• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.253-259
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• 1992

The esterase isozyme in tissue of wild legume plants were separated by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Extracts used in this study were prepared from fully expanded young leaf, cotyledon and radicle of seedling and root-nodule of Glycine sola, Vigna vexillata var. tsuscmensis and Trifoliwn repens. The results are as follows; 1. Each tissue examined had a characteristic banding pattcrn. Number of bands in each species, G. soja, V. vexillata, and T . repens, were 14, 8 and 1 1 bands, respectively. And difference in esterase isozyme bands were greater from tissue to tissue than difference between habitat. 2. Est-I, Est-2. Est-3 and Est-4 in G. soja, Est-I in V. vexillata and Est-l and Est-2 in T. repens showed strong cnzyme activity than other enzyme. 3. Esterase isozyme variation in G. soja and T . repens showed more variety than V. vexillata. This is resulted from many genotypic differences within species. 4. The main enLyme among thc esterase isozyme were Est-I. Est-2, Est-3 and Est-4.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 1981

In reviewing of the literature concerning agronomic practices on intensive pasture establishment the following suggestions were made : (1) The seedbed preparation should be involved physical manipulation of the soil tilth and consolidation of the soil by harrows and heavy roller. (2) In terms of methods of sowing, drilling favours the first and broadcasting the second however, the apparent superiority of band sowing over the above conventional methods is to reduce the direct toxic chemical effects from fertilizers to germinating seeds. (3) The most satisfactory seeding depth for grasses and legumes is commonly agreed to be approximately 1.3cm and seeding depth greater than 2.5cm seems to be generally detrimental. (4) Autumn and spring are most common sowing periods for grasses and legumes, however, early autumn being the most generally favoured, particularly in areas not subject to severe winter kill. (5) Select nurse crop species or cultivars which make Bess demands on light, nutrients and water, and lower seed rates should be used. (6) Seeding mixtures should be simple rather than complex and aggressive species should be included to a minor extent.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.336-343
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• 2009

Tall fescue is an open-pollinated, perennial, cool season grass species widely used for forage and turf. Tremendous progress has been made in genetic transformation of tall fescue in the past decade. Methods for generating transgenic tall fescue plants have been developed based on biolistic transformation and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Potentially useful agronomic genes have been tested to environmental stress tolerance, herbicide tolerance and improve forage quality in tall fescue plants. We review progress in biotechnological improvement of tall fescue and discuss future molecular breeding of this species.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1987

For the purpose of using the guideline to evaluate the grassland based on the botanical composition, a valuation figures which were expressed of nine division scale from 0, very poor to 8, excellent were given to the each , grassland species. At first, a figure was given to the 14 1 herbage plants at the grassland in Korea. Fodder value of the grassland was calculated from these valuation figures of the different species and the DM percentages of each plants which was got by analysis or estimation, were only to be multiplied by the different valuation figures and then the sum of these products divided by hundred. It is suggested that the fodder value of the grassland is not only possible to express the botanical conditions of various experiments in some simple figures, but also compare with different types of grassland at the same time.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1987

A pot experiment conducted to investigate the root elongation and weight of grasses, i.e. Orchardgrass, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass under the conditions adjusted pH of half vertical part of pot soil to seven levels from 2 to 8. 1. Root growth was drastically decreased as soil pH was lowed. 2. Higer the soil pH, longer the root length. Increase of soil pH to 6 increased the root length of orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. 3. Regardless of grass species, most of roots distributed to the soil which adjusted pH from 6 to 7. 4. Dry weight of root was increased to pH 7 of soil in orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass and was 55 to 78% of production of pH 6 compared with soil pH 7. In case of tall fescue, dry root weight in the soil pH 7 was 69.8% of root weight growed in soil pH 6.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 1997

This study was conducted to assess present situiatioq of oversowing grassland yield and vegetational succession of abondoned since 6 years passed grassland in Wonju. The highest annual h s h weight yield was 28ton/ ha and the lowest was I lton/ha and the grass rate of investigated oversowing grasslands were range from 19.5% to 9lS%. The soil properties of abandoned oversowing grassland, such as soil pH content of organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable potasium, calcium, and magnesium were 5.7, 3.88%, 3lppm, O.lme1100g 4.9meI 100g and 2.3me/100g, respectively. The floristic composition of abandoned grassland were composed 26 species of vascular plants. The dominant species based on SDR, of grassland were Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens(56.32%). Artemisia feddei(48.62%) and Dactylis glomerata(43.85%). The biological spectra showed the H-$D_1$-$R_5$-e type.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2001

This pot experiments was conducted to find out the forage productivity and quality in a grass/clover sward as affected by the application of three different fertilizers; double superphosphate(DS), fused Mg-phosphate(FP), and complex fertilizer(CF) on newly reclaimed hilly soil. This 2nd part was concerned with the contents and yields of mineral nutrients and general components. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The concentrations of P, Ca. Mg, and Na by the forage species were relatively higher in the CF plots than in the FP and DS plots. The yields of mineral nutrients by the forage species were high in the order: CF>FP>DS plots. Especially. these were higher in the ladino clover and mixed forages than in orchardgrass. 2 The contents of crude protein and crude ash were highest with the CF plots, compared with the FP and DS plots. The yields of general components in the ladino clover and mixed forages were apparently highest with the CF plots. whereas these in orchardgrass not showed consistent differences among the plots. It was recognized that the positive effects on the concentrations and yields of mineral nutrients and general components in forages were higher in the order: CF＞FP＞DS plots.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.228-236
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• 2004

Two varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L cv. Pioneer and Beaver) and timothy (Phleum pratense L cv. Climax and Joliette), grown at different locations in Saskatchewan (Canada), were cut at three stages [1=one week before commercial cut (early bud for alfalfa; joint for timothy); 2=at commercial cut (late bud for alfalfa; pre-bloom head for timothy); 3=one week after commercial cut (early bloom for alfalfa; full head for timothy)]. The energy values of forages were determined using three approaches, including chemical (NRC 2001 formula) and biological approaches (standard in vitro and in situ assay). The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of forage variety and stage of maturity on energy values under the climate conditions of western Canada, and to investigate relationship between chemical (NRC 2001 formula) approach and biological approaches (in vitro and in situ assay) on prediction of energy values. The results showed that, in general, forage species (alfalfa vs. timothy) and cutting stage had profound impacts, but the varieties within each species (Pioneer vs. Beaver in alfalfa; Climax vs. Joliette in timothy) had minimal effects on energy values. As forage maturity increased, the energy contents behaved in a quadratic fashion, increasing at stage 2 and then significantly decreasing at stage 3. However, the prediction methods-chemical approach (NRC 2001 formula) and biological approaches (in vitro and in situ assay) had great influences on energy values. The highest predicted energy values were found by using the in situ approach, the lowest prediction value by using the NRC 2001 formula, and the intermediate values by the in vitro approach. The in situ results may be most accurate because it is closest to simulate animal condition. The energy values measured by biological approaches are not predictable by the chemical approach in this study, indicating that a refinement is needed in accurately predicting energy values.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.274-282
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• 1992

Annual forage crops have been increasingly important for conpensating insufficient forage production of perennial pastures took place for short interval. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sward composition and NㆍP fertilization on forage production and intercompetition of subterranean clover-Italian ryegrass and berseem clover-Italian ryegrass. The two clovers were grown in the field at the clover/ryegrass ratios of 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25 and 100/0 where no, N (200 kg /ha), P (50 kg /ha) or NㆍP fertilization was done. Each crop was separated after harvest and drying. Relative Crowding Coefficient (RCC), aggressivity and Relative Yield Total (RYT) were analyzed on the basis of the harvested dry matter of each crop. Berseem clover-ryegrass mixtures produced greater yield than subclover-ryegrass mixtures as a result of higher yields of the two component species. In the former forage yield was increased with increased rate of clover up to 75%, while in the latter the highest yields were obtained at more than 50% of the clover. In the mixtures N stimulated the growth of ryegrass, whereas P did only that of subclover. The two clovers produced more forage than the companion grass under no and only P fertilization although the reverse result was true under N or NㆍP fertilization, but the annual forage yield was decreased in the order of N and P, N, P, and no fertilization. The mixture yields were overyielded compared to the Expected Yield. Although generally RCCs and RYTs of subclover were higher than those of berseem clover in the mixtures differing the composition rate or under no and only P fertilization, those of the former clover were lower under N or NㆍP fertilization. In the clover-ryegrass mixtures, ryegrass acted as an aggressor and became more aggressive under P fertilization.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 1989

A vegetation survey of the native pasture was conducted in Cheju from July to September, 1980. The purpose of this investigation were, to determine the botanical composition of the native pasture and to estimate how they can be improved to the feed resources of livestock industry. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Grass species existed in native pasture were 64 species with Pwceae 13, Fabaceae 8, Carduacea 12 and other 31. Most of them were identified as perennial grasses. 2. Botanical composition of major grass species were Imperata cylindrim 32.7 %, Pteridium aquilinum 18.9 70, Miscanthus sinensis 8.4 %, and Arternisia japonicn 2.8 % respectively. 3. The average dry matter yield of forage taken on the native pasture was 383 kg per 10a and these yields were increased as the growing stages progressed. 4. Seasonal distribution of edible plants were increased as the growing stages progressed.