• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2017

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of rice black-streaked dwarf virus(RBSDV) infection rate on forage productivity of corn varieties in Cheonan of chungcheongnamdo from 2006 to 2008. Forage corn varieties of 10 were cultivated with first cropping(seeding in the last ten days of April) and second cropping(seeding in the last ten days of May) system in field and tested the infection rates of RBSDV and productivity of forage. The Infection rate of RBSDV was significant difference between corn varieties in middle district of Korea. Resistant corn varieties for RBSDV were 'Kwanganok', 'P3156', 'Kwangpeyongok' and 'P3394' but susceptible varieties were 'Suwon19', 'DK697', 'GW6959' and NC+7117. Dry matter(DM) yield of forage corn according with infection rates of RBSDV in field was significant difference between varieties(p<0.05). DM yield of susceptible varieties, 'Suwon 19', 'DK697' and 'GW6959' was lower about 20% than that of resistant varieties, 'Kwangpeyongok' and 'P3156'. For increasing the productivity of forage corn, recommend of resistant varieties for RBSDV and control of seeding time are very important in middle district of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics, yield, and chemical compositions of winter forage crops cultivated after rice harvest in the central inland region. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of 4 species (Rye, Oat, Triticale and Italian ryegrass), and varieties were "Marton", "Donghan", "Shinyoung" and "Kowinnearly", respectively. As a result, dry matter yield and TDN yield were higher in rye than in the other winter forage crops, and lowest in Oat(p<0.05). Crude protein and crude fat content were significantly higher in Italian ryegrass(p<0.05). However, Crude ash and ADF content did not show significant difference among winter forage crops. NDF content was higher in order of Rye > Triticale > Oat > Italian ryegrass(p<0.05). TDN and total amino acid content (EAA+NEAA) were higher in order of winter forage crop with high crude protein content (Italian ryegrass > Oat > Triticale > Rye). Total mineral content was higher in order of Rye > Triticale > Oat > Italian ryegrass(p<0.05), and total free sugar content was higher in order of Oat > Italian Ryegrass > Triticale > Rye(p<0.05). Compared with the results above, Italian ryegrass and Oat are high in crude protein, TDN, amino acid and free sugar content. Rye and Triticale have the merit that feed value is decreased but high yield(dry matter and TDN yield) can be maintained. Therefore, it is advantageous to grow Rye and Triticale as winter forage crops after rice harvest in the central inland region.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.355-362
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• 2017

Objective: The use of locally produced forage (LPF) in cattle production has economic and environmental advantages over imported forage. The objective of this study was to characterize the nutritional value of LPF commonly used in Korea. Differences in ruminal fermentation characteristics were also examined for the LPF species commonly produced from two major production regions: Chungcheong and Jeolla. Methods: Ten LPF (five from each of the two regions) and six of the most widely used imported forages originating from North America were obtained at least three times throughout a year. Each forage species was pooled and analyzed for nutrient content using detailed chemical analysis. Ruminal fermentation characteristics were also determined by in vitro anaerobic incubations using strained rumen fluid for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. At each incubation time, total gas, pH, ammonia, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility were measured. By fitting an exponential model, gas production kinetics were obtained. Results: Significant differences were found in the non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) content among the forage species and the regions (p<0.01). No nutrient, other than NFC, showed significant differences among the regions. Crude protein, NFC, and acid detergent lignin significantly differed by forage species. The amount of acid detergent insoluble protein tended to differ among the forages. The forages produced in Chungcheong had a higher amount of NFC than that in Jeolla (p<0.05). There were differences in ruminal fermentation of LPF between the two regions and interactions between regions and forage species were also significant (p<0.05). The pH following a 48-h ruminal fermentation was lower in the forages from Chungcheong than from Jeolla (p<0.01), and total VFA concentration was higher in Chungcheong than in Jeolla (p = 0.05). This implies that fermentation was more active with the forages from Chungcheong than from Jeolla. Analysis of gas production profiles showed the rate of fermentation differed among forage species (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the nutritional values of some LPF (i.e., corn silage and Italian ryegrass) are comparable to those of imported forages widely used in Korea. This study also indicated that the nutritional value of LPF differs by origin, as well as by forage species. Detailed analyses of nutrient composition and digestion kinetics of LPF should be routinely employed to evaluate the correct nutritional value of LPF and to increase their use in the field.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate to adaptability of forage rape(Brassica napus oleifera) and the determine its proper sowing time for a second cropping on the fallow field after sweet corn yield in the Hongchon area The forage rape, Ramon was sown at intervals of about ten days given eight different sowing times as treatments the early August to the middle October 1988. Plant height and DM yield were significantly higher for the early August(P<0.05) than for the other sowing times. Crude protein contents of the early August, mid August, mid September and late September were higher(P<0.05) 26.5, 24.3, 27.1 and 30.9% as much as that of the late August(l4.9%), respectively. Sowing time having high content of crude fiber shown low content of crude protein. Yields of crude protein were 3.52, 2.36, IAltha in the early, mid and late August, respectively. The highest crude protein yield was shown in the early August(P<0.05). Crude fiber yield was higher in early, mid and late August than in the other sowing times. These results indicate that forage rape sown in the early August as a second cmpping on the fallow field after sweet corn yield in Hongchon area, could be used as the high quality forage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2004

The effect of eight varieties of grain and forage type whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L Japonica) each harvested at four stages of maturity were investigated for morphology and yield, proportion of botanical fractions, fermentatability and chemical composition in an $8{\times}4$ factorial experiment. All crops were sown in 1997 at Saitama Prefecture, Japan under identical condition and harvested on 10, 22, 34 and 45 days after flowering in 1998. Total DM yield of forage type varieties was similar to that of the highest yield of grain type varieties. However, while yield of forage type varieties was attributed to higher proportion of straw than head, the reverse was in the case of grain type varieties. Yield in line with the proportion of head increased (p<0.001), but in contrast proportion of straw decreased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. Silage fermentability of grain type varieties was better than forage type varieties. Fermentability improved with the increase (p<0.001) in maturity suggesting that the moisture content should be reduced to improve fermentation quality. Forage type varieties contained higher (p<0.001) ash, crude fat (EE), organic cell wall (OCW) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), but contained lower crude protein (CP), organic cell content (OCC), CP in OCC and nitrogen-free cell wall extract (NCWFE) than the grain type varieties. The ash, CP, EE, Oa (60% digestible OCW), Ob (40% digestible OCW), OCW, ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) decreased (p<0.001), but OCC and NCWFE increased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. It is concluded that stage of maturity not only increases yield and proportion of head, but also improved the fermentation quality and increases quality chemical composition (except CP) of whole crop rice. Forage type varieties may be as good as grain type varieties in terms of yield, but fermentation quality and chemical composition may not be as good as that of grain type varieties.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2000

This syudy was conducted to increase the utility of forage rye which are suitable to be cultivated at high altitude Taekwllyong area. For that purpose two cultivars of rye (winter-more, kool-glazer) were cultivated for 3years using a randomized block design with 3 replications. The dry matter digestibility (DMD) was evaluated with the pelleted rye hay produced by adding sodium hydroxide and then the TDN value was calculated by the DMD. By adding NaOH, DMD and TDN value of rye pellets (Y=46.92+ 1.8X, ~ 0 . 9 7 )w ere increased significantly (p<0.05) and NDF (neutral detergent fiber) decrease significantly. However, ADF (acid detergent fiber) and lignin did not significantly decrease (p<0.05). Rye could be cultivated as a second crop after com at high altitude area in the same year and pelleted with NaOH in order to increase the nutritive values (p< 0.05). (Key words : Dry matter digestibility (DMD), Forage rye, NDF, ADF, Sodium hydroxide)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2019

Hay-making is one of the most common way for forage preservation in livestock industry. The quality and production of hay could be affected by various factors. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tedding time and frequency on drying rate and feed value of forage rye (Secale cereale L.) hay. Rye was harvested on heading stage using mower conditioner. Hay was tedded at each set hour(09:00, 13:00 and 17:00) and sampled at each set hour to determine dry matter (DM) content. After two months' preservation, CP (crude protein), ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility), TDN (total digestible nutrient), RFV (relative feed value), DM loss, visual scores and total fungi count were determined for estimation of hay quality. Tedding was necessary for both speeding up drying rate and improving forage quality. Tedding at 17:00 showed lower NDF content (p<0.05), and also higher RFV value was found compared with tedding at 9:00 and 13:00 (p<0.05). On the other hand, it was observed that more DM losses would be found when tedding later (p<0.05). Tedding in 1~3 times per day were lower in ADF and NDF content (p<0.05), increased CP, TDN and RFV (p<0.05), got less DM loss (p<0.05), and contained less fungi during conservation compared with no tedding (p<0.05). On the other hand, tedding too frequent caused more DM loss (p<0.05). In conclusion, for shorter drying process and higher quality of forage rye hay, tedding at 13:00~17:00 for 1~2 times per day was recommended in this study.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.208-215
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• 2017

This study was designed to investigate the carryover effects of high-forage to concentrate (F: C) diet in bred heifers on feed intake, feed efficiency (FE) and milk production of primiparous lactating Holstein cows. The experiment was conducted for 589 days (d) from onset of pregnancy through to the end of first lactation. Twenty-four bred heifers (Body weight: $BW=345.8{\pm}45.4kg$ and $15{\pm}1.2mon$ of age) randomly assigned to two groups of 3 pens containing 4 heifers each and fed high forage (HF) diet with F: C ratio of 91.7: 8.3% and low forage (LF) diet with F: C ratio of 77.8: 22.2% throughout the pregnancy period. After calving, lactating cows were fed total mixed ration (TMR) based diet. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed in dry matter intake (DMI) of bred heifers and primiparous lactating cows in both HF and LF groups. The FE of mid-to-late lactation period was higher (p< 0.05) in HF than LF group. However, the HF group showed higher (p < 0.05) milk yield, 4 % fat corrected milk (FCM) and energy corrected milk (ECM) than LF group during the 305 d lactation. The LF group showed higher (p < 0.05) milk fat, crude protein (CP), milk urea nitrogen (MUN), solid not fat (SNF) and somatic cell count (SCC) than HF group. It is concluded that restriction of F: C ratio to 91.7: 8.3% to bred heifers has the potential carryover effects to maintain higher milk yield and FE with no adverse effect on feed intake and milk composition of primiparous lactating Holstein cows.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 2006

The object of this experiment was to suggest the optimum autumn sown small forage crops as next forage crops harvested maize in Daejeon area. The field trials was conducted from 2002 to 2004 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and qualities of the autumn sown small forage crops. The experiment was consisted of split plots (main plot : forage crops as rye, barley and wheat, and sub plot 4 harvest stages as boot, heading, milk and dough) design with three replications. The average DM yield for 2 years of rye was higher than that of other forage crops (p<0.01). As stages proceed, the DM yield tended to increase in all forage crops (p<0.01). In chemical composition, they had a difference on forage crops and stages. The crude protein (CP) was higher in barley (p<0.01), but fibrous contents such as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were lower in wheat than in the other forage crops (p<0.01). In Daejeon area, although barley and wheat at milk and dough stages were observed with maximum yield and high quality as autumn sown forage crops, due to late harvesting periods, it is difficult to utilize them as previous forage crops seeded in maize. Based on the result mentioned above, it is concluded that rye harvested at boot to heading stages is the most suitable fur autumn sown small forage crops in Daejeon area. Meanwhile, in order to have the option of nutritional value in wheat and barley, they need to be supplied early maturing and high-yield variety of wheat and barley.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the quality of high moisture rye silage. Rye forage (Secale cereale L.) was harvested at the heading stage (27.3% of dry matter (DM)) and cut into approximately 3-5 cm lengths. Then, the forage divided into 4 treatments with different inoculants: 1) No additives (CON); 2) Lactobacillus brevis strain 100D8 at a 1.2 × 10⁵ colony-forming unit (cfu)/g of fresh forage (LBR); 3) Leuconostoc holzapfelii strain 5H4 at a 1.0 × 10⁵ cfu/g of fresh forage (LHO); and 4) Mixture of LBR and LHO (1:1 ratio) applied at a 1.0 × 10⁵ cfu/g of fresh forage (MIX). About 3 kg of forage from each treatment was ensiled into a 20 L mini-bucket silo in quadruplicate for 100 days. After silo opening, silage was collected for analyses of chemical compositions, in vitro nutrient digestibilities, fermentation characteristics, and microbial enumerations. The CON silage had the highest concentrations of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (p = 0.006; p = 0.008) and a lowest in vitro DM digestibility (p < 0.001). The pH was highest in CON silage, while lowest in LBR and MIX silages (p < 0.001). The concentrations of ammonia-N, lactate, and acetate were highest in LBR silage (p = 0.008; p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Propionate and butyrate concentrations were highest in CON silage (p = 0.004; p < 0.001). The LAB and yeast counts were higher in CON and LHO silages compare to LBR and MIX silages (p < 0.001). However, the mold did not detect in all treatments. Therefore, this study could conclude that L. brevis 100D8 and Leu. holzapfelii strain 5H4 can improve the digestibility and anti-fungal activity of high moisture rye silage.