• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of foot massage on fatigue and depression among patients undergoing chemotherapy with hematological malignancies. Method: The subjects were 60 patients hospitalized for undergoing chemotherapy from September 2007 to March 2008, and 30 of them were the experimental group and the other 30 were the control group. To the subjects in the experimental group, foot massage was provided for 30 minutes everyday before the chemotherapy at the same time for 4 days, and the effect was measured on Day 4 and 5 after chemotherapy. Fatigue was measured using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) developed by Mendoza et al. (1999), and depression was measured by psychiatric rating scale SCL-90-R developed by Derogatis (1977) and translated by Kim Gwang il et al. The data were analyzed through $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, unpaired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 12.0. Results: Fatigue and depression were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Even on Day 5, fatigue and depression were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control after finish foot massage. Conclusion: The findings of the study demonstrated that foot massage would be an effective nursing intervention to reduce fatigue and depression in patients with hematological malignancies.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to analyze the characteristics and effect sizes of intervention studies on foot-reflexo-massage applied to cancer patients. Methods: For meta-analysis, a total of 159 studies were retrieved from search engines such as RISS, nanet, KISS, richis and KoreaMed. 16 studies published from 1990 to 2010 were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed with the RevMan 5.0 program of Cochrane library. Results: 1) The mean score of 1 implement time on foot-reflexo-massage was 25.62 minutes, the average number of days was 4.12 days, and the total number of average intervention frequency was 4.25 times. 2) Intervention studies on foot-reflexo-massage included 9 studies on anxiety (56.3%), 7 for pain (43.8%), 5 for BP/pulse (31.3%), 5 for fatigue (31.3%), 3 for nausea/vomiting (18.8%), 3 for sleep satisfaction (18.8%), and 2 for depression (12.5%). 3) The effect sizes of the intervention studies that showed higher effect size were in order, anxiety (d=-1.76), fatigue (d=-1.43), depression (d=-1.03), nausea and vomiting (d=-0.83), pain (d=-0.77), pulse rate (d=-0.61), blood pressure (d=-0.55), and sleep satisfaction (d=0.43). Conclusion: This study suggests that foot-reflexo-massage can increase sleep satisfaction, whereas decreasing blood pressure, pulse rate, anxiety, fatigue, depression, nausea, vomiting and pain.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.493-502
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on immigrant couples' communication, intimacy, conflict and quality of life when using foot massage. Methods: The research design consisted of pre-and-post test consecutive experimental design through a nonequivalent control group. Data were collected July 6, 2009 to February 27, 2010. The 36 couples were divided into two groups, experimental and control with 18 couples in each group. Foot massage was applied twice a week for 6 weeks by the couples in the experimental group. Results: There were statistically significant increases in communication (p=.011), intimacy (p<.001), quality of life (p=.017) between the couples in the experimental group compared to the control group. There was also a statistically significant decrease in conflict (p=.003) between the couples in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Foot massage can be applied as a nursing intervention for improvement of marital relationship in immigrant couples.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.179-188
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the effects of a self-foot reflexology massage on depression, stress responses and functions of the immune system of middle-aged women, Method: This study was a one group pretest-postlest experimental design and the data was collected from August $1^{st}$ 2004 to May $31^{st}$ 2005. The subjects consisted of 46 middle-aged women (40 - 64 years) who were recruited from the Community Health Center in Busan city. Subjects were not treated for 4 weeks, subsequently they were trained in self foot reflexology massage for 2 weeks, and then they did their own daily for 6weeks (2 days at the research center, 5 days at home).The outcome variables were measured 4 times, at baseline, pre training, after training, and after the intervention. The collected data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA by the SPSS/WIN program. Result: There was a statistically significant difference in depression, perceived stress, systolic blood pressure, natural-killer cells and Ig G. However, there was not a statistically significant difference in dyastolic blood pressure, pulse or serum cortisol. Conclusion: These results suggest that a self-foot reflexology massage could be utilized as an effective nursing intervention to reduce depression and stress responses, and to strengthen immune systems in middle-aged women.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2006

This study, a quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. conducted a survey on 30 patients test group and control group of IS patients sampling an adjacent population at random - who are operated on the breast cancer and are in the A University Hospital located in Suwon, to examine into the effects of foot reflex zone massage on their pain and sleep satisfaction through the nursing interventions. It gave them a foot reflex zone massage for the total 30 minutes-basic massage 10 minutes and reflex massage 20 minutes required to alleviate their pain day in day out covering a two-month period from the first of July to the first of September 2004. for the purpose of collecting data. It launched into a two-round foot reflex zone massage at 6 and 24 hours since mastectomy through a direct visit at the hospital room to measure pain intensity, physiological index(pulse and blood pressure) and sleep satisfaction of them. The results are as follows. First, it showed that there is all the difference between pain intensity of test group and that of control group. In result, the first hypothesis, pain of test group. which measure at 6(p=.000) and 24 hours(p=.001) since mastectomies, will be bigger than that of control group, was established. Second, it showed that there is all the difference between physiological index of test group and that of control group. In result. the second hypothesis, pulse(p= .025, p= .002), systolic blood pressure(p= .004, p=.012) and diastolic blood pressure(p=.004. p= .003) of test group, which investigate at 6 and 24 hours since mastectomies, will be bigger than that of control group, was established. Third, it showed that there is a significant difference between sleep satisfaction of test group and that of control group(p=.000). In result, the fourth hypothesis, sleep satisfaction of test group. which examine in the morning after mastectomies, will be bigger than that of control group, was established. In the result. a foot reflex zone massage is seen to be effective in the pain reduction and sleep promotion of patients who are operated on breast cancer, and in providing them with more qualitative care by improving confidence between them and nurses through a physical touch. Also, it can be applied to a clinical examination through an independent nursing intervention.

• CELLMED
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.6.1-6.7
• /
• 2020

In Ayurveda the eye is clarified as the most essential among all the indriyas (sensory organs), however because of changed way of life and quick pacing time we are experiencing such huge numbers of scatters, among them eye issue is most imperative as eye is the window of wellbeing. Our old acharyas (ancient scholars) have clarified about the different every day routine to be pursued for keeping up eye wellbeing, Padabhyang (foot massage) is one of them referenced in Ayurvedic dincharya (daily routine) and it has been depicted as Chakshushya (eye sight promoter) implies it improves our vision. So thinking about it, Padabhyang (foot massage) with and without snehan (oleation) was chosen for the present clinical preliminary to discover its adequacy in Timira (refractive error), result were statistically significant in subjective parameters but no change was found in objective parameter. We know, this restricted investigation has not secured every one of the angles but rather clinical preliminaries show empowering results. More study is necessary on large sample to draw the final inferences.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.12
• /
• pp.495-505
• /
• 2013

This study aims to evaluate the effects of aromatherapy and a foot reflex massage program on the cognition, anxiety, aggressive behavior, and wandering behavior of elderly with dementia. The research design was a non-equivalent control group, quasi-experimental study where 43 subjects were divided into two groups. Aromatherapy and foot reflex massage was administered to the experimental group (N=21), and no treatment was administered to the control group (N=22). The data was analyzed using the ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, while the repeated measures of ANOVA were utilized with the SPSS/Win 18.0 program. The experimental group did not show significant differences in cognitive function; however, it showed significant differences in anxiety, aggressive behavior, and wandering behavior in relation to the control group. Thus this research suggests aromatherapy and a foot reflex massage program as nursing intervention to improve the quality of life of elderly with dementia.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.375-389
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Self-foot Reflex Massage (SRM) programme on the physical condition and anxiety level of hypertension workers. The research was designed in the pre and post-test. Sample test was done in five workers with essential hypertension. They were divided in two groups:- Group A and Group B. The Self-foot Reflex Massage (SRM) was applied three times a week for Group A and five times a week for Group B. The SRM was given in 40 minutes each time for 4 weeks from the 1st of January to the 30th of April in 2001. In order to evaluate the effect on SRM. blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were measured as physical parameters and state trait anxiety inventory was used twice each time between before and after the exercise. The collected data was analysed by Mann-Whitney test with SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. Average age for the subjects were 39.8 (ranged from thirty-two to fifty-three) and average period of hypertension history was 42 months (ranged from twenty to eighty-four). 2. There was no significant difference between two examined groups in blood pressure. But, there was a significant difference in SRM of pre and post-test for two groups. 3. There was no significant difference in blood cholesterol between two groups and between pre and post-test. 4. State trait anxiety showed significant difference between pre and post-test except the results between two groups. This result suggests that SRM is effective on the decrease of systolic and diastolic pressure and the relief of state trait anxiety except for the blood cholesterol. Therefore, blood cholesterol is needed further evaluation in large subjects and longer period. Further research is regarded as necessary to evaluate and to compare the precise effects of SRM on the foot reflex massage (FRM) in anxiety.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.403-412
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this investigation is examining how treatment for foot reflex massage affect the changes in body temperature and blood composition. The cases of experiment are 10 male(n=2) and female(n=8) who don't have special clinical problems. This is the process of experiment. First, we photograph the anterior part and posterior of the upper, lower half of the body with an infrared imaging system. Second, among same parts, we compare the temperature of the whole body before treatment for foot reflex massage with the temperature after it. Then we draw blood from the body and observe a change: in numerical value of blood before and after treatment. Before and after treatment, we come to measure temperature of the whole body, the numerical value of WBC, RBC, platelet, HCT, Hb through analysis of blood, and the result of AST(GOT), ALT(GPT), ALP, GGT through analysis of serum enzyme activity of blood. There were no significant differences in blood composition. In terms of SPSS statistic program, when we explain each numerical value before and after foot massage, the abdominal, the buttocks, the femoral region universally take successful results about a change in body temperature(p<0.05).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.9
• /
• pp.249-259
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the foot-reflexology massage on sleep, depression and constipation in community-dwelling elders. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was conducted. Participants were 46 old adults, aged >65 years who were recruited from two senior welfare centers in D metropolitan city (experimental group=24, control group=22). The intervention was conducted in 10 sessions over 2 weeks, taking 20 min per session. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2-test$, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient with the SPSS 22.0 Windows program. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in sleep (t=-5.60, p<.001), depression (t=3.93, p<.001), and constipation (t=4.90, p<.001) after 2 weeks of the foot-reflexology massage. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the foot-reflexology massage is an effective intervention program for improving sleep, depression and constipation of old adults.