the portfolios selected by the proposed method consistently outperform those selected by DEA as well as the benchmark.