• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.341-350
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• 2019

Garlic is one of the most popular seasoning bulb vegetables in Korea and is the most commonly used food ingredient. However, the cultivation areas are decreasing every year as the price drops due to imported garlic, and labor is insufficient to produce garlic by conventional methods. Cultivation requires various tasks until garlic is harvested. Seeding is one of the important and laborious tasks; thus, mechanization is necessary. When seeding garlic, the sprout should face upwards; otherwise, it may rot or produce poor quality garlic. This study investigated the extent of growth of northern- and southern-type garlic in eight different positions. The results show when the roots were not planted properly, the stems were weak, and the garlic bulbs were small. A simple garlic planter was manufactured with a crank-press mechanism to plant garlic in an upright position. Using this machine, a three-fold experiment was carried out with 100 strips of garlic. The test results showed that 99.4% of the planted garlic strips were positioned upright or close to being upright, and 0.6% failed to take root. An image processing algorithm was developed to locate the root part of the garlic, and the result showed a success rate of 81%. A future study will develop an automatic garlic upright planting system with a viewing system.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.258-268
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• 1975

The physical and chemical characteristics of solid organic wastes from paper and pulp industries, tanneries, and food processing industries were studied with regard to fertilizer value as well as humus sources as a rational method of waste utilization. The pulp and paper mill wastes containing low mineral nutrients but high lignin may be utilized for soil amendments through humus preparation. Chemical treatment sludges of tannery wast water contained appreciable fertilizer nutrients andiliming materials, but utilization as fertilizers or soil amendments depends on the pollution effect of high chromium content, which has not been well understood. Food processing wastes may be utilized as organic fertilizers or micronutrient sources for plant. Some wastes containing high water-soluble sugars or lower C/N ratio than 20 may be utilized as additives for rapid humus preparation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.581-584
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• 2019

Food consumption is growing worldwide every year owing to a growing population. Hence, the increasing population needs the production of sufficient and good quality food products. Strawberry is one of the world's most famous fruit. To obtain the highest strawberry output, we worked with three strawberry varieties supplied with three kinds of nutrient water in a greenhouse and with the outcome of the strawberry production, the highest yielding strawberry variety is detected. This Study uses the nutrient water consumed every day by the highest yielding strawberry variety. The atmospheric temperature, humidity and CO2 levels within the greenhouse are identified and used for the prediction, since the water consumption by any plant depends primarily on weather conditions. Machine learning techniques show successful outcomes in a multitude of issues including time series and regression issues. In this study, daily nutrient water consumption of strawberry plants is predicted using machine learning algorithms is proposed. Four Machine learning algorithms are used such as Linear Regression (LR), K nearest neighbour (KNN), Support Vector Machine with Radial Kernel (SVM) and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM). Gradient Boosting System produces the best results.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.156-158
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• 2004

Film printing companies have many problems during a printing process. Most of all, even an insect or dirt stick to the transparent film may cause severe errors until the end of printing job, which means big economic damage to the company. To prevent some insect-dots or dirt-dots, we have to Inspect the total area of film. However, it is very difficult to inspect the film in real-time due to the high-speed of printing that usually more than 150 m/min. A hardware based approach, for example DSP-based approach can be the one of solution candidates, but the total cost and the complexity increases the very high-level. In this paper, we suggest a software based approach, using MMX technology, to inspect the film in real-time. By Many real-plant experiments, we can see the suggest approach is applicable for the inspection of food packaging film in real-time.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.935-942
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• 2007

The stem bark of Rhus verniciflua (RVSB) has been used in herbal medicine to treat diabetes mellitus and stomach ailments for thousands of years in Korea, despite its content of the plant allergen, urushiol. A new biological approach for the removal of urushiol from RVSB using mushrooms is described. All mushroom species (11 sp.) employed in this study were able to grow on RVSB, although the growth rate (mm/day) was lower than the control (sawdust). The components of urushiol congeners [C15 triene (m/z 314), C15 diene (m/z 316), C15 monoene (m/z 318), and C15 saturated (m/z 320)] were purified by HPLC and identified by GC-MS. A C15:3 (3-pentadecatrienly catechol) was found to be most abundant in RVSB. Urushiol analogues decreased remarkably from 154.15 to 10.73 mg/100 g (approximately 93%) by Fomitella fraxinea, whereas Trametes vercicolor showed only a 1.46% degradation capacity despite its 2 fold higher growth rate. Similarly, laccase activity was found to be high for F. fraxinea and low for T. vercicolor. Moreover, approximately 98% detoxification was accomplished by F. fraxinea cultivated on RVSB supplemented with 20%(w/w) rice bran. These findings suggest that mushrooms can be used in the detoxification of RVSB.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.490-495
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• 1994

Enzymatic solubilization of tofu-residue was attempted using carbohydrase isolated from Aspergillus niger CF-34. Tofu-residue, by-product of tofu manufacture or soymilk processing was used as the model for plant cell wall. It was found that tofu-residue was rich in nurients: 46.7% carbohydrate, 32.8% protein, the rest being lipid and ashes. Carbohydrate component of tofu-residue consisted of 36.8% cellulose and 62.6% hemicellulose. The carbohydrase was found to consist of pectinase, xylanase, PGase, CMCase, and SFase when tofu-residue and pectin were used as the carbon source. Enzyme induction was maximum at 7days of culture. Optimum reaction pH was 4.0, temperature $50^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was stable to $50^{\circ}C$, above which the stability decreased rapidly.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.27.1-27.8
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• 2016

Background: Studies on prevalence of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) condition in Sri Lankan poultry industry is minimal. Hence, the objective of present study was to determine the incidence of PSE chicken meat in a commercial meat processing plant and to find out its consequences on meat quality traits of roasted chicken breast. Method: A total of 60 breast fillets were randomly selected, evaluated based on color L* value, and placed into 1 of 2 categories; PSE (L* > 58) or normal meat ($L*{\leq}58$). A total of 20 breast fillets (10 PSE and 10 normal) were then analyzed for color, pH, and water holding capacity (WHC). After processing those into roasted chicken breast, cooking loss, color, pH, WHC, and texture values were evaluated. A sensory evaluation was conducted using 30 untrained panelists. Results: The incidence of PSE meat was 70 % in the present experiment. PSE fillets were significantly lighter and had lower pH values compared with normal fillets. Correlation between the lightness and pH was negative (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in color, texture, and WHC values between the 2 groups after processing into roasted chicken breast (P > 0.05), an approximately 3 % higher cooking loss was observed in PSE group compared to its counterpart (P < 0.05). Moreover, cooking loss and lightness values showed a significant positive correlation. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in sensory parameters between the 2 products (P > 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicated that an economical loss can be expected due to the significantly higher cooking loss observed in roasted breast processed from PSE meat.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.424-434
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• 1989

The rationale for the use of fungi in treating waste streams from food processing plants I~as been that of incorporating the dissolved and suspending nutrients into a macroscopic organism which can be filtered out readily. In order for a process using fungi to meet these objectives we examined a strain of fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus, which grew well on a variety of polysaccharide-containing materials and showed both efficient BOD removal and high quality protein recovery. In this experiment the fungal choice was based on the laboratory screening studies where the criteria used was BOD and COD reduction, growth response, mycelial yield, and the ability to compete with the natural flora. In the fermentation system used far the continuous culture of Aspergillus fumigatus the best combination of operating variables, inoculum ratio, temperature, initial pH, fermentation time and agitation rate was 5%(v/v), $35{\sim}40^{circ}C,\;pH\;4.5{\sim}5.0$, 2days and 150rpm, respectively. The fungus reduced BOD and COD to 94.0 and 90.4%, respectively and 3.15g of dry mycelium per liter of alcohol waste was harvested during 48hr of incubation time. The protein efficiency ratios for the control diet and the experimental diet containing the fungal protein were $3.42{\pm}0.15$ and $3.40{\pm}0.43$, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2006

The effects of the mixture ratios of swine manure and food wastes when vermicomposed on earthworm(Eisenia foefida) growth, the production amounts and the chemical properties of casts for plant growth media were evaluated to optimal mixture ratio. Earthworms were grown in swine manure, substituted with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 50% and 100% food wastes. All of earthworm grown in swine manure substituted with 60%, 80%, and 100% food wastes died, therefore the process of swine manure substituted with 60%, 80%, and 100% food wastes by vermicomposting were impossible in this experiment. Worm cast produced from swine manure substituted with 0%, 20% and 40% food wastes after vermicomposting sufficiently contained required quantities of available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable magnesium, and cation exchange capacity. The survival rates of earthworm in swine manure substituted with 0% and 40% food wastes was significantly higher than those in swine manure substituted with 20%, 40% food wastes. Casts weight and proportion of casts weight in 100% swine manure were significantly higher than those in swine manure substituted with 20% food wastes, but was no significant difference between those in swine manure substituted with 40% food wastes. Therefore 100% swine manure was estimated to be superior than the others treatments. However an adequate mixture ratio of food wastes for processing mixture of swine manure by vermicomposting was estimated to be 40%. Because there was no significant difference in mean flesh weight, increasing rate, casts weight, proportion of casts weight, and reduction rate of volatile solids among 3 treatments and survival rate and conversion efficiency(CE) in swine manure with substituted 40% food wastes were significantly higher than the other treatments.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.688-695
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• 2011

The composition of free sugar, free amino acid, and fatty acid in tubers of the cultivars 'Superior', 'Sinnamjak', and 'Chubaek' were evaluated at the two sites with different altitude, Gangneung (20 m altitude) as lowland and Daekwallyeong (760 m altitude) as highland. The average reducing sugar content of the three potato cultivars harvested in Daekwallyeong and Gangneung was 1.1% and 2.3%, respectively, which showed two-fold difference between the two locations. Average total sugar content was also two-folds lower in potatoes harvested in Daekwallyeong (6.3%) than those harvested in Gangneung (12.2%). Average content of free amino acids of the three potato cultivars harvested in Daekwallyeong and Gangneung was 1,325 mg/100g and 1,051 mg/100g, respectively. The cultivar 'Chubaek' has the highest amino acid content among the three tested cultivars. Potatoes from Daekwallyeong have higher unsaturated fatty acid levels than those from Gangneung. During the tuber development, unsaturated fatty acids levels increased in tubers grown in Daekwallyeong, but decreased in those grown in Gangneung. These results indicate that the quality of potatoes from Daekwallyeong is from Gangneung for food processing purpose for human consumption.