• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2018

PURPOSE: Stroke patients may develop an over-pronated foot, resulting in a lower medial longitudinal arch. This can lead to a structural change of the foot due to deformation of the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of modified low-dye taping on stroke patients with an excessively pronated foot. The effect of the taping on the foot after light daily activity was also examined. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 21 stroke patients with an excessively pronated foot, as measured by the navicular drop test. First, their navicular heights were measured at a relaxed standing position (measure 1) and while standing in the subtalar neutral position (measure 2). Modified low-dye taping was applied to each subject's affected foot and the navicular height was then measured for the standing posture (measure 3). Finally, each subject walked around for 10 minutes and the navicular height was measured again (measure 4). RESULTS: Statistical analyses showed that the navicular height value at the relaxed standing position (measure 1) was significantly lower than for the other 3 measurements. That is, the modified low-dye taping was effective in maintaining a subtalar neutral position, even after a 10-minute walk, for stroke patients with an excessively pronated foot. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that modified low-dye taping applied to stroke patients with an excessively pronated foot could be an effective way to place the subtalar joint in a neutral position, and that its effect can be sustained for light daily activities.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.1022-1027
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• 2004

In this paper, an embedded foot pressure measurement system is proposed to measure foot pressure based on the embedded Linux system. To measure foot pressure data and to evaluate foot pressure distribution for the different insoles, FSR sensor, A/D converter, iPAQ PDA, and a time division measurement method are employed in the system. Utilizing this system, the foot pressure analysis has been performed for the different four shoes. The number of foot pressure/voltage conversion circuits are drastically decreased by the proposed time division measurement method from 406 to 14. The experimental results for the sandal, slipper, oxford shoes and sneakers demonstrate that the proposed system successfully performs the foot pressure measurement.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of the research was to analyze foot pressure, foot temperature, and correlation between foot pressure and foot temperature to grasp impact on foot pressure and body temperature distribution chart depending on functional difference of leg length. Method : After measuring leg length, put 15 students whose functional difference of leg length was over 10mm to difference group and 15 students whose functional difference of leg length was under 5mm to normal group and categorize soles of foot into 6 sections of hallux head, 1st metatarsal head, 2-4 metatarsal head, 5 metatarsal head, lateral heel, and then measure by foot pressure analyzer to analyze characteristic of pressure distribution and classify into front of the lower leg, back of the lower leg, soles of foot and measure by body temperature analyzer to analyze by checking body temperature. Result : Weight difference depending on foot pressure and body temperature was bigger when functional difference of leg length was bigger, and it could be confirmed that foot pressure and body temperature of short leg side were higher than those of short leg side. Thus, if difference exists in leg length, weight load on short leg side increases which results in higher foot pressure and body temperature, therefore enabling an assumption that mechanical problem will occur in short leg. Conclusion : When functional leg length inequality, weight bearing and pressure was getting high as a result, temperature was getting high in short leg.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.139-151
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of wall-squat with short-foot exercise on pain, dysfunction, and pelvic alignment in chronic low back pain patients. METHODS: Thirty outpatients diagnosed with chronic low back pain and pronated foot were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided randomly into a wall-squat with short-foot exercise group (WS; n = 15) and a normal wall-squat exercise group (NW; n = 15). These groups performed their respective exercises 15 times, for three sets, three times a week over six weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure the subjects' pain, and the Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ) was used to measure the subjects' dysfunction. A navicular drop test (NDT) was used to measure the subjects' arch height. To assess the patients' pelvic alignment, their lordosis, sacral tilt, lumbar width, sacral width, ilium length, and ilium width were measured by X-ray imaging. RESULTS: Both the WS and NW groups exhibited significant decreases in their VAS and RMDQ scores after exercise (p < .05). The WS group exhibited significant increases in their arch height (p < .05). Significant differences in the VAS, sacral tilt, sacral width, and ilium length were observed between the WS and NW groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that wall-squat exercise is effective in decreasing the level of pain and dysfunction in chronic low back pain patients. In addition, the wall-squat with short-foot exercise is considered more effective in improving the pelvic alignment than without short-foot exercise. This can be an effective method for the non-pharmacological and non-surgical treatment of chronic low back pain

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2022

Background: Foot drop is a common symptom in stroke patients. Tape applications are widely used to manage foot drop symptoms. Previous studies have evaluated the effects of static and dynamic balance and gait on foot drop using kinesiology tape; however, only few studies have used dynamic tape application in stroke patients with foot drop. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of dynamic taping, which facilitates the dorsiflexor muscle, on static and dynamic balance and gait speed in stroke patients with foot drop. Methods: The study included 34 voluntary patients (17 men, 17 women) with stroke. The patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 17), wherein dynamic taping was used to facilitate the dorsiflexor muscle, or the control group (n = 17), wherein kinesiology taping was used. Before the taping application, velocity average, path-length average, Berg balance scale, and timed up and go test (TUG) were recorded to measure static and dynamic balance, whereas the 10-meter walk test (10MWT) was used to measure gait speed. After the taping application, these parameters were re-evaluated in both groups. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used. Statistical significance levels were set to α = 0.05. Results: Except for the 10MWT scores in the control group, significant differences were noted in all the parameters measured for static and dynamic balance and gait speed between the pre and post-test (p < 0.05). However, the parameters showed significant interaction effects between group and time in the TUG and 10MWT (p < 0.01). Conclusion: These results indicate that compared with kinesiology taping, dynamic taping used in chronic stroke patients with foot drop had a more significant effect on dynamic balance and gait speed.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2014

Purpose: To determine the normative data for the correlation of spinal, pelvic parameters with foot pressure in the young subjects. Methods: The subjects of this study were 39 patients in healthy adults. The Formetric-III was used to measure of spinal alignment. The pedoscan was used to measure of foot pressure. The correlation of trunk imbalance, trunk inclination, lateral deviation with foot pressure. The foot pressure measurement was consisted of maximal/mean pressure, weight contribution. Result: There was a negative correlation of trunk inclination with Max_R. There was a negative correlation of trunk inclination with Max_R. There was a positive correlation of trunk imbalance with Max_L. There was a positive correlation of lumbar lordosis with Mean_R_front, Lt. posterior weight distribution. There was a negative correlation of lumbar lordosis with Lt., Rt. in distribution There was a negative correlation of pelvic tilt with Mean_R_front, Lt. posterior weight distribution. There was a positive correlation of pelvic tilting with Rt. weight distribution, Lt. posterior weight distribution. There was a negative correlation of pelvic torsion with Lt. weight distribution, Rt. posterior weight distribution. There was a negative correlation of pelvic rotation with Lt. weight distribution, Lt. posterior weight distribution. Conclusion: The data obtained from the study may be used for future studies related to correlation of the spinal, pelvic deviation with foot pressure.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2007

Shoe's size and shape are determined by the last that takes shape of foot because last is the mold of shoe in development and manufacturing process. Then adaptation between foot and shoe is dependent on the last. In mass shoe production, model size is developed in the first place, other sized lasts are made through the grading process based on model size. The most important factor in grading system is grading deviation that must be same amount induced from foot measuring database. At present, most of the last manufacturing companies in korea using 260mm as a standard foot model size. When length grading deviation is 5mm, the ball girth grading deviation is 3.7mm and the ball width grading deviation is 1.2mm. I verified existing grading system by comparing grading results with foot measuring data. Also, I proposed reasonable grading deviation and application method of grading system. From the analysis of foot measuring database, reasonable grading deviations are 1.22mm in ball width and 0.84mm in ankle height in case of length grading deviation is 5mm. I confirmed that the current grading system is very accurate. When we grade last from 230mm to 290mm by current grading system based on model size 260mm, there is grading error over 1mm in the front outside area of foot. This error level of 1mm is no problem in normal walking shoe's last, but it induces adaptation problems in sports and special purposed shoe's last. Therefore using of three standard model size is recommended in grading men's last for reducing grading deviation error under the level of 1mm. It is specifically described as 235mm in 225-245mm, 260mm in 250-270mm, 285mm in 275-295mm. According to the above recommended grading system, it is enough to measure only three foot sizes in case of foot measuring project for men's last development.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

The objective of this paper was to analyse the foot type of female university students by the direct and indirect measure of foot and the measures of foot outline. The results were as follow: 1. The length and the width of foot were small and ankle slender and the modification of the big toe slight. 2. The analysis on the 16 measure items revealed five factors; the first factor was related to the width and girth of foot, the second one to the length of foot, the third one to the transformation of the little toe, the fourth one to the height of foot, the fifth one to transformation of the big toe. 3. The grouping on the shape of foot revealed three types. The inline angle of foot was the smallest in average in the type 1, while it appeared to be middle in the other types. The wider foot shapes were grouped as type 2 because their inline and outline angles of foot were the biggest in average. In the type 3, the big toe was curved a lot, since it was the largest in average. 4. From the naked eye measuring method, classification from which toe was popped-out told that Egyptian foot was 30.9%, Greek foot 27.9%. On the other hand, the instrumental method showed that Egyptian foot was 57.3%, Squared foot 35.3% and Greek foot 7.4%. 5. The result from the analysis about the traits of foot shape by the degree of the arch formation of bottom foot, showed that 33.8% had the normal foot, 66.2% slightly flat foot or middle one. There was no one with rigid flat foot. 6. The shoes size they declared were that 240cm was 33.3%, 235cm 18.1% and 245cm 18.1%. The shape of their shoe heel were flat heel(34.8%), cuban heel(25.5%), and narrow straight heel(19.9%); and that of the shoe toe were round toe(25.4%), oval toe(20.4%) and squared toe(20.4%). 7. The discomforting parts when they wear shoes were the little toe(35.4%), the rear of foot(13.9%), and the width of foot(13.9%), which was related to their dislike of shoe with the pointed toe.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.2 s.67
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• pp.252-264
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare two analytical methods classifying foot shape. The methods compared were cluster analysis method and foot index analysis method. This study defined the women's foot shape by these methods. 39 foot measurements which were automatically collected using the three dimensional foot scanner were analyzed. 203 Korean women in age 20s were participated in the anthropometric survey. Their foot shapes were classified into 5 foot types by cluster analysis: short & slim shape, flat shape, short & slender shape with slightly distorted toe, long and big shape, and short & wide shape. The foot measurements were also analyzed by the ratio of foot width and length. Five foot types that were classified by cluster analysis and three foot types that were classified by the foot index were compared. The comparison shows that cluster analysis precisely defined foot shapes. It was suggested that made-to-measure shoes making industry may adopt the foot shape analysis method utilizing cluster analysis.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2020

Purpose: This descriptive study aimed to identify the foot health condition and related characteristics of nurses. Methods: A literature-based questionnaire was developed and distributed to 472 nurses in a university hospital in B city, and data were collected from August 1 to August 15, 2020. The Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) was used to measure foot health condition. Results: The most common foot diseases among the participants were plantar fasciitis (7.8%) and hallux valgus (7.0%). To relieve foot pain, most nurses used relaxation techniques, stretching, elevating the legs, and foot massage. The level of foot health condition among nurses was lower than that of older persons or the general public with chronic foot disease. The foot health condition of the nurses showed that the lower the age and the greater the number of foot diseases, the more severe the pain and dysfunction. Conclusion: The study shows that there is a need for interventions that will raise nurses' awareness about foot health and induce better foot health management.