• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.236-239
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• 2009

Heel abscesses present as heel pain that progressively worsens, with associated tenderness and fullness a the heel pad. To our knowledge, there are fews reports in the literature describing a spontaneous heel pad abscess. A 48-years old woman presented spontaneously with pain, erythema, edema and increased warmth to this right foot. She has no underlying disease and steroid injection history. A radiologic examination was suggestive of an abscess. Follow incision and drainage, cultures that were taken during the surgical procedure did not produce any organism. The patient was discharged home and recovered from the abscess without recurrence or further surgical intervention.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.270-275
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• 2012

There may be complications after comminuted or intraarticular calcaneal fracture regardless of the initial treatment. Transcalcaneal talonavicular dislocation is rarely reported severe form of calcaneal fracture. We experienced a neglected transcalcaneal talonavicular subluxation case, who had been treated for intraarticular calcaneal fracture conservatively. Subtalar distraction bone block fusion was done for calcaneal malunion with talonavicular subluxation. Inspite of successful subtalar fusion, pain was persisted because of talonavicular re-subluxation with arthritis and calcaneocuboid arthritis. So, second operation, the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid fusion, was done. After union achieved, the patient's foot pain was improved. Calcaneal malunion combined with talonavicular subluxation and unstable transverse tarsal joint, such as this case, initial triple arthrodesis could be considered.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.177-180
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• 2018

This paper reports a rare case of the symptomatic third metatarsal (MT3) - lateral cuneiform (LC) in a 55-year-old male who presented with complaints of severe intermittent pain in his right foot. Plain radiographs and computed tomography scans revealed sclerosis and irregularity at this joint. The intraoperative findings demonstrated a fibrocartilaginous coalition. The pain had improved one year after removing the MT3-LC joint by en bloc and arthrodesis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2000

Background: Peripheral nerve injury sometimes leads to chronic neuropathic pain such as causalgia. A subset of patients with causalgia have a sympathetically maintained pain which is often evoked by cooling stimuli. However, our knowledge on adrenergic receptor types responsible for cold-evoked pain that is sympathetically dependent is lacking. The present study was conducted to investigate subtypes of adrenoceptors involved in mediating cold-evoked pain that developed following peripheral nerve injury. Methods: Neuropathic surgery was performed by a unilateral ligation of L5 and L6 spinal nerves of rats. Behavioral sign of cold-evoked pain was examined for 5 min by measuring cumulative duration of time that the rat lifted its foot off a metal plate held at cold temperature ($5^{\circ}C$). Whether cold-evoked pain behavior was affected by antagonists of various subtypes of adrenoceptors, which were administered intraperitoneally before and after the ligation, was investigated. Results: After ligation, duration of foot lifting on the ligated side at cold temperature increased as compared to the pre-operative period. This increase maintained for the entire 40-day test period. Pretreatment with alpha-antagonist phentolamine produced a suppression of cold-evoked pain behavior that was not affected by beta-antagonist propranolol pretreatment. Prazosin, alpha-1 antagonist, suppressed cold- evoked pain behavior when treated either before or after nerve ligation. On the other hand, alpha-2 antagonist yohimbine was without effect on cold-evoked pain behavior whether it was treated before or after the ligation. Conclusions: The results suggest that peripheral nerve injury develops cold-evoked pain that is sympathetically dependent, and that alpha-1 adrenoreceptor plays a critical role for the generation of this type of pain in its initiation as well as maintenance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the prevalence, risk factors and clinical meanings of geriatric foot problems and to suggest implications for the future. Methods: One hundred eighty nine elderly aged 60 and over from institution as well as community were investigated for their foot conditions by means of a questionnaire including general characteristics, self care capacity, risk factors, foot problem checklist, X-ray, podoscopy and foot scan. Descriptive statistics and $\chi^2$-test was performed as appropriate utilizing SPSS version 14. Less than .05 of p-value was adopted as statistical significance level. Results: All subjects had at least one kind of foot problem and the most prevalent ones were nail problems, foot deformities in order. Prevalence of foot pain and edema was relatively low. Conclusion: Foot problem in elderly is prevalent and geriatric foot is expected to emerge as one of the most important problems in the geriatric field. Therefore strategies to deal with geriatric foot should be developed and practiced for better quality of life in later life.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the effects of foot reflexology on pain and quality of sleep in patients with terminal cancer. Method: Quai-experimental research design was used. The subjects of this study were consisted of 19 for experimental group and 18 for control group. Visualue Scale(VAS) was used as the measurement tool of pain in this study, Verra & Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale(VSH) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) were used as the measurement tool of perceived quality of sleep. Data were analyzed using statistical methods such as frequency, percent, $x^2$-test, t-test using SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Results: The hypothesis 1 that the experimental group with reflexology has less degree of pain than the control group without reflexology was supported (t=5.41, p<.001). The hypothesis 2 that the experimental group with reflexology has higher degree of VSH Scale than the control group without reflexology was supported(t=2.37, p=.02). The hypothesis 3 that the experimental group with reflexology has the difference among the mean of sleep VAS Scale during the 12 measurement periods was not supported(F=1.63, p=.08), and no significant interactions between group and time. Conclusion: It is considered that reflexology is effective for reducing cancer pain and improving quality of sleep in patients with terminal cancer.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Tai Chi exercise program on physical fitness, pain, and self-efficacy in patients with osteoarthritis. Method: A preexperimental research design was applied to 22 subjects who dwelled at a welfare institution in C-city and agreed to participate in this study. The Tai Chi exercise was conducted with a duration of 60 minutes per session twice a week for 9 weeks. Outcome measures were physical fitness($VO_{2}max$, strength, flexibility, foot power, agility, balance), pain, and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and paired t-test. Result: After participating in the Tai Chi exercise program, the subjects showed significant improvements in strength, agility, balance, pain and self-efficacy. But there were no significant differences in $VO_{2}max$, flexibility and foot power. Conclusion: The results showed that Tai Chi exercise would partially improve physical fitness and be effective for pain reduction and self efficacy as well. Further studies are needed to confirm the effects of Tai Chi exercise on physical fitness.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.47-67
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• 2004

Objectives : In the present study, the effect of Scolopendrid Water-Alcohol Extract (SWAE) applied to acupuncture point BL23 (Shinsu) on the neuropathic pain was examined. A common source of persistent pain in humans is the neuropathic pain. Anti-convulsant drugs are used to treat the neuropathic pain. In the oriental medicine, Scolopendrid was used for long time to treat convulsant syndrome and back pain, etc. Methods : On the bases of the Scolopendrid clinical application, the effect of SWAE applied to the acupuncture point was tested in the rat model of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain was induced by tight ligation of L5 spinal nerve. When rats developed pain behaviors, One hundred microliter of SWAE was applied into the ipsilateral BL23 point at a dose of 10 mg/ml under enflurane anesthesia. The foot withdraw latency of the hind limb was measured for an indicator of pain level after each manipulation. Results : SWAE injection increased the mechanical threshold of the foot in the rat model of neuropathic pain significantly for the duration of 4h, suggesting a partial alleviation of pain. SWAE applied to BL23 point produced a significant improvement of mechanical sensitivity of the foot lasting for at least 4h. However, neither contralateral BL23 point, ST25 (Chonchu) point, nor LR3 (Taechung) point produce as much increase of mechanical sensitivity as ipsilateral BL23 point. And, this increase of mechanical sensitivity was dose-dependent. The improvement of mechanical threshold was interpreted as an analgesic effect. In addition, the analgesic effect of Scolopendrid 4 mg/kg injection is equivalent to that of gabapentin 50 mg/kg injection. The relations between SWAE-induced analgesia and endogenous nitric oxide(NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS)/neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) were also examined. Results were turned out that both NO production and nNOS/iNOS protein expression which are increased by nerve injury were suppressed by SWAE injection applied to BL23 point. Conclusions : The data suggest 1) that SWAE produces a potent analgesic effect on the neuropathic pain model in the rat and 2) that SWAE-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of nNOS/iNOS protein expression.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2020

Metatarsalgia is a generalized term used to describe forefoot pain. The possible etiologies can range from direct to indirect pathologies. Metatarsalgia has several causes. This paper evaluates the recent literature to provide an in-depth review of metatarsalgia after forefoot surgery.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2014

Objectives : The present study reports seven foot drop patients with herniated intervertebral lumbar disc treated by Muscle Energy Technique and Korean traditional medicine therapy. Methods : Seven foot drop patients with herniated intervertebral lumbar disc were treated by Muscle Energy Rechnique and Korean traditional medicine therapy and were assessed by Manual Muscle Test, numeric rating scale, and oswestry low back pain disability index. Results : Among seven foot drop patients, two cases showed complete recovery, three cases showed recovery over good grade, and two cases showed recovery over good grade after temporary weakness. numeric rating scale and oswestry low back pain disability index of all cases showed improvement. Conclusions : Seven foot drop patients with herniated intervertebral lumbar disc were treated by Muscle Energy Rechnique and Korean traditional medicine therapy and showed improvement. It is anticipated that this report benefits the future in depth study and clinical treatments on the foot drop symptom in korean medicine.