• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2017

옥수수 품종판별 마커 개발을 위하여 SNAP 방법을 변형하여 2bp 불일치 SNP PCR 방법을 옥수수 품종판별에 적용하였다. SNP 마커개발을 위하여 MaizeGDB 웹사이트(www.maizegdb.org)를 통해서 200 SNP 위치를 확인하였으며, 표준맵으로 알려진 B73 옥수수 게놈서열을 바탕으로 2bp 불일치 Primer을 디자인하였다. PCR 생성물은 200-500bp 사이에서 결정되었으며 SNP site가 있을시 PCR 생성물이 생성되지 않게 디자인 되었다. 선행연구에서 선발된 16개의 Primer조합을 이용해서 농촌진흥청에서 개발된 사료용 옥수수 10품종(강다옥, 광평옥, 다평옥, 안다옥, 양안옥, 신광옥, 장다옥, 청다옥, 평광옥, 평안옥)과 수입 사료용 옥수수 40품종과의 판별 가능성을 검정하였다. SNP PCR 결과를 바탕으로 한 Cluster분석에서 신광옥과 PI1395 그리고 몇몇 수입 사료용 옥수수를 제외하고는 모두 판별 가능한 것으로 검정되었다. SNP 통한 품종판별 최소조합수를 선발한 결과 강다옥은 IBM911과 IBM1798, 장다옥은 IBM440과 IBM549, 평강옥은 IBM440과 IBM1269, 평안옥은 IBM795와 IBM1601였다. 이는 SNP 마커 개발을 통해 빠르고, 손쉽게 품종판별이 가능한 마커로 활용가능하다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2020

본 연구는 사일리지용 옥수수(whole crop maize: WCM)의 메타자료를 통해 적정 파종 및 수확시기에 대한 탐색을 생육도일(Growing degree days, ℃; GDD)을 이용하여 검토하였다. WCM의 원자료(1982~2012년)는 학위논문, 학회지 및 연구보고서로부터 실험별 연도, 품종, 지역, 파종시기 및 수확시기 등 생육정보가 포함된 3,152점이었다. 수집한 자료 중 파종시기 및 수확시기와 관련된 자료는 데이터입력, 자료선별 및 오류자료수정 과정을 거쳐 최종데이터세트(파종시기 29점, 수확시기 92점; 총 121점)를 구성하였고 최적점 설정, 메타분석, 2차모형 구축을 통하여 적정 파종 및 수확시기의 허용 범위를 고려한 기간과 GDD를 제시하였다. WCM의 적정 파종 및 수확기간은 각각 4월 14일~5월 3일 및 8월 15일~9월 4일이었으며 이 때 GDD는 23.7~99.6℃ 및 1,328.7~1,602.1℃였다. 이상에서 GDD는 WCM의 적정 파종 및 수확시기의 판단기준으로 사용 가능할 것으로 사료된다

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.47-63
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• 2023

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and sensor technologies are rapidly developing and being usefully utilized for spatial information-based agricultural management and smart agriculture. Until now, there have been many difficulties in obtaining production information in a timely manner for large-scale agriculture on reclaimed land. However, smart agriculture that utilizes sensors, information technology, and UAV technology and can efficiently manage a large amount of farmland with a small number of people is expected to become more common in the near future. In this study, we evaluated the productivity of forage maize grown on reclaimed land using UAV and sensor-based technologies. This study compared the plant height, vegetation cover ratio, fresh biomass, and dry biomass of maize grown on general farmland and reclaimed land in South Korea. A biomass model was constructed based on plant height, cover ratio, and volume-based biomass using UAV-based images and Farm-Map, and related estimates were obtained. The fresh biomass was estimated with a very precise model (R² =0.97, root mean square error [RMSE]=3.18 t/ha, normalized RMSE [nRMSE]=8.08%). The estimated dry biomass had a coefficient of determination of 0.86, an RMSE of 1.51 t/ha, and an nRMSE of 12.61%. The average plant height distribution for each field lot was about 0.91 m for reclaimed land and about 1.89 m for general farmland, which was analyzed to be a difference of about 48%. The average proportion of the maize fraction in each field lot was approximately 65% in reclaimed land and 94% in general farmland, showing a difference of about 29%. The average fresh biomass of each reclaimed land field lot was 10 t/ha, which was about 36% lower than that of general farmland (28.1 t/ha). The average dry biomass in each field lot was about 4.22 t/ha in reclaimed land and about 8 t/ha in general farmland, with the reclaimed land having approximately 53% of the dry biomass of the general farmland. Based on these results, UAV and sensor-based images confirmed that it is possible to accurately analyze agricultural information and crop growth conditions in a large area. It is expected that the technology and methods used in this study will be useful for implementing field-smart agriculture in large reclaimed areas.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1994년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.126-127
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• 1994

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.430-433
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• 2009

The development of large-scale environmental friendly livestock complex in the reclaimed tideland is one of different alternatives to increase the competitiveness of internal livestock industry against an international opening markets as DDA and FTA in agricultural field. Recently, it is possible to introduce an environmental friendly livestock complex in the reclaimed tideland by an amendment of the acts for agricultural land. However more studies that are on the basis of nitrogen and phosphorus mass balance need to preserve the agricultural environments as the quality of agricultural water and soil in rural area. In this study, the reference for feasibility study is Whaong reclaimed tideland which located at Whaseong city, Gyeonggi Province, and a basic concept of environmental friendly livestock complex is the production of forage crops with the supply of liquid fertilizer and the production of bioenergy such as biogas by the recycling of pig slurry as a resource. The mass balance of nitrogen based on between forage crops such as maize, barley and liquid fertilizer supplied at the reclaimed tideland, and also it was estimated an economical efficiency as anaerobic digestion plant for treating pig slurry of $100m^3/day$ introduce in an environmental friendly livestock complex.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.75-75
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• 2017

Rye is cultivated on about 30,000ha domestically for forage and green-manure production in Korea. 'Daegokgreen' has been developed as a good quality rye cultivar for forage and green-manure, which was doubled-chromosome by colchicine treatment of diploid rye cultivar 'Gogu' in 2010. By the colchicine treatment with 0.05% for 12 hours at $2^{nd}$ leaf stage of 'Gogu', 31 tetraploid plants were obtained and they produced 2,470 seeds with 135 spikes. There was 4.4 in the number of spikes per plant, 18.3 in grain number per spike, and 37.6 g in the1,000-grain weight. The heading date of 'Daegokgreen' was April 11, which was two days later on average compared with 'Gogu'. The biomass (fresh weight) of 'Daegokgreen' was 3,701kg, which was similar to 'Gogu'. The average crude protein content of 'Daegokgreen' was 8.9%, which was 1.0% point higher than 'Gogu'. 'Daegokgreen' was found to be strong resistant to winter-kill and can be adapted to before maize cultivation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.384-388
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• 2003

Twenty yearling lambs of Southeast Nigeria dwarf, liveweight ($18{\pm}1.9 kg$) were grouped into 5 treatments. Dry brewer's grain was substituted for maize offal in the experiment diets namely A to E at 0%, 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% respectively, as supplement to low quality, dry season cassava leaf top and Andropogan gayanus hay at 1:1 ratio that lasted for 56 days. After which 5 of the lambs (average bodyweight=$24.3{\pm}1.5kg$) were transferred to metabolism crates to determine the digestibility and nitrogen/protein balance studies. While the mean group intakes were (945.9, 996.1, 1,040.5, 1,148.5 and 1,037.7 g conc. DM/day), the growth rates were (115.1, 124.1, 152.5, 168.5 and 123.1 g liveweight gain/day), respectively. There was a recorded decline in both intake (p>0.05) and growth rate (p<0.05) as the level of dry brewer's grain was increased beyond 45% of the supplement. Similar trend was observed on the protein and organic matter efficiency ratios (p>0.05) together with the organic matter intake. The urine nitrogen output was also significant (p>0.05). The work further revealed that, at a certain critical level of intake, dry brewer's grain is able to support growth rates measurable to or better than those noted when feeding maize offal to lambs, and went on to prove dry brewer's grain as an attractive supplementary feed for the drier months of the year, in the Southeast of Nigeria.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2021

본 연구는 국내 고유종인 한우에서 1) 농후사료 급여 후 조사료 급여, 2) 조사료 급여 후 농후사료 급여, 3) TMR 급여의 총 세 가지 형태의 사료급여가 반추위 발효성상, 총 가스 및 메탄 발생량에 미치는 영향을 in vitro로 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 사료 급여 형태에 따라 반추위 환경이 변화할 것으로 가설을 세우고, 옥수수 (M)와 티모시 (T)를 기질로 하여 반추위액의 24시간 in vitro 배양을 실시하였다. 따라서 시험 처리구는 총 6개로 구성되었다: M1, M2, M3, T1, T2, T3. 반추위 pH는 사료 급여방식 2에서 다른 처리구보다 높았고 (P < 0.001), 티모시 기질에서 옥수수 기질보다 높았다 (P < 0.001). 휘발성 지방산 (VFA; volatile fatty acid) 조사항목들 (Total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate)은 사료 급여방식 1에서 가장 높았고 급여방식 2에서 가장 낮았으며 (P < 0.001), 옥수수 기질에서 더 많이 생산되었다 (P < 0.001). 반추위액 내 acetate:propionate 비율은 사료 급여방식에 따른 효과는 없었으나 (P = 0.116), 티모시 기질이 옥수수 기질보다 더 높은 값을 나타냈다 (P < 0.001). 암모니아태 질소 (NH₃-N)는 사료 급여방식 1에서 다른 처리구보다 높았으며(P < 0.001), 티모시 기질에서 높은 수치를 보였다 (P < 0.001). 총 가스 및 메탄가스 발생량은 사료 급여방식 1에서 가장 높았고(P < 0.001), 옥수수 기질에서 더 많이 생산되었다 (P < 0.001). 메탄은 이산화탄소의 20배 이상의 지구온난화효과를 갖는 것으로 알려져 있고, 반추가축이 섭취한 에너지의 손실로 작용하고 있어 장내발효 메탄 발생량을 저감하는 것은 매우 중요한 과제라 할 수 있다. 반추가축에서 사료급여 방식에 따른 메탄 발생량 차이에 대한 결론을 얻기 위해서는 보다 다각적인 형태의 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.216-224
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• 2023

사료용옥수수(사일리지)의 가장 중요한 요소는 병해충 저항성, 후기녹체성과 같은 재배안정성과 수량성이다. 위도는 일장과 온도 등 기후와 매우 밀접하게 연관되어 있다. 본 연구는 38° 이상 고위도 기후대, 특히 북한의 수양산 이남지역에서 재배하여 사료용으로서 가치가 높은 국산 품종을 선발하기 위해 옥수수의 생육특성, 수량성 및 사료가치를 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 그 이유는 현재 또는 미래의 북한 식량문제를 해결하기 위한 것이다. 특히 북한의 청소년들의 단백질 공급원이 매우 부족한 실정이기 때문에 육류뿐만 아니라 우유 등 축산물 생산량 향상을 위해 가축의 조사료로서 가치가 매우 높은 옥수수의 재배 시험을 수행하였다. 시험은 북한의 수양산 이남지역과 기후 특성이 유사한 수원에서 국산품종 등 11개 품종을 시험하였다. 그 결과 수량 및 사료가치 특성에서 우수한 품종들이 확인되었지만, 그 중에서도 다청옥이 가장 재배에 적합할 것으로 판단되었다. 다청옥은 건물과 TDN 수량은 각각 26.37 ton/ha과 12.9 ton/ha로 다른 품종보다 많았고, 다음으로 평강옥, 신황옥, 광평옥 등이 많았다. 또한 다청옥은 후기 녹체성이 우수하기 때문에 수량뿐만 아니라 사료가치 측면에서도 매우 우수하다. 따라서 이들 결과와 함께 앞으로 북한의 수양산 이남지역 현장에서 직접 재배시험을 수행하여 다청옥에 대한 재배기술을 추가로 확립한다면 앞으로 북한의 식량문제를 해결하는데 큰 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1610-1610
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• 2001

Microbiological examination of silage is of little value in gauging the outcome of silage, and so chemical analysis is more reliable and meaningful indicator of quality. On the other hand chemical assessments of the principal fermentation products provide an unequivocal basis on which to judge quality. Livestock require energy, protein, minerals and vitamins from their food. While fresh forages provide these essential items, conserved forages on the other hand may be deficient in one or more of them. The aim of the conservation process is to preserve as many of the original nutrients as possible, particularly energy and protein components (Woolford, 1984). Silage fermentation is important to preservation of forage with respect of feeding value and animal performance. Chemical and bacteriological changes in the silo during the fermentation process can affect adversely nutrient yield and quality (Moe and Carr, 1984). Many of the important chemical components of silage must be assayed in fresh or by extraction of the fresh material, since drying either by heat or lyophilisation, volatilises components such as acids or nitrogenous components, or effects conversion to other compounds (Abrams et al., 1987). Maize silage dorms the basis of winter rations for the vast majority of dairy and beef cattle production in Uruguay. Since nutrient intake, particularly energy, from forages is influenced by both voluntary dry matter intake and digestibility; there is a need for a rapid technique for predicting these parameters in farm advisory systems. Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) is increasingly used as a rapid, accurate method of evaluating chemical constituents in cereals and dried forages. For many years NIRS was applied to assess chemical composition in dry materials (Norris et al., 1976, Flinn et al., 1992; Murray, 1993, De Boever et al., 1996, De la Roza et al., 1998). The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the potential of NIRS to assess the chemical composition of dried maize samples and (2) to attempt calibrations on undried samples either for farm advisory systems or for animal nutrition research purposes in Uruguay. NIRS were used to assess the chemical composition of whole - plant maize silage samples (Zea mays, L). A representative population of samples (n = 350) covering a wide distribution in chemical characteristics were used. Samples were scanned at 2 nm intervals over the wavelength range 400-2500 nm in a NIRS 6500 (NIRSystems, Silver Spring, MD, USA) in reflectance mode. Cross validation was used to avoid overfitting of the equations. The optimum calibrations were selected on the basis of minimizing the standard error of cross validation (SECV). The calibration statistics were R$^2$ 0. 86 (SECV: 11.4), 0.90 (SECV: 5.7), 0.90 (SECV: 16.9) for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) in g kg$\^$-1/ on dry matter, respectively for maize silage samples. This work demonstrates the potential of NIRS to analyse whole - maize silage in a wide range of chemical characteristics for both advisory farm and nutritive evaluation.