• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2023

Revolutionary advancements, such as the reduction in DNA sequencing costs and genome editing, have transformed biotechnology, fostering progress in manipulating biomolecules, engineering cells, and computational biology. Agriculture and food production have significantly benefited from tools like high-throughput microarrays, accelerating the selection of desired traits. Genetic engineering, especially utilizing genome editing, facilitates precise alterations in plants and animals, harnessing microbiomes and fostering lab-grown meat production to alleviate environmental pressures. The emergence of new biotechnologies, notably genome editing, underscores the necessity for regulatory frameworks governing LM (living modified) organisms. Global regulations overseeing genetically engineered or genome-edited (GE) organisms, encompassing animals, exhibit considerable diversity. Nonetheless, prevailing international regulatory trends typically exclude genomeedited plants and animals, employing novel biotechnological techniques, from GMO/ LMO classification if they lack foreign genes and originate through natural mutations or traditional breeding programs. This comprehensive review scrutinizes ongoing risk and safety assessment cases, such as genome-edited beef cattle and fish in the USA and Japan. Furthermore, it investigates the limitations of existing regulations related to genome editing in Korea and evaluates newly proposed legislation, offering insights into the future trajectory of regulatory frameworks.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.392-398
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• 2009

This study identified risk factors of cross-contamination of foodborne pathogens and established a good agricultural practice (GAP) system for an agricultural products processing center (APC) for perilla leaves. All samples were collected before and after a standard work shift at the APC, while perilla leaves were also collected after each step in the APC. In addition, the workers and their surroundings were sampled by swabbing. The total plate count (TPC) and coliform count in the water samples increased significantly (p<0.05) to 3.36 and 1.73 log CFU/mL after work, respectively. However, no Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes were detected. The bacterial populations of the workers and their surroundings did not differ significantly (p${\geq}$0.05) before and after work. However, Staphylococcus aureus (<1.66 log CFU) was detected at a high rate (13-50%) in the basket, packing table, gloves and cloth. Although perilla leaves passed through the washing steps, the TPC and coliform bacterial populations on the final products were higher (p${\geq}$0.05) than those of unwashed perilla leaves, which indicates that the washing system was not functioning properly. Accordingly, a GAP system with a better washing system should be employed at this facility.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.219-232
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to assess the child care centers' foodservice facility, and to develop the kitchen facility model based on the general sanitation standards and guidelines in order to provide basic information for a plan review to build or renovate child care centers' foodservice facility. The scopes of the study include : 1) field assessment of the foodservice management practices and facilities in 8 public child care centers, and 2 private child care centers which they are subsidized from the government as public child care centers, 2) development of child care centers' kitchen facility model based on the General Sanitation Standards and Guidelines. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. Field Assessment of the Child Care Centers' Foodservice Facility Average number of children in child care centers was 78.0$\pm$24.20, the average space of kitchen was 15.13$\pm$4.25($m^2$). Especially, the average space of kitchen was 18.49$\pm$4.35($m^2$) with enrollment capacity of 90～120 children in child care centers. The inventory level of most foods was relatively low except rice and kimchi. Kitchen facilities and equipments were similar to those of home kitchen and did not meet the standards of institutional practice. Therefore, the director in child care centers should recognize the importance of the sanitation management and pay more attention to the renovation of foodservice facilities as well as sanitation management practices. 2. Development of the Kitchen Facility Model based on the General Sanitation Standards and Guidelines The kitchen facility plan model with enrollment capacity of 100 children was developed based on the results of field assessment and literature review. Suggested kitchen space was 34.16$m^2$(6,100mm×5,600mm). This space was bigger than the results of field survey or precedent study, considered appropriate to implement the general sanitation standards. The main feature of the developed kitchen facility plan and model was product flow in one direction from the arrival of the raw material to the finished product in order to prevent cross contamination and to improve working efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.51-67
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• 2019

As dental implant surgery and bone grafts were widely operated in Korean dentist, many bone substitutes are commercially available, currently. For commercially used in Korea, all bone substitutes are firstly evaluated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) for safety and efficacy of the product. After being priced, classified, and registration by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), the post-application management is obligatory for the manufacturer (or representative importer) to receive a certificate of Good Manufacturing Practice by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Currently, bone substitutes are broadly classified into C group (bone union and fracture fixation), T group (human tissue), L group (general and dental material) and non-insurance material group in MOHW notification No. 2018-248. Among them, bone substitutes classified as dental materials (L7) are divided as xenograft and alloplastic bone graft. The purpose of this paper is to analyze alloplastic bone substitutes of 37 products in MOHW notification No. 2018-248 and to evaluate the reference level based on the ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, EMBASE (1980-2019), Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar using the criteria of registered or trademarked product name.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.187-195
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• 2021

In order to assess the cell toxicity of 10 instruments made of polymers, the MTT assay which utilizes the L-929 cell was selected. Specimens were eluted at a temperature of 37℃ for 24 hours at a rate of 4g per 20mL, RPMI 1640, and then was positively and negatively contrasted with a control test solution, in accordance with the Notification No. 2020-12 Protocols of Medical Apparatus Biological Safety from the Ministry of Drug and Food Safety. As a result of 24 hours of incubation in 37℃, 5% CO₂ Incubator and assessment using an ELISA reader, the results of Intraoral camera indiciated a cellular viability of more than 70% at a 50% eluate. But, the Plastic impression tray, 3D printing tweezer, Impression disposable syringe, Dental floss holder, Hand implant scaler, Surgical retractor, Oral scanner tip, Dental mirror, and the Water pick tip all reported a cellular viability of more than 70% at a 100% eluate, which indicates that do not exhibit cytotoxicity, thus allowing it to be used in contact with the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.438-447
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• 2024

Tongyeong is an important shellfish harvesting area, that hosts the largest designated sea area for shellfish exports in South Korea. In particular, the Dosan-Poonghwa Sea Area in Tongyeong is a semi-enclosed bay with poor water circulation and significant pollution due to its proximity to urban areas. This study examined the distribution of fecal pollution indicators (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, male-specific coliphages, and norovirus G1/G2) in the influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). This study assessed the impact of the effluent discharge on shellfish harvesting areas in the Dosan-Poonghwa Sea Area to better safeguard shellfish farms and guarantee the safety of harvested shellfish. A strong positive correlation was observed between total and fecal coliforms in both influent (r=0.974, P<0.01) and effluent (r=0.779, P<0.05), with no other significant correlations observed. The impacts of the effluent was evaluated according to NSSP guidelines. The volume of seawater required to dilute the effluent discharged per day was calculated. This evaluation indicated that surrounding aquaculture areas were not impacted, and no viruses were detected in oysters collected from the Dosan-Pungwha Sea Area.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.451-467
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a four-hour food additive education program for elementary school students to provide them with accurate information on food additives. Methods: A survey was conducted among 133 elementary school students living in Gyeonggi Province to identify the level of food additive awareness. A four-hour food additive education program and educational materials (PPT, activity sheets, and teacher guidelines) were developed based on the results of the food additive awareness survey. The developed educational programs were based on the Theoretical Model of Stages of Behavior Change. An elementary school nutrition teacher conducted a pilot education for 83 elementary school students to evaluate the feasibility of the developed education program. A survey was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and satisfaction of the pilot education program. Results: The results of the Food Additive Awareness Survey showed that only 42.1% of people were aware of food additives; 46.3% wanted to know more about food additives, and 54.3% required food additive education. Food coloring (44.7%) and artificial sweeteners (18.7%) were the most common food additives of interest. What they wanted to know about food additives was the safety of food additives (36.8%) and the role and function of food additives (20.3%). After the pilot training on food additives, the level of awareness of food additives was improved significantly, and the percentage of participants who recognized the need for food additive education and promotion increased. According to the satisfaction survey of the food additives education, the interest, understanding, real-life application, learning method, and content amount were approximately 90%. Conclusion: The educational program developed through this study will change the negative perceptions of food additives in elementary school students to a positive one. It will do so by helping nutrition educators educate students on this important subject.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicological information of freeze-dried powder from Allomyrina dichotoma (A. dichotoma) larvae as a food ingredient. The powder, suspended in distilled water, was administered once daily by oral gavage to four groups of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at dose levels of 0 (vehicle control), 250, 850, and 2500 mg/kg/day. After 13 wks of repeated administration, the standard toxicological parameters such as mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmologic examination, clinical pathology, organ weights and macro/microscopic examination were applied for assessment of general toxicity. In addition, serum IgE and histamine levels were determined to evaluate allergenicity. The freeze-dried powder from A. dichotoma larvae did not produce treatment-related changes or findings in any toxicological parameters in either sex of any dosed groups except for slight increases in serum histamine levels at 2500 mg/kg/day. The changes were considered not to be adverse since the magnitude was minimal. In conclusion, the NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) of the freeze-dried powder from A. dichotoma larvae was determined to be 2500 mg/kg/day or more in both sexes of SD rats and it is considered a candidate to be edible material.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2018

Phytolaccae Radix has long been used as a traditional indigenous medicine to cure edema and rheumatism. However, there is insufficient background information on toxicological evaluation of Phytolaccae Radix extract to support the safe use. Therefore, we conducted a series of standardized, OECD and KFDA guidelines compliant in vivo study, to find a dose levels for the 13 weeks toxicity study. The extract of Phytolaccae Radix was administered orally to F344 rats at dose levels of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. Each group was composed to five male and five female rats. In the result, there were no test article-related adverse changes in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, hematology, clinical chemistry, gross finding at necropsy and organ weight examination. Therefore, we recommend that 2000 mg/kg/day is a highest treatment group in 13-week exposure study.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.368-374
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: The residual analysis of polar pesticides has remained a challenge. It is even more difficult to simultaneously analyze multiple polar pesticides. Diquat, paraquat, and chlormequat are typical examples of highly polar pesticides. The existing methods for the analysis of diquat, paraquat and chlormequat are complex and time consuming. Therefore, a simple, quick and effective method was developed in the represent study for simultaneous analysis of diquat, paraquat and chlormequat in animal products, meat and fat using UPLC-MS/MS. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sample extraction was carried out using acidified acetonitrile and water and re- extracted with acidified acetonitrile and combine the extracts followed by centrifugation. The extract was then cleaned up with a HLB cartridge after reconstitution with acidic acetonitrile and water. The method was validated in quintuplicate at three different concentrations. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.0015 and 0.005 mg/L, respectively. Matrix suppression effect was observed for all of the analytes. A seven point matrix matched calibration curve was constructed for each of the compound resulted excellent linearity with determination coefficients (R2) ≥ 0.991. Accuracy and precision of the method was calculated from the recovery and repeatability and ranged from 62.4 to 119.7% with relative standard deviation less than 18.8%. CONCLUSION: The recovery and repeatability of the developed method were in the acceptable range according to the Codex Alimentarius guideline. The developed method can be applied for the routine monitoring of diquat, paraquat, and chlormequat in animal products, meat and fat.