• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2002

1. Objectives Among many symptoms that the climacteric patients complain of, the major subjective symptom is both heat in the upper part and cold in the lower part of the body(e.g foot, knee, and leg). We use DITI as a method to prove the symptoms of climacteric patients such as both heat in the upper part and cold in the lower part of the body, diagnose these symptoms, and follow up the progress of the clinical treatments. 2. Subjects and Methods We compare the subcutaneous heat of the climacteric patients with the symptom of heat in the upper part and cold in the lower part of the body with young women without any specific disease. The age distribution of the experimental group is 28 patients in 40's, and 22 in 50's. The mean age of the experimental group is $48.5{\pm}4.25$. The age distribution of the control group is 17 patients in teen, 26 in 20's, 7 in 30's. The mean age of the control group is $23.31{\pm}6.45$. We measure the subcutaneous heat on the cheeks, upper arms, palms, thighs, knees, dorsum pedis, lower back, hip, upper abdomen, lower abdomen of both groups and analyse the results. 3. Statistical methods All the results are statiscally analysed using student T-test of Microsoft Exel program. Statistically significant value by the analysis of variance procedure is P<0.05. 4. Results 1. The subcutaneous heat of the whole body of the experimental group shows hypothermia compared with control group, and the hypothermic pattern gets severe on the periphery. ${\Delta}T$ between the right and left side of the body in experimental group is larger than that of control group. 2. ${\Delta}T$ between the cheeks and the hypogastric in the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group, which shows cold face. 3. ${\Delta}T$ between the upper arms and the palms in the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group, which shows cold hand. 4. ${\Delta}T$ between the thighs and the knees in the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group, which shows cold knee. 5. ${\Delta}T$ between the thighs and the feet in the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group, which shows cold foot. 6. ${\Delta}T$ between the hip and the lower back in the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group. That shows the Lower back is warmer than the hip. 7. ${\Delta}T$ between the upper and the lower abdomen in the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group, which shows cold hypogastric.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.55-62
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• 2004

In this paper, we have developed a portable acceleration measurement system to measure acceleration signals during walking and a gait analysis algorithm which can evaluate gait regularity and symmetry and estimate gait parameters automatically. Portable acceleration measurement system consists of a biaxial accelerometer, amplifiers, lowpass filter with cut-off frequency of 16Hz, one-chip microcontroller, EEPROM and RF(TX/RX) module. The algerian includes FFT analysis, filter processing and detection of main peaks. In order to develop the algorithm, eight hemiplegic patients for training set and the other eight hemiplegic patients for test set are participated in the experiment. Acceleration signals during 10m walking were measured at 60 samples/sec from a biaxial accelerometer mounted between L3 and L4 intervertebral area. The algorithm, detected foot contacts and classified right/left steps, and then calculated gait parameters based on these informations. Compared with video data and analysis by manual, algorithm showed good performance in detection of foot contacts and classification of right/left steps in test set perfectly. In the future, with improving the reliability and ability of the algerian so that calculate more gait Parameters accurately, this system and algerian could be used to evaluate improvement of walking ability in hemiplegic patients in clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.112-115
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• 2016

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the safety zone for Achilles tendon insertion in the posterior aspect of the calcaneus via the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when planning for insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Materials and Methods: This study included 95 patients. The MRI of midsagittal plane of the ankle joint was used to measure the proximal and distal insertion point for the Achilles tendon in the posterior aspect of the calcaneus. Patients were divided into three groups according to the proportion of the distal insertion point out of the entire calcaneal length: the proximal, middle, and distal insertion groups. Results: The mean proximal and distal insertion points for the Achilles tendon were measured as 1.05 cm (0~2.11 cm) and 2.36 cm (1.60~2.93 cm), respectively. When the posterior aspect of the calcaneus was used as the reference plane, none of the patients was in the proximal insertion group, while 75 and 20 patients were in the middle and distal insertion groups, respectively. The insertion portion was longer in the distal insertion group ($1.47{\pm}0.25cm$) than in the middle insertion group ($1.27{\pm}0.35cm$). Statistically significant differences with respect to the length of the insertion portion were observed between the two groups (p=0.008). Conclusion: Removal of more than 1 cm below the superior margin of the posterior calcaneus may be dangerous. An MRI study on the Achilles tendon of patients without hindfoot deformity or tendinopathy revealed various insertional characteristics. Preoperative MRI evaluation is safer than relying solely on the simple radiological assessment when planning for insertional Achilles tendinopathy.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1998

The characteristics of the patients after the calcaneal fracture that were associated with an unsatisfactory outcome were subtalar incongruity, decreased Bohler angle ratio of the fractured to the normal side, an age of more than fifty years, work involving strenuous labor, and increased time missed from work due to the injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of measurements of the range of motion of the subtalar joint. To determine reliability, evaluates of the correlatioinship between the degree of the displacement of the subtalar joint and Circle draw test after the calcaneal fracture. Fifty patients who had had fifty five calcaneal fractures were managed with open reduction and internal fixation. The results were reviewed retrospectively, between 4months and three years after the operation, with use of an evaluation system for the subtalar joint and with plain radiographs. At follow up evaluation, the result was assessed on the basis of restoration of anatomy and function of the subtalar joint. We evaluated the subtalar joint with plain films that consist of anteroposterior projection, lateral projection, calcaneal axial view, and Broden's view, and the measurements of the displacement of the subtalar joint surface after the calcaneal fracture. And we evaluated the range of motion of the subtalar joint with Circle draw test for physical evaluation. Circle draw test was evaluated and demonstrated the motion of flexion-supination-adduction and extension-pronation-abduction of the subtalar joint. And there are correlationship between the degree of the displacement and range of motion of the subtalar joint after the calcaneal fracture. The report critically reviews methords used to measure Circle draw test for physical examination of the follow up after the calcaneal fracture.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.190-198
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• 2024

Introduction: Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a rare neurological disorder marked by symmetric nerve fiber damage, commonly following rapid hyponatremia correction, with no established treatment and a poor prognosis. The condition, often linked to alcoholism, malnutrition, and various diseases, lacks comprehensive studies on its impact on gait. This research aims to quantitatively analyze gait changes in CPM patients receiving both traditional Korean and conventional rehabilitation treatments, addressing a gap in current understanding of CPM management. Case presentation: A 56-year-old male diagnosed with CPM following an initial misdiagnosis underwent combined electoracupuncture and rehabilitative treatment at ○○ university Korean medical center, resulting in significant gait improvements. A treadmill gait analysis system was used to measure changes in key gait parameters at 2-week intervals, and the patient's progress was documented. Conclusions: The quantitative analysis revealed significant gait improvements. Foot rotation decreased from 8.9° to 6.4° (right) and from 11.1° to 7.2° (left); lateral symmetry improved from -7.8 to 0.8; step length increased from 21 cm to 44 cm (right) and from 19 cm to 44 cm (left); and velocity increased from 1.2 m/s to 2.7 m/s. These findings highlight decreased foot rotation and lateral symmetry, along with increased step length and velocity, suggesting a positive outcome of the treatment regimen. Notably, the patient experienced no adverse effects related to the treatments. Despite limitations, including the singe case focus and lack of prior gait-focused CPM research, this case report provides valuable insights into effective CPM management strategies, paving the way for future research in this domain.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was compare and analyze the flexibility and dynamic balance in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and provide scientific basis for effectively treating idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: The subjects of this study were 20 members of adolescences. To measure the flexibility of the spine, a left buckling instrument was used, and it was measured using a modified sit and reach test. They were randomly divided into core exercise with sling program group (n=10) and general exercise program group (n=10), each consisting 50 minutes each for 4 times per week for 8 weeks. Results: The results of the study are as follows. First, Both groups were increased statistically significantly in spinal flexibility but no significant differences have been found between the two groups after 8 weeks of exercise. Second, Both groups were increased statistically significantly in balance ability of dynamic foot pleasure ratio but no significant differences have been found between the two groups after 8 weeks of exercise. Conclusion: In summarizing the results of this study, sling exercise with core exercise was effective in the decrease of flexibility and stability than general scoliosis exercise in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. It is also believed to be applicable to spinal diseases caused by muscular weakness since it is effective in strengthening core muscle strength.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.168-181
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identified patterns of studies and to analyze the nursing research related to the massage intervention in Korea and to improve direction of nursing research in massage intervention in Korea. Methods: The research studies related to the massage were selected from the Korean Nurses Academic Society Journal and dissertation which were conducted experimental research design the last 7 years in Korea. The total numbers of the studies were 58. Result: The study subjects were post operational state in 34.5%, healthy adult in 17.2% studies. The others dealt with infant, cancer, dementia, hypertension, preterm neonates, elderly. Types of massage were whole body in 31.1%, foot in 22.6%, hand in 17.2%, back in 13.8% studies. And Meridian massage in 17.2%. Length of massage was below 5 minutes in 17.2%, 6~10 minutes in 29.4% and 11~20 minutes in 32.8% studies. Frequency of massage was only 1 time in 25.9%, 2~5 times in 31.1% studies. Massage produced psychological and physiological effects. Positive psychologic effects were anxiety relief, pain relief, mood enhancement and fatigue relief. Positive physiologic effects on body systems were blood pressure, heart rate, edema, skin temperature, immune system, blood glucose, excretion, PMS syndrome and growth and development. Conclusion: As a result, effects of massage were almost positive. Therefore massage is useful alternative nursing intervention. But more attention research is needed to identify the objectivity instrument to measure and repeat research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.83-92
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the elastic band and stretching exercise program on ankle joint maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and plantar pressure in high-heel wearing women in their 20s. METHODS: Twenty women in their twenties were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=10) and the control group (n=10). The experimental group (n=10) performed the elastic band exercise program, while the control group (n=10) performed the stretching exercise program. Both exercise programs were performed three times a week for a total of four weeks. The BTE Primus RS was used in order to measure the ankle joint MVIC during dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion. Maximum pressure ($N/cm^2$), average pressure ($N/cm^2$) were measured using the Pedoscan. SPSS v. 21.0 software was used for all statistical analyses in this study. RESULTS: The measurement of the ankle joint's MVIC revealed that in inversion, a significant change in both feet was seen in both the experimental and control groups. In eversion, there was a significant change in both feet only in the experimental group. In terms of the rest of the results, no significant changes were visible. With regard to the plantar pressure, no significant results were seen for either foot in the comparison between or within the groups. CONCLUSION: Exercise program using elastic band and exercise program using stretching were effective on MVIC of ankle joint muscles, although it had no effect on changes of plantar pressure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

A simplified model of seat-human body is presented to analyze vibrations of human body on a seat of vehicle. The theoretical model having seven degrees-of-freedom is composed of the inter-connected masses, springs and dampers. Until now, evaluation of ride comfort has been usually performed only through vehicle tests. This study aims to complement shortcomings of conventional vehicle tests in evaluation of ride comfort by using the theoretical model. The acceleration values of the human body are obtained from frequency response functions of the theoretical model. Thereafter, Ride and SEAT indexes are acquired by considering response characteristics of the human body for the 12 axes that are presented in BS 6841. A vehicle test is carried out to measure the acceleration values for the three parts of the human body such as upper body, hip and foot. Ride and SEAT indexes of the vehicle test are also obtained by considering the response characteristics of the human body, of which results are compared with the values from the theoretical model. It is found that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1153-1160
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• 2012

This study was intended to implement ankle joint dorsi flexion training against ankle muscule strength weakening that erodes stroke patients' gait performance to examine the effect of the training on stroke patients' plantar pressure and gait ability. In this study, 36 stroke patients diagnosed with stroke due to cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage were divided to measure 10MWS which are stroke patients' gait variables maximum plantar pressure by area of the sole by collecting data using an F-scan system during gait. Given these results of the study, compared to other training groups, the ankle muscule strength reinforcing training group showed statistically significant increases of maximum plantar pressure in the great toe, the toe and the first metatasal areas too and thus it can be said that this training increases forward thrust during stroke patients' foot end taking off and positively affects stroke patients' ability to perform gait.