• 영어어문교육
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• 제1호
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• pp.129-157
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• 1995

I made a careful study of affective variables in foreign language learning Affective variables have not been adequately investigated in the study of second language acquisition. Egoism and inhibition are two egocentric factors which play important roles in foreign language learning. Three sociocultural variables. cultural factors, introversion / extroversion, and aggression may be keys to understanding the social nature of second language learning. And the emerging of cognition and affect in "cognitive styles", which vary within and among individuals, might account for varying degree of success in learning a second language. In the process of learning English. the students new to foreign language come to face the language barrier. though they express the deep interest and feel excited at the beginning stage. Of course, the several reasons can explain this fact. but more specially they can be explained in terms of such personal affective factors as age, aptitude, personality, and first of all, motivation. Also the socicultural factors between language and culture can be considered to the learner's aptitude toward the language. Affective factors of students are involved in personality. and personality and affective factors affect English learning. Affective variables of students affect the will to take part in English learning, and the rate of participation in English learning affect the fluency. If students feel inconvenience in English class, it is rarely that they run a risk. Students who do not run a risk in English class are short of spontaneous participation Consequently, it may have negative influence on the accuracy and the fluency of English. Therefore, teachers must be more influential in motivating students and specially attentive so that the students may not make the negative and inhibitive language learning attitude.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1067-1078
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• 2017

기존의 중국 유학생의 대학생활에 대한 연구는 한국에 재학 중인 중국유학생을 대상으로 설문 조사를 하였지만, 중국 유학생들은 한국 대학에 대하여 소속감과 대학에 대한 선입견을 가지고 있어서 객관성이 심히 우려된다. 이에 본 논문은 중국의 일반인을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 유학생 유치와 관련한 매체탐색을 수행하였다. 외국인 유학생 모두가 한국어에 능숙한 것은 아니다. 심지어 한국어 교육원에서 1년 이상의 교육을 이수하거나 한국어능력시험(TOPIK) 고급을 합격한 학생들조차, 일상생활에서 말하기와 학위를 취득하기에 어려움을 겪고 있었다. 본 연구결과에 의하면, 국내 대학들은 외국학생 유치를 위해서, 한국어능력이 부족한 외국인 유학생이 한국에서의 문화적응과 정보습득이 능숙하게 할 때까지, 그들의 모국어로 유학생활에 필요한 학업정보나 일상정보를 얻을 수 있도록 다국어가 지원되는 콘텐츠 서비스를 준비하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2003

With the rapid development of information and communication technology, a lot of multi-media learning programs are being developed and reported in the field of Emergency medicine both home and abroad. In this connection, this study was aimed at developing a foreign-body airway obstruction courseware in adults for EMT. The development period of CAI courseware lasted from May 2003 through November 2003. Among CAI courseware patterns, private instruction and repeat practice and simulation patterns were used as an instruction-learning strategy. The learning contents of the CAI courseware consisted of five chapters concerning (1) A relief of partial FBAO in the responsible victim, (2) A relief of complete FBAO in the responsible victim, (3) In case of unconsciousness in the responsible victim without removing all foreign body, (4) In case of consciousness in all victims after getting removed all foreign body and (5) A complete airway obstruction in victims without consciousness on the basis of assess responsiveness and the degree of airway obstruction. The way to use this courseware, with just a click on one specific chapter, was developed to proceed a course with progressive algorithm, a method of solving problems by choosing one between two situations. A characteristic of this CAI courseware is the enhanced efficiency of an instruction-learning method by providing an opportunity of choice based on situations in its effort to encourage learners to use a self-initiated learning method, not one-way method and to enhance problem solving skills among situations. Moreover, this courseware went through the diverse phases such as development, application, feedback in connection with learning process by practicing teachers, so that the courseware could be used frequently in the future. The contents of this courseware were written with the web, so that, if necessary, the contents could be continuously modified and complemented and handed out in the form of CD-ROM. This study indicates that the development of a variety of CAI courseware requires institutional and financial assistance and initiatives reflecting a reality in terms of learning process, technical assistance and resources.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.301-305
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• 1986

국내(여름제품12종, 겨울제품12종) 및 국외(미국4종, 일본8종, 덴마크2종)외 가정용 마아가린의 지방산 조성(賠紡酸 組成)을 GLC에 의해 분석비교(分析比較)하여 보았다. 국내산 마아가린의 주요구성지방산(主要構成脂肪酸)은 palmitic acid(16 : 0). stearic acid(18 : 0). oleic acid(18 : 1). linoleic acid(18 : 2), linolenic acid(18 : 3)로 외국산과 같았으며, P/S비는 겨울제품이 $0.40{\sim}1.74$, 여름제품이 $0.21{\sim}1.82$로 겨울제품의 부포화도(不胞和度)가 여름제품보다 높은 경향(傾向)이었다. 한편, 외국산 마아가린의 P/S비는 $0.82{\sim}2.91$ 이었고, 이 중(中) stick 형(型)과 soft형(型)의 P/S비는 각각 $0.82{\sim}2.59,\;0.90{\sim}2.67$로 비슷하였다. 특히, P/S비가 높은 마아가린은 PUFA형(型) 마아가린이었으며, 그 값은 2.91이었다. 국내마아가린이 외국산 마아가린에 비하여 P/S비가 낮은 경향을 보이고 있으나. 외국산 마이가린의 P/S비에 상당하는 제품도 다수 있었다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.161-174
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• 2012

본 연구는 제57회 백제문화제 방문객의 거주특성을 지역거주, 타 지역거주, 외국인집단으로 세분하여 제57회 백제문화제에 대한 축제 부문별 만족도, 전반적 만족도, 추천의도의 차이 및 영향관계를 분석하였다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 제57회 백제문화제 기간(2011.10.1.~10.9) 동안 지역거주 방문객 216부, 타 지역거주 방문객 342부, 외국인 방문객 116부로 총 674부의 유효 표본을 확보하였다. 통계분석 결과는 외국인 방문객과 내국인 방문객은 축제 부문별 만족도, 전반적 만족도, 추천의도가 차이가 있었고, 외국인 방문객의 만족도가 내국인 방문객보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 연구의 결과는 축제프로그램의 구성전략에서 집단별 차이를 반영하여 다양한 방문객들에게 양질의 경험을 제공하고자하는 축제 운영자를 비롯하여 관련 연구자에게 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2011

Purpose: The injection of various materials, including medical fillers and unregulated products, is widespread, potentially causing the development of foreign body granulomas. Should this occur on the nose, the contour deformity and inflammatory signs that result from these granulomas are aesthetically undesirable to patients. The purpose of our study is to share our experiences using different surgical approaches, depending on the affected portion of the nose, to optimize management of this challenging problem and to evaluate patient's satisfaction using our in-house questionnaire along with degree of improvement by two independent plastic surgeons. Methods: We treated 18 patients who underwent surgical excision of nasal foreign body granulomas via a perilesional approach to the lesion (n=12) or by transcolumellar incision (n=6) at our hospital over a period of seven years from March 2003 to October 2010. Nonparametric statistics were used and are presented as medians (25th-75th). Patient satisfaction was evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5 using an in-house questionnaire. All pre-and post-operative photographs were analyzed by two independent plastic surgeons. Post-operative outcomes were evaluated based on the surgeons' consensus ratings. Results: All patients receiving the transcolumellar approach reported a high level of satisfaction with the results. All but two patients who received the perilesional approach were satisfied with the outcome. No outcomes were rated as no change or worse by the consensus ratings. Conclusion: For the upper two-thirds of the nose, perilesional surgical excision can lead to substantial patient satisfaction with modified contour deformity and infection control. The transcolumellar approach resulted in better outcomes and patient satisfaction for the lower one-third of the nose.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.373-375
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• 2021

국어의 경우 교착어이기 때문에 영어와 같이 어절 토큰화를 통하여 태깅할 경우 발전 가능성이 영어 보다 낮은 편이다. KoNLPy를 통해 형태소 단위로 분리하여 코퍼스를 토큰화한 형태를 그래프 데이터 베이스로 표현이 되지만 해당 모듈을 그래프 데이터베이스에서 코퍼스로 변환 시 음성파일의 완전 분리 및 실용성에 대한 검증이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 Raspberry Pi에서 STT API를 활용한 형태소 표현을 나타내고 있다. 코퍼스로 변환된 음성 파일을 KoNLPy로 형태소 분석 후 태깅한다. 분석된 결과는 그래프 데이터베이스로 표현되며 형태소별로 나누어진 토큰으로 구분할 수 있음이 확인되었고, 실용성과 분리 정도를 판단하여 특정 목적성을 지닌 데이터 마이닝 추출이 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제39호
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• pp.73-86
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• 2000

This paper aims to research the influence of mother tongue (Polish) on the perception of a foreign language (Korean) i.e. how vowel sounds that are totally unfamiliar to the listeners are perceived, how the similar sounds are perceived and whether the perception differs according to the phonetic values of the neighbouring sounds. As a result, the degree of the influence of Ll on the vowels of L2 is different in each case and mostly depends on the familiarity of the vowel in question and on the articulatory similarities between the vowels in both languages. The results are as follows; The best perception was observed with Korean /i/ and /a/ (very similar places of articulation in both languages). The worst degree of perception was Korean /(equation omitted)/ that is very unfamiliar to Polish subjects. Vowels that are not so different from the Ll sounds were perceived fairly well. Another important result is that Polish listeners seem to be more sensitive to lip rounding than to the height of the tongue. The role of the neighbouring sounds seems to be of a considerable importance, Depending on the preceding vowel, a sudden drop or rise in the degree of the perception was observed.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2021

Let a and b be positive integers, and let V (G), ��(G), and ��2(G) be the vertex set of a graph G, the minimum degree of G, and the minimum degree sum of two non-adjacent vertices in V (G), respectively. An even [a, b]-factor of a graph G is a spanning subgraph H such that for every vertex v ∈ V (G), dH(v) is even and a ≤ dH(v) ≤ b, where dH(v) is the degree of v in H. Matsuda conjectured that if G is an n-vertex 2-edge-connected graph such that $n{\geq}2a+b+{\frac{a^2-3a}{b}}-2$, ��(G) ≥ a, and ${\sigma}_2(G){\geq}{\frac{2an}{a+b}}$, then G has an even [a, b]-factor. In this paper, we provide counterexamples, which are highly connected. Furthermore, we give sharp sufficient conditions for a graph to have an even [a, b]-factor. For even an, we conjecture a lower bound for the largest eigenvalue in an n-vertex graph to have an [a, b]-factor.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2011

It is very important for successful construction to estimate the soil volume conversion factor of domestic weathered ground accurately and reasonably. However, it is very difficult to quantify the weathering degree of weathered ground at the field, so that the soil volume conversion factor used in Korea is often dependent upon the standard of foreign countries. Besides, the soil volume conversion factor of domestic weathered ground has been rarely studied and the use and accuracy of the soil volume conversion factor have been questioned persistingly. This study suggests a simple but robust method for estimating the soil volume conversion factor and measuring the weathering degree reasonably, and attempts to establish the utilization of a soil volume conversion factor measurement system based on experimental and analytical results. We made relationship between electrical resistivity and weathering degree presented from weathering index obtained through laboratory tests using field samples, and an estimation method of in-situ weathering degree for granites and a calculation method of soil volume conversion factor using electrical resistivity. And also, we suggested the photogrametry measurement-equipment system for measuring the volume of cargo box and the application plan of stand equipment and RFID for calculating the earth volume and distinguishing buggies in order to design the measurement system for soil volume conversion factor applicable to the field. Ultimately, the Weathered Earth-work Management Program (WEMP) was developed, so field managers may easily obtain the information about earth volume and soil volume conversion factor at the weathered ground.