• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity of barley at paddy field of Iksan (National Honam Agricultural Experiment) from 1998 to 2001. The most fast 50% heading stage date variety was Keunalbori, Tapkolbori and Sodunchalbori, but Kinssalbori was very late as 3th May. The average dry matter (DM) content of naked and hulled barley were 37.9% and 37.1%, respectively. Saessalbori and Naehanssalbori of naked barley showed the highest in DM yield by 11,260 kg/ha and 11,160 kg/ha but the DM yield of Kinssalbori was low by 7,530 kg/ha. And Milyang 92, Keunalbori and Tapkolbori of hulled barley showed the highest in DM yield by 12,730 kg/ha, 12,320 kg/ha and 12,300 kg/ha but the DM yield of Olbori was low by 6,660 kg/ha. Acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) content of naked varieties was 30.3%, 60.8% and 65.1%, and ADF, NDF and TDN content of hulled varieties was 33.6%, 61.1% and 62.4%, respectively. And Tapkolbori showed the highest grain yield by 6,370 kg/ha. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that "Milyang 92, Keunalbori and Tapkolbori" would be recommendable for fall sown barley cultivar for at paddy field in Honam region.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Few management studies have been conducted on late planting date for corn silage in paddy field as a barley-corn forage cropping system. Experiments were conducted during 2007 and 2008 at the Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services. The objectives of this study were to determine relationships between planting date and com forage yield and to determine the best hybrid at the delayed planting after whole crop barley's harvest. The treatments consisted of 2 planting dates and 7 hybrids. Delayed planting considerately reduced stem diameter, individual ear size and weight. The ratio of dried leaf and culm in aerial plants was increased and that of ear was decreased. The coefficient of variation in fresh, dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield was higher at delayed planting date on cropping system with whole crop barley than that of planting at optimum season. So, fresh weight was reduced by 91.8%, dry matter by 72.6%, grain yield by 51.0% and TDN yield by 68.1%. The appropriate hybrid for delayed planting after whole crop barley harvest in middle region was 'Gangdaok' as lower in the reduction of ear size and weight compared to that of planting at optimum season. Reduction in grain yield caused to decrease the DM and TDN yields. Therefore, to gain stable dry matter in silage corn by delayed planting date on cropping system with whole crop barley was necessary to select com hybrid on the minimum reduction in ear size and weight.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2009

A field study was conducted from 2007 to 2008 at Department Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA, to evaluate the effects of harvest time and cultivar on forage yield and quality. Four whole crop barley cultivars ('Youngyang', 'Wooho', 'Yuyeon' and 'Dami') were selected and harvested on five separate growth stages (heading, and intervals of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after heading) in split plot design with three replications. Results from this experiment indicated significant differences due to harvest time and cultivar in dry matter yield and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield for forage. The interaction between harvest time and cultivar was not significant. The TDN yield trends were increasing with later harvest time due to higher dry matter yield and TDN content. This experiment provides some interesting results with respects to optimum harvest time, feed value and ultimately yield for the different whole crop barley cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.451-465
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• 2013

This study was conducted to estimate Hanwoo carrying capacity when whole crop barley, rye, wheat and tritcale as winter forage crops was grown on different applying sources (chemical fertilizer, cattle or organic fertilizer) and mixed sowing combination with hairy vetch or forage pea during the period of 2011~2012. The experimental plots within whole crop barley or rye were consisted of 7 treatments, which were non-fertilizer, chemical fertilizer (P+K), chemical fertilizer (N+P+K), organic fertilizer, cattle slurry, cattle slurry with hairy vetch, and cattle slurry with forage pea. Each plot was triplicates and experimental treatments were allocated in the randomized complete block design. For whole crop barley, annual mean dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields were the highest in N+P+K plots, but there were no significant differences among organic fertilizer, cattle slurry and mixed sowing with legumes. The TDN were the highest in mixed sowing plots of forage pea plus cattle slurry application. As 450 kg Hanwoo heifers were fed diets included 70% whole crop barley, organic fertilizer, cattle slurry application and mixed sowing plots of forage pea is capable of raising average 2.8 to 3.1 heads/ha a year. For whole crop rye, annual mean DM were the highest in N+P+K plots, but there were no significant differences among cattle slurry. Organic fertilizer application significantly increased TDN and relative feed value (RFV) in comparison with treatments of N+P+K fertilization as chemical fertilizers. In case of 450 kg Hanwoo heifers fed diets included 70% forage rye, it is estimated that cattle slurry application (mixed sowing with legumes) plots can rear average 2.8~ 3.2 heads/ha a year. For whole crop wheat, annual DM, crude protein, and TDN yields of application groups and mixed sowing treatment with legumes showed 6.90~7.44, 0.53~0.60 and 4.35~5.04 ton/ha, respectively. In case of 450 kg Hanwoo heifers fed diets included 70% forage rye, it is estimated that cattle slurry application (mixed sowing with legumes) plots can rear average 3.1~3.7 heads/ha a year. For Triticale, TDN yield was significantly (P<0.05) higher N+P+K plots, organic ferilizer, cattle slurry, cattle slurry with legumes than for no fertilizer and N+P+K plots. The Crude protein (CP) contents were the highest in mixed sowing plots of forage pea plus cattle slurry application. In case of 450 kg Hanwoo heifers fed diets included 70% forage triticale, it is estimated that cattle slurry application (mixed sowing with legumes) plots can rear average 3.4~3.7 heads/ha a year. It can be concluded that, on the basis of DM yield, not only mixed sowing with legumes by applying cattle slurry rather than single sowing of whole crop barley or whole crop rye enhanced production yield and feed values, but also it could be a substitute for imported grains as dietary protein sources in the case of feeding Hanwoo.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 2012

The competition between green manure and forage crops frequently occurred at agricultural field because of soil fertility and livestock feeding selection. These experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects shoot and residue for green manure and forage production by leguminous crops and barley mixtures at paddy. Field experiments were conducted at paddy soil from 2008 to 2009. Treatments consisted of mixture and inter-seeding of barley and leguminous crops (hairy vetch and crimson clover). These treatments were divided into cutting height of 8 and 25 cm for using of green manure and forage at once. The residue biomass of 25 cm cutting height was higher than 8 cm and were no significantly between mixture and inter-seeding. However, residues of legume crop were significantly higher at inter-seeding than mixture. The shoot biomass of 8 cm cutting height was higher than 25 cm for forage using. The production of legume crop was high at the barley and hairy vetch seeding plot. The mixture of hairy vetch and barley showed the best biomass of shoot and residue for green manure and forage using at 25 cm of cutting height. Also this treatment could be possible to rice cultivation by no fertilization. Therefore, we suggested that 25 cm cutting of hairy vetch and barley mixture could be used for green manure and forage at the same time under rice-based cropping system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the effects of forage cropping system and cattle slurry on productivity of whole crop rice, whole crop barley and Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrid and environmental pollution in paddy land. Forage cropping system used in this study was consisted of double-cropping whole crop barley followed by whole crop rice applied with cattle slurry (DWBRC) and double-cropping whole crop barley followed by Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrid applied with cattle slurry (DSSBC). The field experiments were conducted on the clay loam at Backsanmyun, Kimje, Chunlabukdo province in Korea for three years (May 2006 to Apr. 2009). This study was arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. The field had been sown with whole crop rice 'Nampyung', Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrid 'Sordan79' and whole crop barley 'Younyang'. The yields of whole crop barley in DWBRC and DSSBC were 7,515 kg/ha and 8,515 kg/ha, respectively. The yields of whole crop barley in DSSBC significantly increased as compared with that of DWBRC (p<0.05). The contents of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total digestible nutrient (TDN) of whole crop barley in DWBRC were not difference as compared with those of DSSBC. The pH, and contents of total nitrogen and organic matter in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment increased as compared with those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). However, The content of phosphate in DWBRC was no difference as compared with DSSBC. In addition, after the end of experiment, the concentrations of exchangeable cations (Ca, Na, Mg and K) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment were remarkably higher than those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). The concentrations of $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, $PO_4$-P, Cl, Ca, K, Mg and Na in leaching water were hardly influenced by the cropping system and application of cattle slurry.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

Although whole crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is now widely grown as a silage crop in Korea, forage production and silage quality of that for organic farm have not been published. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of harvest stage on forage production and quality of organic barley, and effect of field wilting and crushed rice for shortening of harvest date and improvement of forage quality. The experiment was split-plot design with three replications. Main plots were heading, milking and yellow stages, and sub-plot were field wilting for I day, crushed rice 10% (CR10%) and 15% (CR15%) treatments. The dry matter (DM) contents of heading, milking and yellow stages were 12.8%, 21.9% and 29.8%, respectively. The DM yields of heading, milking and yellow stages were 10,346, 15,819 and 18,336 kg/ha, respectively, and the total digestible nutrients (TDN) of these were 6,288, 9,550 and 10,178 kg/ha, respectively. The pH of milking stage showed low 4.00 pH values. The crude protein, ether extract, crude ash, non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and TDN contents were decreased as harvest stage progressed, while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were increased. The crude ash (CA) of milking stage showed the lowest among harvest stages. Field wilting and crushed rice treatments decreased CA, NDF and ADF contents, and increased NFC and TDN contents. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) decreased with progressed harvest stage, while field wilting and crushed rice treatments increased that of barley silage. Lactic acid and total organic acid contents of milking stage were the highest, and butyric acid of milking stage was the lowest among harvest stage. The good effect of field wilting and crushed rice was observed in heading stage. The experiment results indicate that optimum harvest stage of barley silage for organic was milking stage. The field wilting and crushed rice additive could be recommended as effective method for shortening harvest date and increasing forage quality of organic barley silage

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.203-214
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• 2008

The overwintering crops, barley, wheat, oat and triticale etc, have been received in korea as high-quality roughage for round-baled silage making as livestock feed. Studies were carried out to evaluated the effects of seed blending on growth, yield and feed value between barley and wheat, triticale and oat, respectively. The results are summarized as follows : The barley was declined in the growth and spike's size as affected by sown as mixed seeding with triticale, but not effected with oat. The total fresh yield were increased by grown as mixed seeding with wheat, triticale and oat, but the dry matter yield were not significantly increased because of the low percentage of dry matter and the decrease of barley's growth. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein content were increased by seed blending, but acid detergent fiber (ADF) and digestible dry matter (DDM) content were decreased. The feed value was improved by seed blending of barley and wheat, but not significant at seed blending of triticale and oat. Because of the flourishing tillers, difference of heading date and abundant leaves of oat, the optimum crop for mixed seeding with barley for increment of forage productivity was oat in middle area of korea.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.112-113
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.172-173
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• 2005