• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

In order to let the humanoid robot walk on the uneven terrains, the robot's foot should have the similar structure and function as human's. The intelligent foot should be made up of toes and heel. When it walks on the uneven terrains, the foot's sole senses the force and adjusts foot's position before robot losing his balance. In this paper, the force sensors of robot's intelligent foot for having the similar structure and function like human are developed. The heel 3-axis force/moment sensor and toe force sensors for humanoid robot's intelligent foot is developed, and the characteristic tests of them are carried out. As a result of characteristic test, the interference error of the heel 3-axis force/moment sensor is less than 2.2%. It is thought that the developed force sensors could be used to measure the reaction forces which is applied the toes and the heel of a humanoid robot.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.19-27
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine changes of postural sway and weight distribution after cooling the foot. Methods: Ten men with no history of sensory, neurological and orthopedic disorders were participated in this study. They performed four methods: (1) non-treated feet group(control group); (2) both feet treated group; (3) right foot treated group; and (4) left foot treated group. The feet of them were put into ice box, then they stood more than forty seconds on EMED system with bared feet. Data on the moving length, velocity, and maximum velocity of COP and the weight distributions during thirty seconds only were measured in standing position. Results: (1) The moving length and velocity of COP were significant difference between control group and both feet treated group only(p<0.05). (2) The maximum velocity of COP was significant difference among control group and all experimental groups. (3) The changes of weight distribution were significant difference among control group and right/left foot treated groups. Conclusions: Cooling the foot led to increased postural sway and changed weight distribution patterns.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.421-429
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the effects of arch support taping on static balance, static/dynamic foot contact area, and ground reaction force during walking according to the types of elastic tapes with mechanical elasticity differences. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Twenty-six participants selected for flexible flat feet through the navicular drop test were randomly assigned to non-taping, Dynamic-taping, and Mechano-taping conditions. Static balance and foot contact area were compared in the standing posture according to arch support taping conditions, and foot contact area and ground reaction force were compared during walking. Results: There was no significant difference in static balance according to the taping condition in the standing position, but the foot contact area in the Mechano-taping condition showed a significant decrease compared to the non-taping condition (p<0.05). The foot contact area during walking significantly decreased in the Dynamic-taping and Mechano-taping conditions (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the ground reaction force. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that among the types of elastic taping, arch support taping using dynamic taping and Mechano-taping has the effect of supporting the arch with high elastic recovery. Any type of elastic tape can be used for arch alignment in flexible flat foot.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.490-491
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• 2019

Inversion and Eversion of the foot means that the ankle is in a $90^{\circ}$ neutral position and bends to the inside and outside of the foot, respectively. The angle of the inversion of the foot is extremely normal from 20 to 35 degrees, and the angle of the ankle is 10 to 20 degrees. If the angle of foot Inversion and Eversion are below normal values or accompanied by sore pain, there is a problem.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.155-171
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variables of over head kick(OHK) in soccer with three dimensional analysis technique and show the kinematic characteristics of it. The 7 subjects were university football player who have been playing football more than 7 years. The OHK was filmed on 16mm video camera(30frame/sec.) kinematic variables were temporal, postures, and COG(center of gravity). The mean values and the standard deviation for each variables were obtained and used as basic factors for examining characteristics of OHK. The results of this analysis were as follows : Temporal variables : The total time elapsed(TE) of OHK was $0.95{\sim}1.14sec$, the 1st phase was 0.35sec., 2nd phase was 0.46sec., and 3rd phase was 0.22sec.. Posture variables : When subjects performed OHK at the impact event, the ankle and knee angle of kicking foot were more extend than supporting foot. but the hip angle of supporting foot were more extend than kirking foot. Moving distance of the center of mass of the both foot. When subject performed OHK at the impact event, the range of distance on mediolateral direction aspect into right left shoulder line, anteroposterior direction aspect was $20.9{\pm}10.5cm$, vertical direction aspect was $92.3{\pm}19.9cm$. Angular velocity : the faster angular velocity of knee ankle on the kicking foot pew form jump position to landing position, the faster velocity of ball became. C. O. G. variables. When subject performed OHK at the impact event, upper part of the body was getting lower, lower part of the body was getting higher.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.443-449
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• 2021

In this study, the purpose is to present the foot inclination angle for realizing an image similar to that of the existing examination method and to present the clinical usefulness of the new examination method through comparison between the existing examination method and the newly designed standing foot oblique projection. A foot phantom was used, and the magnification of the image according to the angle was quantitatively evaluated by attaching a nut to the position of the cuboid of the phantom. The internal oblique image acquired using a 30° wedge was set as the standard image. And that image was compared with the images acquired by changing the angle of the foot from 20° to 65° at intervals of 5°. Image evaluation was performed by 3 radiological technologists, and qualitative evaluation using a Likert 5-point scale for evaluation items of true oblique view and quantitative evaluation of the value obtained by measuring the diameter of a nut in each image were performed as image evaluation. For data analysis, reliability analysis between the measure and comparative analysis of the average value for each angle were performed. The qualitative evaluation score for each image was 4.5 to 5 points for most questions in the case of the standard image. And 4 points or less for most questions in the images with a foot angle of 45° or less, and an evaluation score close to the standard image was obtained in the image of 50° or more. And in the quantitative evaluation, the diameter of the nut was measured to be 9.28~9.56 mm. The qualitative evaluation showed a reliability of 0.95~1.0 and the quantitative evaluation was 0.62. As a result of comparing and analyzing the average of the quantitative and qualitative average values for each angle image, the group with the average value most similar to the standard image was images obtained at 55° and 60°, and in the post-analysis, the images of both groups were the same group as the standard image(p<0.01). As a result of this study, it was found that the angle of inclination of the foot for realizing the image most similar to the existing image in the standing foot oblique projection is 55°~60°. In addition, if this test method is applied to the clinic, it is believed that it will help prevent safety accidents such as falls during the test and improve test efficiency by minimizing the movement of patients for the test.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Background: Short foot exercise (SFex) is often prescribed and performed in the sport and rehabilitation fields to strengthen intrinsic foot muscles. However, SFex is difficult to perform because of lack of feedback methods. Objects: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of SFex with and without electromyography (EMG) biofeedback on the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) of healthy individuals who maintained a static standing position. Methods: All participants (14 males and 12 females) were randomly divided into two groups (biofeedback and non-biofeedback groups). The EMG activity of the abductor hallucis (AbdH) and tibialis anterior (TA) and the MLA angle on the dominant leg side were measured with the participant in the standing position in the pre- and post-intervention conditions. The intervention session consisted of 15 minutes of SFex with (biofeedback group) or without (non-biofeedback group) EMG biofeedback. The groups were compared using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The post-intervention activities of the AbdH muscle (p<.05) and the AbdH/TA ratio (p<.05) were significantly greater in the biofeedback group than in the non-biofeedback group. The activity of the TA (p<.05) and the MLA angle (p<.05) in the biofeedback group were significantly lower in the post-intervention condition than in the pre-intervention condition. Conclusion: The present findings demonstrate that the combination of SFex and EMG biofeedback can effectively facilitate the muscle activity of the AbdH and strengthen the medial longitudinal arch.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.1575-1591
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a new method detecting foot motion capture in order to overlap in realtime foot's 3D virtual model from stereo cameras. In order to overlap foot's virtual model at the same position of the foot, a process of the foot's joint detection to regularly track the foot's joint motion is necessary, and accurate register both foot's virtual model and user's foot in complicated motion is most important problem in this technology. In this paper, we propose a dynamic registration using two types of marker groups. A plane information of the ground handles the relationship between foot's virtual model and user's foot and obtains foot's pose and location. Foot's rotation is predicted by two attached marker groups according to instep of center framework. Consequently, we had implemented our proposed system and estimated the accuracy of the proposed method using various experiments.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.06c
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• pp.323-327
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• 1994

There have been three contrastive claims over the classification of Korean. To answer the classification question, timing variables which would determine the durations of syllable, word and foot were investigated with various words either in isolation or in sentence contexts using Soundcoup/16 on Macintosh P.C., and a total of 284 utterances, obtained from six Korean speakers, were used. It was found 1) that the durational pattern for words tended to maintain in utterances, regardless of position , subjects and dialects 2) that the syllable duration was determined both by the types of phoneme and by the number of phonemes, the word duration both by the syllable complexity and by the number of syllables, and the foot duration by the word complexity, 3) that there was a constractive relationship between foot length in syllables and foot duration and 4) that the foot duration varied generally with word complexity if the same word did not occur both in the first foot and in the second foot. On the basis of these, it was concluded that Korean is a word timed language where, all else being equal, including tempo, emphasis, etc., the inherent durational pattern for words tends to maintain in utterances. The main difference between stress timing, syllable timing and word timing were also discussed.

• IE interfaces
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2004

The increased use of computers has introduced a variety kind of human-computer interfaces. Mouse is one of the useful interface tools to place the cursor on the desired position on the monitor. This paper suggested a foot controlled isotonic mouse which was similar to the ordinary hand-controlled mouse except that positioning was controlled by the right foot and the clicking was performed by the left foot. Experimental results showed that both the index of difficulty(IOD) and the display-control gain(DC gain) varied the total movement time in a target acquisition task on the monitor. The present authors also drew the optimal display-control gain of the foot-controlled isotonic mouse over the index of difficulty of 1.0 to 3.0. The optimal display-control gain, i. e., 0.256, could be used when designing a foot-controlled isotonic mouse.