• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.795-803
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• 2013

This study examined the usage, perception and willingness to use beef traceability. The data were collected from 255 housewives in Busan and Gyeongnam region through a self-administered questionnaire. Frequency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted by SPSS Windows V.20.0. Only twelve percent of the respondents experienced to use beef traceability. Most respondents checked it by kiosk or bar code reader in a store. On the other hand, eighty-eight percent did not use beef traceability. The reasons for not usage of it were "Do not know beef traceability very well", "Do not know how to use beef traceability", and "Information from packing or counters is reliable" in order. In the level of perception of beef traceability, safety assurance was highest, followed by information quality, usefulness, and information accessibility. The percentage of correct answers of knowledge about beef traceability was not high. The multiple regression analysis showed that employment status, knowledge about beef traceability, information quality, information accessibility, and usefulness were significant factors to affect the willingness using beef traceability.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.721-727
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• 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the level of microbial contamination in smoked salmon products sold in hypermarkets in major metropolitan cities in Korea. Listeria monocytogenes is the primary cause of smoked and raw salmon product recalls. Here, we used L. monocytogenes as a bacterial hygiene indicator and investigated the microbial contamination level of frozen/refrigerated smoked salmon products collected from hyper markets. Contamination levels were analyzed by seasons, manufacturers, and consumption regions. For hygiene indicator bacteria, total bacteria count, coliforms, and Escherichia coli were examined according to the food code established by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect Listeria sp. The highest contamination level was observed in spring in Busan among five consumption regions. Listeria was detected at a level of 2.1% among all samples collected. And especially L. monocytogenes was detected in two cases from the samples collected from Daegu and Daejeon. Sanitary standards and specifications should be established according to the contamination level of smoked salmon products investigated in this study, and continuous monitoring is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.992-997
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• 2002

Contents of heavy metals in sugar products were estimated to provide a scientific basis for standardization of Korea Food Code of heavy metals. The contents of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) were determined in 285 sugar product samples using a mercury analyzer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. The values of heavy metals in sugar products $[minimum{\sim}maximum\;(mean),\;mg/kg]$ were as follows: $Hg,\;N.D.{\sim}0.006 (0.001);$ $Pb,\;N.D.{\sim}0.47 (0.03);$ $Cd,\;N.D.{\sim}0.06(0.005);\;As,\;N.D.{\sim}0.10(0.004);\;Cu,\;N.D.{\sim}1.89(0.15)$. These results show that metal contents of domestic sugar products are similar to those reported in other countries. Weekly average intakes of lead, cadmium, and mercury from sugar products were $0.004{\sim}0.1%$ of Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake set by FAO/WHO Joint Food Additives and Contaminants Committee to evaluate the safeties of sugar products.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.455-467
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• 2022

Objectives: In this study, we suggest a Korean NOVA food classification that can be applied to food consumption among Korean. Based on this suggestion, the nutritional intake of Korean adults from ultra-processed foods (UPFs) was estimated. Methods: Korean commercial food was categorized based on the NOVA food classification criteria through the Korea Food Code and expert meetings. Then, the nutrient intake status of 6,991 participants in the 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed according to the food processing level. Then, 4,152 adult participants (age 19-65) were divided into quartiles on the basis of their intake of UPFs, and the nutrient intakes from UPFs were compared. Results: Korean NOVA Food Classification defines with priority Group I (Unprocessed/ Minimally processed foods) and Group II (Processed culinary ingredients) foods based on the food cooking or consumption. Then, Group III (Processed foods) and Group IV (UPFs) are classified according to whether the characteristics of the raw materials used are maintained or whether the food was consumed before the 1970s. Our analysis results showed that most of the calories in the diet were consumed by Group I (52.7%), followed by Group IV (29.3%). After categorization of the adult participants into four groups according to their energy consumption from UPFs, we found that the highest consumption group (Q4) was younger and had higher percentage of men than women. The comparative analysis of the consumption of ultra-processed foods by Korean adults revealed that participants of a younger age and men consumed higher energy from UPFs than older participants and women, respectively (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the larger intake of UPFs was associated with an increasing trend for a higher intake of energy, sugar, saturated fat (P for trend < 0.001), total fat (P for trend = 0.021), and sodium (P for trend = 0.005), whereas the intake of carbohydrate, protein, and dietary fiber had a decreasing trend (P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions: With the current increase in the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods, it is important to carefully consider not only nutrient intake but also the level of food processing.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.310-325
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• 2009

Veterinary drugs have been used to prevent livestock diseases for many years. In spite of having advantages, sometimes indiscriminate application, overdose and abuse may cause risk for human. Therefore, management and risk assessment of veterinary drugs become essential to ensure food safety. So the National Veterinary Research & Quarantine Service (NVRQS) impose on registration for use of veterinary drugs also Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) fixed the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for veterinary drugs in food. Basically, KFDA set MRLs based on the veterinary drugs residual data. Moreover, KFDA estimates the theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) with food consumption data and population mean body weight. Recently, 116 veterinary drug MRLs including banned veterinary drugs have been established and other 32 veterinary drugs MRLs will be established within 2009. In 2010, MRLs among antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial agents in livestock fishery products (including milk and eggs) and honey (including royal jelly and propolis) which have not been set in Korea Food Code and Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) will be regulated as uniform limit (0.03 mg/kg). In future, veterinary drugs will be controlled strictly to strengthen public health by improving analytical method.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.918-921
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• 2005

Quantitative analysis of flavonoids in commercial propolis extract products were compared by three colorimetric methods; aluminum chloride method, dinitrophenylhydrazine method and aluminum nitrate method, Aluminum nitrate method in Korea Health Supplement Food Code was proved to be specific only for flavones and flavonols same as aluminum chloride method, while dinitrophenylhydrazine method was specific for flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Therefore, the sum of flavonoid contents determined by 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine method and aluminum nitrate method may represent the real content of total flavonoids. As for the 25 commercial propolis extract products examined, the contents of flavonoid varied from 2.15% to 9.53% except for one product.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.162-169
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• 2020

This study was conducted to survey levels of heavy metals, benzopyrene and mycotoxins in teas purchased from online markets, supermarkets, and traditional markets in Gwangju, Korea. We examined the arsenic, cadmium and lead content in heavy metals. We also tested for benzo(a)pyrene, which is classified as a carcinogen. In addition, we tested for the mycotoxins aflatoxin (AFB₁, AFB₂, AFG₁, AFG₂), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisin (FUB₁, FUB₂), and zearalenone (ZON). According to our results, heavy metals were detected within the allowable range (below 5.0 mg/kg for lead) and all samples met with the standards for tea as presented in the Korean Food Code. The Benzo(a)pyrene showed a detection rate of 12.8% in 16 of 125 samples and mycotoxins showed 23.2% in 29 of 125 samples. However, safe levels regarding benzo(a)pyrene and mycotoxin in tea were not ascertainable since the standards are not set in the Korean Food Code.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.143-154
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• 2024

In this study, we improved the vitamin C test method and reviewed data on the adjustable range of chromatography conditions for quantification. First, we adjusted the mobile phase conditions such as solvent composition, salt concentration, pH and column temperature and in particular, it was confirmed through an improved test method that the peak derived from the buffer solution could be clearly separated from the target component, vitamin C by adjusting the pH. The retention time of vitamin C was partially changed by adjusting the column diameter, length and particle size but the number of theoretical plates indicated similar values and did not affect the separation and quantitative analysis of the target component. The flow rate according to the column specifications was derived from the equation proposed by the U.S. FDA (Food and Drug administration) and the Korean MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety), and evaluation of the applicability to vitamin complexes showed high selectivity for vitamin C even with altered stationary phase conditions and flow rates. In conclusion, vitamin C can be optimally separated and detected by changing the chromatographic method conditions and it was confirmed that the mobile and stationary phase conditions of liquid chromatography can be slightly adjusted in case the assay method uses an isocratic elution.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.137-144
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• 2007

Koji is steamed rice that has had koji-kin, or koji mold spores, cultivated onto it. The isolation, culture, and microscopic examination of molds in the koji require the use of the selective media and special microscopic slide techniques. If simple wet mount slides of molds were attempted, it became apparent that wet mount slides made from mold colonies usually don't reveal the arrangement of spores that is so necessary in identification. The process of merely transferring hyphae to a slide breaks up the hyphae and sporangiophores in such a way that identification becomes very difficult. The slide culture method is superior to wet mounts in that the hyphae, sporangiophores, and spores remain more or less intact when transferred. The procedure that will be used to produce a mold culture on a slide that can be observed directly on the slide. We investigated the contamination rate of penicillium spp. on the 21 kinds of koji distributed at Korea. The contamination rate of Penicillium spp. were not detected at 21 products by slide culture method. These results will be used to reestablish a mold determination of koji and food in Food Additives Code.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.636-643
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• 2009

Residual fluoroquinolone levels in animal foods retailed in Korea were monitored according to the method outlined in Korea Food Code using HPLC-FLD and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS for confirmation. The optimum ion transitions were $360{\rightarrow}316$, 342 m/z for enrofloxacin, $332{\rightarrow}314$, 288 m/z for ciprofloxacin, $320{\rightarrow}301$, 230 m/z for norfloxacin, $334{\rightarrow}315$, 290 m/z for pefloxacin, $362{\rightarrow}318$, 261, 334 m/z for ofloxacin, and $262{\rightarrow}201$, 126 m/z for flumequin. Enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin residues were found in 12 out of 388 samples. These antibiotics were only found in chicken samples, while no residues were found in beef, pork, milk and egg samples. Using this monitoring method, detection rates of 3.1, 1.3, and 0.3% were obtained for enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, respectively. The levels of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin detected in food samples ranged from 0.01 to 0.73 mg/kg in 12 samples, 0.01-0.03 mg/kg in 5 samples, and 0.12 mg/kg in only a sample, respectively.