• Title/Summary/Keyword: Forage performance

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Comparison of Forage Performance of Introduced Vetch Cultivars and Korean Wild Vetch (자생 베치와 도입 베치의 생육특성과 건물수량 비교)

  • Shin, Chung-Nam;Ko, Ki-Hwan
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.223-228
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    • 2003
  • A field experiment was conducted to evaluate agronomic characteristics, and dry matter yield of Korean wild hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth), Korean wild woolly pod vetch(Vicia villosa ssp. dasycarpa(Ten.) Eav.), introduced hairy and woolly pod vetch cultivars from Japan, and Haymaker plus(woolly pod vetch) from Australia. Seeds were sown on 7 October 2000 at the Livestock Experiment Fm, Keimyung College, Seongju, Kyeongbuk. Vetch Plants were harvested on 19 May 2001. Cold tolerance for woolly pod vetch from Japan and Haymaker plus were lower than other cultivars. Dry matter content of the Haymaker Plus was higher than other cultivars. Fifty percent flowering was observed 16 April for Haymaker plus, 20 April fur woolly pod vetch from Japan, 22 April fur Korean wild hairy vetch( I ), 28 April fer Korean wild hairy vetch(II), 1 May for Korean wild hairy vetch(III), 5 May fur Korean wild woolly pod vetch, and 10 May for hairy vetch from Japan. Dry matter yield per hectar was significantly highest(P<0.05) for wild hairy vetch(III) and wild hairy vetch(II) was higher(P<0.05) than other cultivars. Dry matter yield Per hectar was higher(P<0.05) for Haymaker Plus and wild hairy vetch(I) than hairy vetch from Japan.

Performance Trial for Developing High - Yielding and Early Maturing Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Cultivar under Double Cropping System (2모작 작부체계 적응 다수성 및 조숙성 헤어리베치 품종 선발을 위한 생산력 검정)

  • Shin, Chung-Nam;Ko, Ki-Hwan
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.243-250
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    • 2011
  • This experiment was conducted to evaluate agronomic characteristics, forage quality and dry matter (DM) yield of early-maturing hairy vetch 'Cold green', 'Haymaker plus', 'Cappello' and medium-late maturing cultivar 'Cheong pa', 'Challenger', 'Hungvillosa' and 'Latigo' at Seongju in the Kyeongbuk from 2009 to 2011. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Hairy vetchs were seeded on Sep. 26 and Oct. 11 in 2009 and 2010. Vetch plants were harvested on 30 Apr. in 2010 and 2011. Cold tolerance for Haymaker plus and Cappello were a little lower than other cultivars. Fifty percent-flowering dates of Cold green had earlier than others and Haymaker plus and Cappello were earlier than Cheong pa, Challenger, Hungvillosa and Latigo. Cheong pa and Challenger were ealirer than Hungvillosa and Latigo. The DM yield of Cold green was the highest (p<0.05) of the cultivar except Haymaker plus. Haymaker plus was higher (p<0.05) than others and Cappello, Cheong pa, Challenger were higher (p<0.05) than Hungvillosa and Latigo in 2010. In 2011, the DM yield of Cold green was the highest (p<0.05) of the cultivar and Haymaker plus was higher (p<0.05) than others. Cappello was higher (p<0.05) than Hungvillosa and Latigo. Cheong pa and Challenger were higher (p<0.05) than Latigo. Vetch cultivar was high in crude protein (CP) and low in Acid detergent fiber (ADF). According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that early-maturing cultivar would be recommendable for fall sown vetch for DM production.

Effect of Grass Filter Strips on NO3-N in Runoff from Forage Cropland (사료작물 재배지에서 초지식생대를 이용한 NO3-N 저감효과에 관한 연구)

  • Jo, Nam-Chul;Kim, Won-Ho;Seo, Sung;Yoon, Sei-Hyung;Lee, Ki-Won;Choi, Ki-Choon;Jung, Min-Woong
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.51-57
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    • 2011
  • The performance of grass filter strips (GFS) in abating $NO_3$-N concentrations from the forage cropland was tested in an experiment on the 10% slope in Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA) from October 2007 to September 2009. Forage croplands with rye-corn double cropping system applied with chemical fertilizer and livestock manure (LM) were compared in a natural condition. The plots were hydrologically isolated in a randomized block layout of 3 treatments $\times$ 2 factors $\times$ 3 replicates. Main plots consisted of the length of GFS, such as 0 m, 5 m, 10m and 15m. Sub plots consisted of the type of LM, such as chemical fertilizer (CF), cattle manure (CM) and swine manure (SM). Dry matter yields of rye and corn increased significantly in order of CF > CM > SM (p<0.05). Concentrations of $NO_3$-N in surface runoff water were reduced as the length of GFS increased. Especially, GFS with 10 m and 15m reduced $NO_3$-N concentrations significantly compared to that with 0 m and 5 m (p<0.05). The results from this study suggest that GFS improved the removal and trapping of manure nutrients from forage croplands.

Effects of Boron Application on the Forage Traits in the Pure and Mixed Cultures of Orchardgrass and White Clover. III. Changes in the contents and yields of N-compounds(crude/pure protein and soluble N-compounds) in forages (Orchardgrass 및 White Clover의 단파 및 혼파재배에서 붕소의 시용이 목초의 여러 특성에 미치는 영향. III. 목초 중 질소화합물(조/순단백질 및 수용성 질소화합물)의 함량 및 수량 변화)

  • 정연규
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.169-178
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    • 2003
  • This pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of boron application($B_{0}$ ; control, $B_1$; 0.2, $B_2$; 2.0, B$_3$; 6.0, $B_4$; 15.0 boron me/pot) on the forage performance of pure and mixed cultures of orchardgrass and white clover. The third part was concerned with the changes in the contents and yields of nitrogen compounds(crude/pure protein and soluble N-compound) in forages. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. With no additional fertilization, especially nitrogen, in a pure culture, the $B_{0}$ and $B_4$ treatments on white clover decreased the amount of crude/pure protein, and showed nitrogen deficiency symptoms. However, the optimum boron application($B_2$) positively resulted in the increase of crude and pure protein, especially pure protein, and the content ratio of pure protein/soluble N-compounds. With additional fertilization, especially nitrogen, differences were not found among the boron treatments($B_{0}$, $B_2$, and $B_4$). 2. Owing to the decline of white clover as affected by the additional fertilization, especially nitrogen, in the grass-clover mixed cultures, the effects of B-application on these contents of white clover were different and relatively low, compared with the pure cultures. But the positive effect of $B_2$ treatment tended to be similar to the pure cultures. Also, it was recognized that the $B_2$ treatment resulted in the increase of their contents in orchardgrass, however, the effect was relatively minor compared with that of white clover. 3. The optimum B application(B$_2$) on white clover influenced relatively better on the yields of crude and pure protein than on the dry matter yields, especially with no additional fertilization. The effects of boron application on the contents and yields of crude and pure protein were different according to the forage species, whether it was a pure or mixed culture, and additional fertilization.

Effects of Boron Application on the Forage Traits in the Pure and Mixed Cultures of Orchardgrass and White Clover - IV. Changes in the contents of micronutrients(Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B) in forages - (Orchardgrass 및 White Clover의 단파 및 혼파재배에서 붕소의 시용이 목초의 여러 특성에 미치는 영향 - IV. 목초 중 미량요소(Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn과 B)의 함량 변화 -)

  • Jung, Yeun-Kyu
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.179-186
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    • 2003
  • This pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of boron application( $B_{0}$ ) ; control, B$_1$; 0.2, $B_2$; 2.0, $B_3$; 6.0, $B_4$; 15.0 boron me/pot) on the forage performance of pure and mixed cultures of orchardgrass and white clover. The fourth part was concerned with the changes in the contents of B, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in forages. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The boron(B) contents of both forages and their differences among the B treatments generally decreased according to the cutting order. The B contents of white clover were somewhat lower in the $B_{0}$ than in the $B_2$. However, the differences in the yields between $B_{0}$ and $B_2$ were relatively great. It was probably caused by the latent B-deficiency in the $B_{0}$. Compared with white clover, the B contents of orchardgrass had relatively great differences between the $B_{0}$ and B$_2$, but both yields tended to be similar. 2. The contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in both forages were generally different according to the forage species, whether it was a pure or mixed cultures, and additional fertilization. The effects of B application on their contents were different according to the micronutrients and above factors. 3. The Fe contents of white clover were lower in the $B_{0}$ and $B_4$ than in the$ B_2$. It tended to be related to the weak growth of roots and low yields in the $B_{0}$ and $B_2$. However, there were not consistent in the changes of contents of Mn, Cu, and Zn by the rates of B application. 4. The effects of B application on the total ion concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were not consistent in both forages. However, the concentrations were generally affected by the changes in the contents of Mn and Zn. The concentrations of white clover were higher in a pure than in mixed culture.

Effects of Feeding Systems on Feed Intake, Weight Gain and Fawn Performance in Elk Doe(Cervus canadensis) (사양 방식이 엘크 암사슴의 건물섭취량, 증체량 및 자록의 번식성적에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jinwook;Lee, Sung-Soo;Lee, Sang-Hoon;Choi, Bong-Hwan;Jeon, Dayeon;Kim, Chan-Lan;Kim, Dong-Kyo;Lee, Eun-Do;Kim, Kwan-Woo
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.250-258
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    • 2021
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding systems on feed intake, weight gain, and fawn performance (Cervus canadensis) and estimation of grazing intensity in Elk doe at pasture. A sixteen Elk doe about 236.2 kg were randomly assigned to two feeding treatments. The treatment consisted of a barn feeding system (BF) and grazing at pasture (GR), and pasture was mainly composed of tall fescue, orchard grass, and Kentucky bluegrass. The moisture content of pasture was 19.51~22.61%, which was similar during experimental periods. The crude protein content was significantly higher from June to July (p<0.05). The contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber ranged 53.65~60.18%, and 26.08~29.10%, respectively. There were no significant differences between feeding systems on supplementary feed intake, but the roughage and total dry matter intake showed significant differences between treatment groups (p<0.05), except for May. In August, roughage intake was dramatically decreased in the GR group due to summer environmental changes. On the other hand, the higher intake of roughage in September might be related to nutrient intake for mammals. There was no difference in body weight between treatment groups, but the fawn performance was significantly higher in the GR group (p<0.05). These results might be suggested that grazing elk doe might positively affect fawn growth. However, it is considered that BF might increase the deer weaning rate during the parturition period, since the lower weaning rate in the GR group compared to the BF group. The grazing intensity of Elk doe was increased from May to July and decreased in August, which was influenced by pasture productivity. The average grazing intensity of Elk doe was found to be 15 heads/ha, which might be controlled by supplementary feeding. Further studies needed that mixed sowing methods and fertilization management in old grazing pastures for improved pasture productivity.

Free-range Poultry Production - A Review

  • Miao, Z.H.;Glatz, P.C.;Ru, Y.J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.113-132
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    • 2005
  • With the demand for free-range products increasing and the pressure on the intensive poultry industry to improve poultry welfare especially in western countries, the number of free-range poultry farms has increased significantly. The USA, Australia and European countries have developed Codes of Practice for free-range poultry farming which detail the minimum standards of husbandry and welfare for birds. However, the performance and liveability of free-range birds needs to be improved and more knowledge is required on bird husbandry, feed supply, disease control and heat wave management. This review examines the husbandry, welfare, nutrition and disease issues associated with free-range poultry systems and discusses the potential of incorporating free-range poultry into a crop-pasture rotation system.

Effect of Industrial Wastes as a Bulking Agent on the Composting of Swine Manure (산업폐기물의 수분조절재 대체가 양돈분뇨의 퇴비화에 미치는 영향)

  • 김두환
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.19-26
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    • 1997
  • Composting has recently become popular as a means of recycling swine manure into products for sale off the farm, but bulking agent(usually sawdust) are expensive and availability is limited. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fly ash as a bulking agent on the composting of swine manure and to analyze the effective substitution rate of fly ash mixed with swine manure for sawdust. Fly ash was able to be substituted for sawdust and the most effective substitution rate are 50% of sawdust. According to the results the advanced research and development are required, the effect of swine manure with fly ash on the soil properties, forage composition and animal performance.

A LOW COST STRAW AND FORAGE CHOPPER

  • Pasikatan, M.C.;Salazar, G.C.;Quick, G.R.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 1993.10a
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    • pp.686-695
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    • 1993
  • A flywheel-type, inclined axis chopper for small-area rice and livestock farmers, has been developed at IRRI Agricultural Engineering, The prototype is belt-driven by a 2.6kW engine and uses four angled blades rotating below a fixed counteredge. Manual feeding is facilitated by a convenient spout presenting the crop to the inclined blade housing and also suction created by the rotating blades . The distance between the rotating blades and the bottom of the housing determines the length of chops, set here for 25 cm. The unit would cost $200 without the engine. Tests with napier grass, corn stalks , and rice straw showed satisfactory performance within the acceptable clearance, speed and moisture content ranges of the material presented. Highest capacities were 1186, 1148 and 744kg/hr for napier grass, corn stalks and rice straw, respectively. Corn stalks required the highest power demand at 2.3kW engine would be adequate as power source. The chopper performance was comparable to higher cost commercial chippers in terms of capacity and specific energy.

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