• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1106-1111
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the Indigofera kirilowii extracts against food-borne pathogens. The Indigofera kirilowii was extracted with methanol at room temperature, and fractionation of the methanol extract from Indigofera kirilowii was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the Indigofera kirilowii extracts was determined using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The ethyl acetate extract of Indigo/era kirilowii showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. The water extract of Indigofera kirilowii showed relatively low antimicrobial activity against microorganisms used in this experiment. The synergistic effect has been found in combined extracts of Indigofera kirilowii and Pulsatilla koreana as compared to each extract alone. The growth inhibition curve was determined using ethyl acetate extracts of Indigofera kirilowii against S. aureus and S. dysenteriae. The ethyl acetate extract of Indigofera kirilowii showed strong antimicrobial activity against S. aureus at the concentration of 4,000 ppm. The 4,000 ppm of ethyl acetate extract from Indigofera kirilowii retarded the growth of S. aureus more than 24 hours and S. dysenteriae up to 48 hours. This study showed the possibility of using ethyl acetate extract of Indigofera kirilowii as a material of food preservative.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.235-242
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of aerosolized chemical sanitizers on inhibiting foodborne pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes. Five domestic commercial sanitizers subjected to five groups of sanitizer (chlorine-based, hydrogen peroxide-based, Iodophor-based, quaternary ammonium-based, and alcohol-based sanitizers) were aerosolized by an aerosol generator into a model cabinet and treated in laboratory media containing three pathogens for 1 h at room temperature. Aerosolized hydrogen peroxide-based and quaternary ammonium-based sanitizers were effective at inhibiting levels of E. coli O157:H7 (ca. 4-9 log reductions) whereas other aerosolized sanitizers such as chlorine-based, Iodophor-based, and alcohol-based sanitizers did not significantly reduced the levels of E. coli O157:H7. For S. typhimurium, the only aerosolized hydrogen peroxide-based sanitizer was effective and resulted in ca. 5-9 log reduction. Aerosolized hydrogen peroxide-based, Iodophor-based, and quaternary ammonium-based sanitizers significantly reduced levels of L. monocytogenes and especially, aerosolized quaternary ammonium-based sanitizer was strongly effective to kill L. monocytogenes, resulted in higher than 8.8 log reduction. And there was no special trend in inhibitory efficacy of sanitizers aerosolized by 1.6 or 2.4 MHz aerosol generators. From these results, aerosolization has great potential for use in commercial applications however it's efficacy could be very different depending on type of sanitizers.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 2005

To investigate the antimicrobial effect of the Patrinia scabiosaefolia extracts against food-borne pathogens, we extracted the P. scabiosaefolia with methanol at room temperature and the fractionation of the methanol extracts was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the P. scabiosaefolia extracts was determined by using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The ethyl acetate extracts of P. scabiosaefolia showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei. Synergistic effect in inhibition was observed when P. scabiosaefolia extract was mixed Forsythiae fructus extract as compared to each extracts alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curves were determined by using ethyl acetate extracts of P. scabiosaefolia against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Shigella sonnei. The ethyl acetate extract of P. scabiosaefolia had strong antimicrobial activity against S. sonnei at the concentration of 4,000 ppm. At this concentration, the growth of S. Sonnei was retarded more than 72 hours and up to 48 hours for S. epidermidis. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate extracts of P. scabiosaefolia can be used for the efficient material against the growth of S. epidermidis and S. sonnei.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.195-198
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the potential use of Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Zanthoxylum piperitum A.P. DC. as a source of antimicrobial agents against food borne pathogens. Essential oils of Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum A.P. DC. were collected by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was examined using the agar diffusion and micro-dilution assays. The effectiveness of Z. schinifolium essential oil was greater against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus than other pathogens, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 1.25, 2.5, and 1.25, 2.5, and $1.25\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Z. piperitum A.P. DC. essential oil was the most effective against all pathogens tested except for Escherichia coli O157:H7, and the MIC values against B. cereus, Salmonella choleraesuis, and V. parahaemolyticus were 1.25, 2.5, and $1.25\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Limonene, the major component of Z. piperitum A.P. DC. essential oils, had the highest inhibitory activity toward V. parahaemolyticus with a MIC value of $0.15\;{\mu}g/mL$. Meanwhile, citronellal and geranyl acetate, major components of both essential oils, displayed antibacterial activity against only B. cereus with MIC values of 1.25 and $5\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Therefore, these essential oils could be useful as antimicrobial agents against foodborne pathogens.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1237-1245
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• 2018

In this study, the contamination levels of hygienic indicators and foodborne pathogens in retail meat products were investigated in relation to the various market factors including processing temperature, processing area, and market type. Ground beef samples (n=80) were purchased from 40 meat markets and investigated for microbiological quality. Beefs processed below $20^{\circ}C$ had significantly lower numbers of total coliforms (TC) than these processed over $20^{\circ}C$ (2.01 vs. 2.79 log CFU/g; p<0.05). Interestingly, separation of processing area did not affect the contamination levels. Remarkably, the contamination levels of hygienic indicator differ among market types, indicating that not only processing condition but distribution structure that is directly related with storage period could affect the final microbiological loads of the meat products. In addition, the prevalences of Listeria monocytogenes (a psychrotroph), Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis were 7.5% (6/80), 10.0% (8/80), and 20.0% (16/80), respectively, which is irrelevant to market factors except meat products from wholesale markets where no L. monocytogenes were found among 30 samples. The results of this study indicate that the contamination level of hygiene indicator and foodborne pathogens in retail beef is more related with processing temperature and storage period than other environmental factors.

• Safe Food
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.24-30
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• 2006

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2013

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.513-520
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to measure the total bacterial count, the number of foodborne pathogens and the change of PH by the addition of grapefruit seed extract (GFSE) in kanjang Paste and kochujang paste, respectively. The change of inoculated foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella enteritidis IFO 3313, Staphlococcus aureus IFO 12732, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43894 in kanjang Paste and kochujang paste were measured for 14 days at the storage temperatures of $4^{\circ}\;and\;20^{\circ}C$. In kanjang paste, the changes of pH were not showed between the control and the addition of GFSE at $4^{\circ}C$. However, pH were decreased about 2 pome in the control and the addition of GFSE 250 ppm at $20^{\circ}C$. In the addition of GFSE 500 ppm, pH decreased about 1.2 points at $20^{\circ}C$. In the growth-inhibitory effect on foodborne pathogens, when comparing with the con01 and the addition of GFSE 250 ppm and 500 ppm the addition of GFSE was decreased more than the control in kanjang paste at storage temperatures of $4^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$. Otherwise, there were no differences of the number of foodborne Pathogens in kochujang paste as additions. But in kochujang paste stored at storage temperatiues of $4^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ there were differences of the number of foodborne pathogens. When kochujang paste stored $20^{\circ}C$ at least for 10 days, tested all foodborne Pathogens were not detected.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.2 s.115
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• pp.128-134
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• 2006

Frequent outbreaks of foodborne illness demand the need for rapid and sensitive methods for detection of these pathogens. Recent development of biosensor technology has a great potential to meet the need for rapid and sensitive pathogens detection from foods. An antibody-based fiber-optic biosensor and an automated reagents supply system to detect Listeria monocytogenes were developed. The biosensor for detection of Listeria monocytogenes in PBS and bacteria spiked food samples was evaluated. The automated reagents supply system eliminated cumbersome sample and detection antibody injection procedures that had been done manually. The biosensor could detect $10^4$ cfu/ml of Listeria monocytogenes in PBS. By using the fiber-optic biosensor, $2x10^8$ cfu/ml of Listeria monocytogenes in the food samples were detectable.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 2016

Many atmospheric pollutants including chemical agents, house dust, and microorganisms cause building-related illnesses through respiration in humans. This study was conducted to analyze the profiles of microbial pollutants in air purifiers used in home, office and playschool. Dominant eleven species of microorganisms were isolated and identified in environmental air and air purifiers. Among them, Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. are the most dominant species. By phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, the dominant bacteria were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus epidermidis, respectively. It has been known that these bacterial species are closely related with food spoilage and human infectious disease. Thus, these results indicate that microbial pathogens related with human illnesses through respiration will be contaminated in air purifiers and also need to develop a method to control those of pathogens for human health.