• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.488-494
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• 2016

본 연구는 기능성 식품 소재용 감자 계통을 선발하고자, 35개의 계통 및 대조구 품종인 '수미', '다솜밸리' '고구밸리'의 총 폴리페놀, 총 안토시아닌, 비타민C의 함량을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 계통별 함량차이가 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 그 가운데서 총 폴리페놀 함량은 KPG16 계통이 $105.08mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}\;FW$, 총 안토시아닌 함량은 KPG13 계통이 $4.78mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}\;FW$, 비타민 C 함량은 KPG20 계통이 $22.16mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}\;FW$으로 각각 높게 나타났다. 종합적으로 분석한 결과, KPG5계통이 총 폴리페놀, 총 안토시아닌, 비타민 C 함량이 각각 103.95, 3.15, $12.12mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}\;FW$ 으로 3성분을 고루 함유하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 추후 기능성 품종 선발의 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.16-28
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• 2011

Oxidative stress leads to the induction of cellular oxidative damage, which may cause adverse modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids. The production of reactive species during oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Antioxidant defenses can neutralize reactive oxygen species and protect against oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant status and the degree of DNA damage in Korean young adults using glutathione s-transferase (GST) polymorphisms. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were characterized in 245 healthy young adults by smoking status, and their oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes and antioxidant status were assessed by GST genotype. General characteristics were investigated by simple questionnaire. From the blood of the subjects, GST genotypes; degree of DNA damage in lymphocytes; the erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; plasma concentrations of total peroxyl radical-trapping potential (TRAP), vitamin C, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotene and cryptoxanthin, as well as plasma lipid profiles, conjugated diene (CD), GOT, and GPT were analyzed. Of the 245 subjects studied, 23.2% were GSTM1 wild genotypes and 33.4% were GSTT1 wild genotype. No difference in erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase, and the plasma TRAP level, CD, GOT, and GPT levels were observed between smokers and non-smokers categorized by GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotype. Plasma levels of ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol increased significantly in smokers with the GSTT1 wild genotype (p < 0.05); however, plasma level of ${\alpha}$-carotene decreased significantly in non-smokers with the GSTM1 wild genotype (p < 0.05). DNA damage assessed by the Comet assay was significantly higher in non-smokers with the GSTM1 genotype; whereas DNA damage was significantly lower in non-smokers with the GSTT1 genotype. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in non-smokers with the GSTT1 genotype than those with the GSTT1 wild genotype (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the GSTM1 genotype or the GSTT1 wild genotype in non-smokers aggravated their antioxidant status through DNA damage of lymphocytes; however, the GSTT1 wild type in non-smokers had normal plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. This finding confirms that GST polymorphisms could be an important determinant of antioxidant status and plasma lipid profiles in non-smoking young adults. Further study is necessary to clarify the antioxidant status and/or lipid profiles of smokers with the GST polymorphism and to conduct a study with significantly more subjects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.10-24
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• 2017

본 연구는 건강한 성인 남녀를 대상으로 glutathione S-transferase (GST)M1 및 T1 유전자 다형성에 따라 한식에서 주로 섭취하는 식물성 식품군과 한식 식단의 DNA 손상 감소효과를 측정하여 유전적 민감도가 어떻게 나타나는지를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 건강한 성인 남녀 59명을 대상으로 혈액을 채취하여 GST genotype을 분류하였으며 그 중 17명을 선발하여 DNA 손상 감소효과를 Comet assay를 이용하여 측정하였고 DNA damage relative score로 나타냈다. 제 5기 2차년도 국민건강영양조사를 활용하여 한국인이 많이 섭취하는 식물성 식품을 10가지 식품군 (감자류, 견과류, 곡류, 과일류, 김치류, 두류, 버섯류, 오일류 채소류 해조류)으로 분류 후, 각 식품군별 총 섭취량의 1% 이상을 섭취한 84종의 식품을 한식 식물성 식품으로 최종 선정하였으며 한식 식단 (Korean diet)은 한국영양학회에서 발행한 [2010 한국인 영양섭취 기준]에 제시되어 있는 1주일 표준식단 (2,000 kcal/day)을 사용하였다. GSTM1 유전자 다형성에 따른 한식 식물성 식품군의 Tail moment로 본 DNA 손상 감소효과는 곡류와 오일류에서만 GSTM1 wild type보다 mutant type에서 유의하게 높았다. 이에 비해 DNA 손상 감소 효과를 % DNA in tail과 Tail moment로 본 결과, 견과류 과일류 채소류 버섯류 김치류 해조류에서 GSTT1 mutant type에 비해 wild type에서 유의하게 더 높게 나타났다. GSTM1과 GSTT1의 combined genotype에 따라 한식 식물성 식품의 DNA 손상 감소효과를 본 결과, 과일류, 김치류, 버섯류, 채소류, 해조류는 1군 (GSTM1+/GSTT1+) 및 3군 (GSTM1-/GSTT1+)에서, 오일류는 3군 (GSTM1-/GSTT1+)에서 DNA 손상 감소 효과가 유의하게 높았으며. 감자류, 견과류, 곡류, 두류, Total은 DNA 손상 감소 효과가 2군 (GSTM1+/GSTT1-) 및 3군 (GSTM1-/GSTT1+)에서 유의하게 높아 식품군에 따라 GST 유전자 다형성에 따른 DNA 손상 감소효과가 다르게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 한식 식단은 DNA 손상의 세 가지 지표인 % DNA in tail, Tail moment, Tail length로 측정해본 결과 GSTM1의 경우 wild type에서 mutant type보다 더 크게 나타났으며, GSTT1의 경우는 genotype에 따라 DNA 손상이 달라지는 경향은 있었지만 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 결론적으로 한식에서 주로 섭취하는 식물성 식품군에서는 식품에 따라 부분적으로 GSTM1은 mutant type에서, GSTT1은 wild type에서 DNA 손상 보호효과가 더 크게 나타났으며, GSTM1과 GSTT1의 combined genotype에 따른 DNA 손상 보호효과는 식품군에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 반면, 한식 식단에서는 DNA 손상 보호효과가 GSTM1 wild type에서 mutant type보다 더 크게 나타났으며, GSTT1 genotype에는 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 한식 식물성 식품군 및 식사패턴의 항산화 기능 우수성을 증명하는 기초자료가 될 것이며, 나아가 개인별 유전자에 따른 항산화 맞춤영양연구를 시작하는 시발점이 될 수 있을 것이다. 앞으로 GST 유전자 다형성에 따른 한식과 한식 식물성 식품군의 유전적 민감도를 더 명확하게 규명하기 위해서는 대상 인원을 늘려 수행하는 광범위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2008

Beef luncheon meat is one of the most popular meals in several countries in the world including Egypt. Thirty one fungal species and 3 species varieties were recovered from 30 samples of beef luncheon meat collected from different supermarkets in Qena. Alternaria, Aspergillus, Emericella, Mucor, Mycosphaerella, Penicillium and Rhizopus were the most common genera on the two types of media. From the above genera, the most prevalent species were Alternaria alternate, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Emericella nidulans, Mucor racemosus, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Penicillium chrysogenum and Rhizopus stolonifer. Screening of fungi for their abilities to produce lipase enzyme showed that, ten isolates represented 32.26% of total isolates appeared high lipase production, while sixteen isolates (51.61%) were moderate and 5 isolates (16.13%) were low producers. Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Nectria haematococca produced the highest amount of lipase enzyme, so these fungi were used in further studies. The incorporation of five food preservatives (Disodium phosphate, sodium benzoate, citric acid, potassium sorbate and sodium citrate) individually in the culture medium of lipase production exhibited an inhibitive effect on the mycelial growth and enzyme production by Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Nectria haematococca.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to understand the timing of Gentrification by the study through the analysis of licensing data for food service businesses under the correlation with regional policies and systems. In addition, by analyzing the change in location patterns of the food service business in the district unit plan zones, the cause, development patterns and regional differences were identified. Starting with the Seoul hanok declaration in 2008, the approval of the food service business began to increase, and the floating population increased with the restoration of the Suseong Valley in 2012, and the concentration of food service business increased significantly on the waterway (Jahamun-ro 7-gil). Since the designation of Ikseon-dong as an urban environment readjustment zone in 2004, the approval of new food service business has been very low until around 2014, when the cooperative establishment committee is dissolved, and as the district unit plan for the preservation of hanok and regional management is being established, the number of new permits has exploded to date and restaurants in hanok conservation zones has been active.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2003

Chemical analysis of salted fish was analyzed in 60 samples collected from various moloha markets in Sohag, Qena and Aswan Governorates, Upper Egypt. Moloha contained 52.9% water content, while organic matter content represented 71.79% of dry weight and 33.81%($338.12{\pm}8.64mg\;g^{-1}$) of fresh weight. Total salts and soluble salts represented 13.29% and 10.19%($132.88{\pm}7.65\;and\;101.93{\pm}5.76mg\;g^{-1}$ of fresh weight), respectively. pH values were more or less neutral. Mycological investigation of examined samples revealed that fifty-five fungal species and one variety belonging to 11 genera were identified. The fungal genera of highest occurrence and their respective number of species were Aspergillus(A. flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, A. montevidensis, A. ficuum, A. parasiticus and A. mangini) and Penicillium(P. citrinum, P. puberulum, P. aurantiogriseum and P. roquefortii). On the other hand, yeast represented 18.2% and 3.0% of total counts of fungi on Czapeks-dextrose agar and 15%NaCl-Czapeks-dextrose agar media, respectively. Samples were assayed for potential presence of mycotoxins. Ten out of 60 samples(16.7%) were proved to be toxic. It is the first record of mycotoxins contamination of salted fish in Egypt. The ability of 340 isolates of recovered fungi was screened for production of mycotoxins and extracellular enzymes.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2007

This study investigated the types, forms, and origination of litter found along one hiking course in Moaksan Provincial Park, 'Jungin-ri Course'(entrance-ridge-valley-peak). In addition, a survey was conducted to understand hikers' litter control awareness in order to determine possible backcountry litter control measures. The following are the results of this study: 1. For the litter Sequency investigation, 199 recyclable pieces of litter were found on the mid-slope(61.6%), 89 by the entrance(27.6%), 19 in the valley(5.9%) and 16 on the peak(4.9%). A total of 323 pieces of litter were found. Paper materials were the most common, followed by plastic containers such as PET bottles and yogurt containers. Of particular interest, 288 papers and cans were found on the mid-slope(46.9%). By the entrance, more plastics and bottles were found. 2. There were 614 pieces of flammable litter collected and only 19 pieces of non-flammable. Most of the flammable litter, including snack pacts, plastic bags, processed lumber, cigarette butts, tissues, cigarette boxes, and fabric was found on the mid-slope. 3. Very little food waste was found throughout the whole site proving that the policy prohibiting hikers from cooking and eating at the designated sites has been effective. However, food waste is difficult to find because it naturally decays with time. 4. $X^2$-test was used to find different types of litter and their verified origination frequency. It was found that recyclable litter, and food waste took about 1%. In addition, recyclable litter, especially bottles, was found relatively frequently by the entrance. Flammable litter was found most often at the peak. 5. The questionnaire results showed that 48.2% of the respondents "shorten their hiking journey and purchase food outside the entrance" and 29.6% said that they "bring a packed meal from home". Only 8.2% said that they "cook something when an appropriate location is found". At the Jungin-ri course, a few hikers brought their own food to eat or cook, but most hikers purchased something to eat onsite. 6. The results of the question about having experience littering while hiking showed that 19.3% litter and 79.2% do not. Those that responded "yes" gave various reasons for littering. 63.6% claimed, "there are no designated trash containers". 15.9% said they litter subconsciously. Finally, 3.2% insist that they litter "because food naturally decomposes". 7. As a result of the overall satisfaction according to the Likert scale and the analysis with an average of 14 variables, it was found that the average "toxic litter control convenience" was 2.41 with very low satisfaction. Thus, the results indicate the importance of providing appropriate back country litter control facilities.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2013

This study investigated the effects of magnetized water supplementation on blood glucose, DNA damage, antioxidant status, and lipid profiles in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. There were three groups of 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats used in the study: control group (normal control group without diabetes); diabetes group (STZ-induced diabetes control); and magnetized water group (magnetized water supplemented after the induction of diabetes using STZ). Before initiating the study, diabetes was confirmed by measuring fasting blood glucose (FBS > 200 dl), and the magnetized water group received magnetized water for 8 weeks instead of general water. After 8 weeks, rats were sacrificed to measure the fasting blood glucose, insulin concentration, glycated hemoglobin level, degree of DNA damage, antioxidant status, and lipid profiles. From the fourth week of magnetized water supplementation, blood glucose was decreased in the magnetized water group compared to the diabetes group, and such effect continued to the 8th week. The glycated hemoglobin content in the blood was increased in the diabetes group compared to the control group, but decreased significantly in the magnetized water group. However, decreased plasma insulin level due to induced diabetes was not increased by magnetized water supplementation. Increased blood and liver DNA damages in diabetes rats did significantly decrease after the administration of magnetized water. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activities and plasma lipid profiles were not different among the three groups. In conclusion, the supplementation of magnetized water not only decreased the blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels but also reduced blood and liver DNA damages in STZ-induced diabetic rats. From the above results, it is suggested that the long-term intake of the magnetized water over 8 weeks may be beneficial in both prevention and treatment of complications in diabetic patients.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.540-547
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• 2011

High consumption of fruits and vegetables has been suggested to provide some protection to smokers who are exposed to an increased risk of numerous cancers and other degenerative diseases. Carrot is the most important source of dietary ${\beta}$-carotene. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether carrot juice supplementation to smokers can protect against lymphocyte DNA damage and to compare the effect of supplementationof capsules containing purified ${\beta}$-carotene or a placebo (simple lactose). The study was conducted in a randomized and placebo-controlled design. After a depletion period of 14 days, 48 smokers were supplemented with either carrot juice (n = 18), purified ${\beta}$-carotene (n = 16) or placebo (n = 14). Each group was supplemented for 8 weeks with approximately 20.49 mg of ${\beta}$-carotene/day and 1.2 mg of vitamin C/day, as carrot juice (300 ml/day) or purified ${\beta}$-carotene (20.49 mg of ${\beta}$-carotene, 1 capsule/day). Lymphocyte DNA damage was determined using the COMET assay under alkaline conditions and damage was quantified by measuring tail moment (TM), tail length (TL), and% DNA in the tail. Lymphocyte DNA damage was significantly decreased in the carrot juice group in all three measurements. The group that received purified ${\beta}$-carotene also showed a significant decrease in lymphocyte DNA damage in all three measurements. However, no significant changes in DNA damage was observed for the placebo group except TM (P = 0.016). Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme was not significantly changed after supplementation. Similarly plasma lipid profiles were not different after carrot juice, ${\beta}$-carotene and placebo supplementation. These results suggest that while the placebo group failed to show any protective effect, carrot juice containing beta-carotene or purified ${\beta}$-carotene itself had great antioxidative potential in preventing damage to lymphocyte DNA in smokers.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.423-428
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• 2009

셀레늄은 필수미네랄로 항산화작용 등의 체내 주요 작용을 수행한다고 알려져 있다. 만성질환 등의 예방과 치료 등의 바람직한 효능을 기대하여 섭취가 늘고 있어서 주목을 받고 있다. 셀레늄은 암의 억제나 혈중포도당조절 및 지방억제 등의 목적으로도 이용되고 있다. 이러한 다양한 연구에도 불구하고 지방세포를 이용한 지방세포분화나 지방세포사멸 촉진에 미치는 영향은 아직 연구되어 있지 않다. 셀레늄의 지방세포조절을 통한 분자기전에 대한 연구는 늘어가고 있는 비만이나 비만관련대사질환의 조절에 학문적 근거를 제공할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 셀레늄이 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)를 중심으로 지방 미분화세포인 3T3-L1 지방세포의 분화억제 및 분화된 세포의 사멸작용의 기전을 밝히고자 하였다. AMPK는 세포 내 에너지상태의 센서로 작용하는데 실제적으로 운동의 지방대사 촉진기능이 이 단백질에 기인한다는 사실이 밝혀지면서 각광을 받고 있다. 또한 시상하부에서 AMPK는 호르몬이나 영양소 등의 생리적인 인자들을 통합하고 식욕이나 신체에너지 대사를 총괄하는 물질로 대두되고 있다. 셀레늄을 지방세포의 분화과정에 처리하였을 때에 현저한 지방세포로의 분화가 억제되었고 이미 다 분화된 성숙된 지방세포에 처리하였을 때는 세포사멸(apoptosis)을 유도하는 것을 발견하였으며 이와 동시에 AMPK의 활성화 촉진 및 AMPK의 지질인 acetyl-CoA carboxylase의 $serine^{79}$를 인산화하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이러한 셀레늄의 지방세포분화 억제 능력은 AMPK의 활성화 합성물질인 AICAR나 포도의 폴리페놀인 레스베라트롤의 능력과 같은 정도의 억제능을 보여주었다. 또한 AMPK의 항 지방축적작용에서의 필수성을 알아보기 위하여 지방세포에 AMPK 활성화 물질인 AICAR와 억제물질인 Compound C를 사용하여 AMPK활성화를 측정하여 본 결과 지방세포분화와 지방축적의 억제과정에 있어서 AMPK가 필수적임을 밝혀내었다.