• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.348-357
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• 2006

Nano is a unit that designates a billionth; accordingly nanotechnology could be described as the study and applications of the unique characteristics and phenomena of nanometer size materials. Applications of nanotechnology fall into two categories (one is top-down and the other is bottom-up). Currently, most products are the results of the top-down approach. Nanofoods have distinct functional characteristics stemming from the size, mass, chemical combinations, electrolytic features, magnetic properties of food sources at the nano level and which can be applied for safe absorption and delivery into the body. The greatest advantage of nanofood is that it permits the efficient use of small quantities of nutritional elements by increasing digestive absorption ability and by delivering natural elements without any change in their original characteristics. On the other hand, there are still unsolved problems, such as questions about safety and introduction of harmful material. The demand for new commercial food products is increasing, and commercial food producers are gradually combining nanotechnology and traditional food preparation methods. Nanofoods will improve our eating habits remarkably in the future. Tomorrow we will design nanofoods by shaping molecules and atoms. It will have a big impact on the food and food-processing industries. The future belongs to new products and new processes with the goals of customizing and personalizing consumer products. Nanotechnology is expected to be applied to not only foods themselves, but also to food packaging, production, safety, processing and storage. Also, it is believed that nanotechnology will be applied tracking finished products back to production facilities and even to specific processing equipment in those facilities. The aim of this study is the introduction of technology, applications, products, markets, R&D, and perspectives of nanofoods in the food industry.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.186-196
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• 2009

Mass customization (MC) is a business practice that aims to provide customers with customized products and services at near mass production efficiency. To achieve the aim, a number of methods to implementing MC are proposed. However, most of them require changes in entire process of the company, which make companies hesitate to implement MC even if it is essential to survive. In this paper, we proposed alternatives to partially implement MC for quick adaptation of MC. The base line assumption is not to change the production lines. The pros and cons of alternatives are given by qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Especially, by giving radar chart analysis of the quantitative measures, we give insight on the changes in the business performance measures, such as time to market and cost. Proposed alternatives are based on sub-processes such as purchasing raw materials, production process changes and packaging for efficient logistics. In this way, companies are able to provide customized products with small changing of the current manufacturing system. The process and benefit of the proposed strategy is verified by real world cases of a Korean health food company.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2021

Currently, due to COVID-19, household waste has a lot of impact on the environment due to packaging of food delivery. In this paper, we design and implement Faster-RCNN, SSD, and YOLOv4 models for municipal waste detection and classification. The data set explores two types of plastics, which account for a large proportion of household waste, and the types of aluminum cans. To classify the plastic type and the aluminum can type, 1,083 aluminum can types and 1,003 plastic types were studied. In addition, in order to increase the accuracy, we compare and evaluate the loss value and the accuracy value for the detection of municipal waste classification using Faster-RCNN, SDD, and YoloV4 three models. As a final result of this paper, the average precision value of the SSD model is 99.99%, the average precision value of plastics is 97.65%, and the mAP value is 99.78%, which is the best result.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.429-437
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• 1999

A mathematical model was established for estimating changes in pressure and volume of permeable kimchi packages. The model comprises the CO2 gas production from kimchi and permeation of O2, CO2 and N2 through the permeable film or sheet. Using the developed model, the effects of various packaging variables on the pressure and volume changes were analyzed for rigid and flexible packag es of kimchi(3% salt content) at 15oC, and then effect of storage temperature was also looked into. In case of rigid pack of 400g, using the plastic sheet of high CO2 permeability and initial vacuumizing can help to relieve the problem of pressure build up. The lower fill weight can further reduce the pressure, but will result in higher packaging cost. For the flexible package of 3 kg, highly permeable films such as low density polyethylene(LDPE) and polypropylene can reduce the volume expansion. Higher ratio of CO2 permeability to O2 and N2 permeabilities are effective in reducing the volume expansion. Increased surface area cannot contribute to reduction of volume expansion for highly permeable flexible packages of kimchi. For the impermeable packages, pressure and volume at over ripening stage (acidity 1.0%) increase with decreased temperature, while those at optimum ripening stage(acidity 0.6%) change little with temperature. Pressure of permeable rigid LDPE package increases with tem perature at any ripening stage, and temperature affects the volume of flexible LDPE package very slightly. Experimental verification of the present results and package design with economical consid eration are needed as a next step for practical application.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2004

신선초로 불려지는 옥죽은 향미와 약효가 뛰어난 것으로 인식되어 왔으며 많은 한약서이 기록에서도 그 효능을 높이 평가하고 있다. 특히 다른 차와 달리 다양한 미네랄을 풍부하게 함유하고 있는 옥죽차는 한방에서는 각종 허약증상에 자양 및 강장 효과 등에 이용되어 왔다. 또한 도가에서 성인들이나 불가의 스님들이 즐겼으며, 원효 스님이 구증구포한 옥죽차를 마시고 수도했다는 일화도 알려져 있다. 이처럼 옥죽차의 우수한 효능과 전통식품으로서의 가능성에도 불구하고 이에 대한 인식과 상품의 패키지 디자인 수준은 매우 미흡한 것이 현실이다. 실제로 전통차로서의 옥죽차나 구증구포에 대한 연구는 매우 미진한 수준에 머물러 있으며 상품 개발 또한 미흡한 실정에 있다. 이에 따라 변화하는 사회 환경과 국제 시장에 대응하기 위한 우리 전통식품의 활성화는 측면에서 패키지 디자인의 문제점을 점검하고 이에 따른 디자인 개선 방안이 요구되고 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 우리의 전통차이면서 지역 특산물인 옥죽차의 패키지 디자인 개선의 필요성과 방안에 대하여 고찰하고 있으며, 옥죽차에 대한 이론적 배경을 바탕으로 국내외 제품들의 패키지 실태를 비교, 분석하여 그 문제점과 해결방안을 모색해 보았다. 분석 결과에서는 저가의 둥굴레차를 중심으로 대부분 차별화되지 않는 패키지 구조와 재질, 유사한 그래픽 요소들로 이루어져 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 저급의 상품과 패키지에서 벗어나 고급화된 상품의 생산과 이에 적합한 현재적이고 기능적인 패키지 디자인의 적용이 필요하다고 하겠다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.364-371
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• 2022

Background: Respiratory masks can provide healthcare workers with protection from biological hazards when they have good performance. There is a direct relationship between the visual specifications of a mask and its efficacy; thus, the aim of this study was to develop tools for qualitative assessment of the performance of masks used by healthcare workers. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used to develop a qualitative assessment tool for medical face masks (MFM) and particle filtering half masks (PFHM). The development of domains and items was undertaken using observation and interviews, the opinions of an expert panel, and a review of texts and international standards. The second phase evaluated the psychometric properties of tools. Finally, the validated Mask Qualitative Assessment Tools (MQAT) were used to assess six samples from 10 brands of the two types of masks. Results: MQAT-MFM and MQAT-PHFM shared 42 items across seven domains: "cleanliness," "design," "marking, labeling and packaging," "mask layers," "mask strap," "materials and construction," and "nose clip." MQAT-MFM included one additional item. MQAT-PHFM included another nine items associated with an eighth "Practical Performance" domain, and the valve version had another additional "Exhalation Valve" domain and six items. The evaluation indicated 80% compliance for MFM and 71% compliance for PFHM. "Marking, labeling and packaging" and "Layers" were associated with the least compliance in both types of masks and should be checked carefully for defining mask quality. Conclusion: MQAT can be used for immediate screening and initial assessment of MFM and PHFM through appearance, simple tools, and visual inspection.

• 디자인융복합연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2019

이 연구는 고령화 사회 및 개인핵가족사회에 진입하는 우리나라의 현 상황에서 가정편의식 제품을 편리하게 사용할 수 있는 디자인에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법으로 첫째, 가정편의식 이론적 고찰로서 문헌자료 및 선행연구조사를 하였다. 둘째, 디자인 조사로서 가정편의식 디자인 사례 분류를 하였다. 셋째, 실제 사용하는 이용자를 대상으로 사용자 평가 및 감성평가 조사를 실시하였다. 제품 디자인 감성평가에 의한 요인분석 결과 3개의 대표 요인으로 분류되어졌다. 1요인은 "형태적 감성", 2요인은 "기능적 감성", 3요인은 "심리적 감성"으로 연구자에 의한 대표 감성언어 명칭을 3가지로 부여하였다. 가정편의식 패키지 디자인으로 다음과 같이 제작되어져야할 것이다. 첫째, 용기를 들때 대부분 비닐용기로 되어져있어 미끄러지고 떨어뜨리기 쉽기 때문에 용기에 그립감을 주어 잘 떨어뜨리지 않게 한다. 둘째, 손목이나 손가락 힘이 약한 고령자를 위하여 쉽게 뜯을 수 있게 제작 한다. 또한, 색상과 관련하여 차가운 한색계열 색상보다는 따뜻한 난색 계열색상을 이용하여 제공한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1056-1062
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• 2004

발포 폴리스티렌으로부터 증류수로의 잠재적 저분자 물질의 이행을 측정하고 수학적 모델을 이용하여 이행속도를 분석하고 예측하고자 하였다. 총괄 이행의 지표로 사용되는 KMnO$_4$ 소비량, 증발잔류물 등과 특정 이행으로는 styrene monomer를 측정하였다. Fick의 법칙을 사용하여 폴리스티렌으로부터의 이행과 확산에 대한 정량적 모델을 확립하고, 온도 및 용매조건에 따른 확산계수를 구하였다. 이로부터 다양한 사용조건에 대한 이행량을 예측하고, 현실적인 의미를 제시하였다. 발포 폴리스티렌으로부터의 증류수로의 이행물질로서 KMnO$_4$소비량, styrene monomer의 이행은 6$0^{\circ}C$에서 각각 0.030 $\textrm{mm}^2$/h과 6.8${\times}$$10^{-5}$ $\textrm{mm}^2$/h의 값을 보였다. 온도의존성을 나타내는 활성화에너지 값은 KMnO$_4$ 소비량, styrene monomer에 대해 각각 80.5 kJ/㏖ 및 98.6 kJ/㏖로 나타났다. 이행량 측정에서 적절한 이행의 정도를 얻을 수 있는 실험조건을 제시하고, 몇 가지 예상조건에 대해서 styrene monomer의 이행거동을 예측 제시하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2004

Life Cycle Assessment for the pulp, which is mainly used as the raw material of fine paper, base paper for food packaging and paper cup, has been carried out in this study to consider environmental aspects by quantifying the environmental emission and to evaluate its environmental impact potential. The system boundary was selected from cradle to gate stage(raw material acquisition, transportation of raw material and product manufacturing) of the product. Environmental impact was divided into 8 categories considering Korean situation: abiotic resource depletion, global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical oxidant creation, ecotoxicity and human toxicity. In Life Cycle Impact Assessment(LCIA) methodology phase, Ecopoint, Eco-indicator 95 and Korean eco-indicator were used and the results carried out by each methodology were compared. The results from this study were also compared with those of foreign study to verify the reliability of the results. The results of the study could be utilized as the basic data for Environmental Management System(EMS), Design for Environment(DfE) and Type III eco-labeling in the paper and paper-related industry.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of the study was to seek to find out what factors having differences between paid membership customers (Costco membership) and general customers in retail industry. Since Costco operates differently from other conventional retailers, which is expected to have a substantial impact on consumers' preference of retail stores. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey conducted covered 1,000 adults in their 30s~50s living in Goyang and Gwangmyeong where Costco runs stores to determine the effects of Costco's local market-entry from consumer perspectives. 500 respondents were surveyed in each region and those working in the retail sector were excluded to ensure the objectivity of the answers. Results - Costco members in Goyang considered the price, bulk purchasing, and membership benefits as important criteria when choosing their retail store. On the other hand, as for Gwangmyeong, the non-member group's prominent characteristic was that they considered accessibility including travel distance and location and in-store amenities including food court services as important criteria for decision-making. Conclusion - Unique business model of Costco shows a statistically significant difference in terms of consumer awareness. the feature of Costco served as an critical criteria for consumers in their purchasing decision. Moreover, Bulk packaging purchases at Costco results in a strong supplementary relationship with neighborhood supermarkets.