• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.314-320
• /
• 2020

Background: A diabetic foot is the most common cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations (LEA). The study seeks to assess the risk factors of amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Methods: The study was conducted on 351 patients with DFUs from January 2010 to December 2018. Their demographic characteristics, disease history, laboratory data, ankle-brachial index, Wagner classification, osteomyelitis, sarcopenia index, and ulcer sizes were considered as variables to predict outcome. A chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to test the relationship of the data gathered. Additionally, the subjects were divided into two groups based on their amputation surgery. Results: Out of the 351 subjects, 170 required LEA. The mean age of the subjects was 61 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 15 years; there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of these averages. Osteomyelitis (hazard ratio [HR], 6.164; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.561-10.671), lesion on percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (HR, 2.494; 95% CI, 1.087-5.721), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.981-0.999), ulcer size (HR, 1.247; 95% CI, 1.107-1.405), and forefoot ulcer location (HR, 2.475; 95% CI, 0.224-0.73) were associated with risk of amputation. Conclusion: Osteomyelitis, peripheral artery disease, chronic kidney disease, ulcer size, and forefoot ulcer location were risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot patients. Further investigation would contribute to the establishment of a diabetic foot risk stratification system for Koreans, allowing for optimal individualized treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.169-173
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to improve the asymmetrical weight-bearing ratio, by applying different repetitive sit-to-stand training methods to the paretic-side foot of hemiplegic patients, as well as to provide the necessary information for applying balance training with hemiplegic patients. Methods: The subjects were divided into two groups: a spontaneous foot group and an asymmetrical foot group. They all performed repetitive sit-to-stand training five times a week for a total of six weeks. The sit-to-standing movement was studied using standardized clinical tests. The Biodex Balance System, Time up and go test (TUG), 5 times sit-to-stand test (5XSST), and functional reach test (FRT) were used to measure the static and dynamic standing balance of the patients. Results: In the balance system measurement, the results for the overall index, ant-post index, med-lat index, fall risk index, 5XSST, and FRT after the training differed significantly between the comparison groups (p<0.05). In the evaluation of dynamic balance, the differences in TUG did not differ significantly between the comparison groups after the training (p>0.05). Conclusion: The study found that the asymmetrical group showed significant increases in static and dynamic balance in comparison to the spontaneous group after repetitive sit-to-stand training. Based on this result, it is clear that training in an asymmetrical position with the paretic foot back can increase the left-right stability limit and the anterior-posterior stability limit, thus improving balance control.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 1985

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the suitability of Boesun (the Korean Socks) to the foot. In order to find the problem of Boesun, I made up the questionnaire. The suitabltity of Boesun to the foot was experimented by 'the replica method', 'the fuse method' and 'the deform painting method'. The pressure of Boesun to the foot was measured by utilizing a human sensitivity as a sensor. The results were as follows. 1. In the questionnaire, the fore part of Boesum was uncomfortable by the pressure. 2. The surface area of Boesun was generally smaller than the surface area of the foot, but the ratio of two surface area related closely to the individual. 3. At the cross-sections from No. 1 to No. 10, the breadth of the worn Boesun was smaller than the breadth of the foot. Because of the smaller breadth of the worn Boesun, the foot was get the pressure at the fore part of Boesun. This result accorded with the result of the questionnaire. 4. The location of the deformation by 'deform painting method' was almost the fore part of Boesun. 5. The pressure of Kwon's Boesun was 2.57$\~$2.99kg, the pressure of Kim's Boesun was 1.31$\~$1.74 kg and the pressure of Lee's Boesun was 3.42$\~$3.88kg. Compared with the distribution chart of the pressure, Kwon's Boesun was involved the back part of 'slightly pressured' and the fore part of 'pressured', Kim's Boesun was involved the fore part of 'slightly pressured' and Lee's Boesun was involved the middle part of 'pressured'.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.144-148
• /
• 2002

Purpose: To evaluate clinical characteristics of soft-tissue masses around the foot Materials and Methods: Sixty seven cases of soft tissue masses around the foot, excised at Kang Dong Sacred Heart hospital from Jan. 1987 to Oct. 2000, were included in the study. The age and sex of the patient, location and size of the lesion, history of trauma, presence or absence of pain and neurological symptoms as wellas final pathological diagnosis were obtained from retrospective analysis. Results: For type of lesion, all lesions were benign. Ganglion was 23 cases, epidermal inclusion cyst was 10 cases, lipoma was 8 cases, hemangioma was 5 cases and fibroma was 4 cases. For age, 63 percent of the patients were either between the ages of twenty and thirty nine or between the ages of fifty and fifty nine. For sex, the male-to-female ratio was 1 to 1.4. For zones of the foot, 18 cases were in Zone 1, 17 in Zone 4, 12 in Zone 2, 12 in Zone 3 and 8 in Zone 5. For clinical finding, 18 cases had pain. Conclusion: Ganglion was the most common lesions, followed in order of frequency by epidermal inclusion cyst, lipoma, hemangioma and fibroma. Lesions occurred frequently at Edward and Michael Zone 1, 4 and pain was the most common symptom.

• 스트레스연구
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 아로마테라피 족욕이 스트레스와 자율신경계의 활성도에 미치는 효과를 비교하기 위한 연구이다. 실험 처치로 아로마테라피 족욕 군에게는 에센셜 오일 라벤더, 레몬, 티트리를 6:3:1의 비율로 혼합한 후 18 L의 물에 0.5 cc 떨어뜨려 족욕을 하도록 하였고, 족욕 군은 물로만 족욕을 하도록 하였다. 연구결과로 아로마테라피 족욕은 주관적 스트레스 점수(t=3.465, p=0.001), 스트레스 지수(t=3.021, p=0.004)가 유의하게 감소하였으며, 교감신경 활성도는 아로마테라피 족욕 군이 더 유의하게 증가하였고(t=-2.913, p=0.005), 부교감신경 활성도는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다(t=-1.831, p=0.072). 결론적으로 아로마테라피 족욕과 족욕 모두 스트레스를 완화하는 데 효과적이었으며 그 중 아로마테라피 족욕이 스트레스를 더 완화했다. 그러므로 아로마테라피 족욕이 스트레스 감소를 위한 효과적인 중재가 될 수 있으므로, 건강한 성인뿐만 아니라 간호 대상자의 스트레스 감소를 위한 중재로 적극적으로 활용될 수 있으리라 생각한다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2017

Background: The purpose of this case study was to investigate into the effect of complex exercise program on the postural change, gait and balance ability in elementary school students with forward head posture. Methods: Four patients with forward head posture were recruited. They were evaluated pre-treatment, and after 6weeks, using neck disability index (NDI), numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), balance ability, foot pressure (fore foot/rear foot peak pressure ratio, F/R ratio), gait ability (cadence, toe out angle, stance phase). Results: First, the angle of forward head posture (craniovertebral angle; CVA and cranialrotation angle; CRA) was decreased in all subjects. The NPRS and NDI were decreased in all subjects. Also, The cadence, toe out angle and F/R ratio were increased in all subjects. The stance phase of gait cycle was positively change in all subjects. Lastly, the static balance ability improved in all subjects. Conclusion: According to the results above, the complex exercise program for students with forward head posture can help improve the postural change, gait and balance ability. Also, the complex exercise program was able to select interventions depending on the patient's condition and the desired goal.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2014

Purpose: Reconstructive surgeries for equinocavovarus foot deformities are quite variable, including hind-midfoot osteotomy or arthrodesis, soft tissue procedure, tendon transfers, etc. Comprehensive evaluation of the deformity and its etiology is mandatory for achievement of successful deformity correction. Few studies in this field have been reported. We report on the clinical and radiographic outcome of reconstruction for cavovarus foot deformities. Materials and Methods: The study is based on 16 feet with cavovarus foot deformities that underwent bony and soft tissue reconstructive surgery from 2004 to 2008. We evaluated the etiologies, varieties of surgical procedures performed, pain score, functional scores, and patient satisfaction and measured the radiographic parameters. Results: The average age at the time of surgery was 39.4 years old, with a male/female ratio of 9/4 and an average follow-up period of 23.9 months (range, 12~49 months). The etiologies of the cavovarus deformity were idiopathic 7 feet, residual poliomyelitis 5 feet, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2 feet, and Guillain-Barre syndrome and hemiplegia due to cerebrovascular accident sequela 1 foot each. Lateral sliding calcaneal osteotomies were performed in 12 feet (75%), followed by Achilles tendon lengthening and plantar fascia release in 11 feet (69%), and first metatarsal dorsiflexion osteotomy/arthrodesis and tendon transfer in 10 feet (63%). Visual analogue scale pain score showed improvement, from an average of 4.2 to 0.5 points. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score showed significant improvement, from 47.8 to 90.0 points (p<0.05). All patients were satisfied. Ankle range of motion improved from $27.5^{\circ}$ to $46.7^{\circ}$. In radiographic measurements, calcaneal pitch angle improved from $19.1^{\circ}$ to $15.8^{\circ}$, Meary angle from $13.0^{\circ}$ to $9.3^{\circ}$, Hibb's angle from $44.3^{\circ}$ to $37.0^{\circ}$, and tibio-calcaneal axis angle from varus $17.5^{\circ}$ to varus $1.5^{\circ}$ Conclusion: We achieved successful correction of cavovarus foot deformities by performing appropriate comprehensive reconstructive procedures with improved functional, radiographic measures and high patient satisfaction.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.123-129
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze radiological change of Kager's triangle in patients with retrocalcaneal disorders. Materials and Methods: Areas of Kager's triangle and calcaneus were calculated with Heron's Formula. Average of area ratio (area of Kager's triangle / area of calcaneus) was calculated for comparison and analysis, according to disease activity and aging process. One-tailed Z-test was done with the average of area ratio. Results: Average of area ratio (area of Kager's trianlge / area of calcaneous) tends to decrease according to aging process and disease existence. Conclusion: Because area of Kager's triangle in patients with retrocalcaneal disorders tends to change according to disease activity and aging process, we should consider clinical correlation between the anatomical structure of Kager's triangle and retrocalcaneal symptoms.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.85-97
• /
• 2000

In this paper, static and dynamic shift control stategies of CVT speed ratio are suggested. For the static shift control, in order to operate engine on the optimal operating region, a fuzzy control logic is used. In the fuzzy logic, S- factor that is defined as a degree of sportiness is introduced. Simulation results show that the static shift control strategy based on the fuzzy logic selects the optimal operating point automatically between the economy and the sporty mode corresponding to the driver's desire and the driving condition. For the dynamic shift control strategy, a shift speed map is suggested which determines the shift sped as fast or slow based on Δi, the difference between the desired speed ratio id and the actual speed ratio i, and throttle opening. It is seen from the simulation results that the CVT shift speed is determined by the dynamic shift control strategy to provide appropriate performance and comfort for the driver's demand and driving condition. Additionally, experiments are performed to investigate the dynamic performance of the shift speed for the lift foot up. From the experimental results, it is found that improved shift feeling can be obtained by the dynamic shift control strategy when lift foot up occurs.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 1993

용량 이행형 방전여기에 의한 소형 XeCl레이저를 제작하고, 가스 혼합비에 따른 출력특성을 조사하였다. 내자형 capacitor에 의한 자동 예비전리 방식과 2.7 cm 간격의 Chang형상으로 가공된 전극구조의 레이저를 구성하여 2.7cm${\times}$1.5cm 크기의 출력 빔을 얻었고, Xe과 HC1의 농도 변화 및 완충 기체의 종류에 따른 최대 출력 에너지 및 최대 효율 조건을 조사하였다. 최대 레이저 펄스 에너지는 Ne 완충기체를 사용시 230mJ이며, 단위 방전 체적당 1.1 J/l의 에너지를 얻었으며, 최대 에너지 효율은 1.6%이었다. 1:3의 낮은 비율의 피-킹 캐패시턴스의 구성에 의해 레이저 펄스폭은 장펄스 효과를 나타내 foot-to-foot 200 ns로 측정되었다.