• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2016

In this study, the contents of dust and associated heavy metals on roadside plants were investigated to assess their foliar transfer. The study was conducted at six different locations (four roadside and two industrial) near an industrial area in Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh), India. Six metals (Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) were examined in this study. The concentrations of heavy metals in foliar dust were found to be in the order of Fe>Mn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd. However, this relative order changed in the case of leaf concentrations to Fe>Mn>Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr. The metal concentrations in the dust and leaves can be attributed mainly to industrial and vehicular emissions. In contrast to other metals, Cd showed significant accumulation in the leaves compared to the respective dust samples. This study showed different patterns in the distributions of heavy metals between the dust deposited on the leaves and the metal accumulated in the leaves. These results suggest that the dust retention and heavy metal accumulation in native plant species should be explored in an attempt to manage these hazardous metallic elements.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.191-196
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• 2004

The contribution of plant nutrition status in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plant to the nutrient acquisition by extraradical hyphae of AM fungi was investigated using cucumber colonized with Glomus intraradicies (BEG 110) focusing on the Zn. Compartmentalized pots with separated Bones for hyphal growth were used to determine the contribution of extraradical AM hyphae to Zn uptake from hyphal zones. $0.5\;{\mu}M$ Zn was supplied into the hyphal zones as nutrient solution (10 mL/day) with a form of $ZnSO_4$. Zn foliar application was made two times for one week before harvest (8 mL/plant). The colonization rate by AM were high in all of Zn treatments. The dry weight of cucumber increased by AM colonization compared to those of non-mycorrhizal counterpart. However: Zn foliar application resulted in no significant difference in dry weight between mycorrhizal- and non-mycorrhizal plant. In addition, the enhancement of Zn content in cucumber shoot by AM colonization were also reduced by Zn foliar application. These results indicate that the interaction between host plant and AM fungus for nutrient uptake might be related to plant nutritional status and nutrient contents. In consequence, higher Zn contents in host plant by foliar application of Zn could restrict the role of extraradical hyphae of AM fungus on the Zn acquisition and transfer from fungus to host plant.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.194-198
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• 2007

This study was performed to determine the optimum concentration of potassium for the foliar application, and its application stage to increase the production of marketable sized tomato. For this purpose, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 percent of potassium phosphate $(KH_2PO_4)$ were applied in the leaves of tomatoes by the stage of flowering, fruit setting and fruit development. The control plants were applied with distilled water. The results showed that foliar application with 0.5 percent of potassium phosphate increased the proportion of medium sized fruit of the products by 29.5 percent compared to the controlled plants, which is highest in the treatments. The foliar application of 0.5 percent of potassium phosphate at the fruit setting stage increased the yield of marketable sized fruit by 5.9 percent compared to the controlled plants.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2019

Plant tissue culture techniques offer quick methods of regeneration of plants of medicinal importance but the survival chances of such plants are always questionable when shifted to the in vivo conditions. The present study enumerates the micromorphological developments in the leaves of in vitro regenerated and field transferred plantlets of Oldenlandia umbellata. The leaves developed in vitro after $4^{th}$ subcultures of multiplication phase and after 6 weeks of field transferred plants were used. Statistically significant differences in the number of stomata, veins, raphides, crystals and trichome density per square mm were observed. The improvements in stomatal apparatus and density (decreased from 41.85 to 32.20), developments in leaf architectural parameters and emergence of defense mechanism through increased numbers of raphides (8 to 15), crystals and trichomes (13.5 to 18.2) proved acclimation of tissue culture raised plantlets from in vitro to the in vivo environments lead to 100 % success in field establishment of the plantlets. The in vitro induced foliar abnormalities (changes in stomata, venation pattern, vein density, trichomes, crystals etc.) were repaired while hardening of plantlets in the greenhouse and finally in the field. The observed micromorphological response of leaves under altered environmental conditions could help in determination of proper stage of field transfer and prediction of survival percentage of in vitro regenerated O. umbellata plantlets.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 2016

This study was conducted in an industrial city (Bilaspur) representative of subtropical area in central India. In order to assess the metal deposition on plant, concentrations of six target metals (i.e., Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Cr) in both plant leaf and dust (deposited on its surface) samples were measured from six different sites. Metal concentrations in dust samples were found on the order of Fe>Mn> Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd. In contrast, the concentration of metals in plant leaves were seen on the order of Fe>Mn>Cr>Cd>Cu>Pb. As such, Cd showed significantly high concentration in leaves relative to their corresponding dust samples. A high accumulation potential for Fe and Cd was seen from Butea monosperma, while Mn and Pb were accumulated noticeably in Pongamia pinnata and Butea monosperma. Likewise, Cr and Cu were enriched in Calotropis procera, Alstonia scholaris, and Butea monosperma. The overall results of our study suggest that the foliar uptake pattern should vary considerably by an interactive role between plant and metal types.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2000

The sensitivity analysis of input parameters for a dynamic food chain model DYNACON was conducted as a function of deposition date for the long-lived radionuclides $(^{137}Cs,\;^{90}Sr)$. Also, the influence of input parameters for the short and long-terms contamination of selected foodstuffs (cereals, leafy vegetables, milk) was investigated. The input parameters were sampled using the LHS technique, and their sensitivity indices represented as PRCC. The sensitivity index was strongly dependent on contamination period as well as deposition date. In case of deposition during the growing stages of plants, the input parameters associated with contamination by foliar absorption were relatively important in long-term contamination as well as short-term contamination. They were also important in short-term contamination in case of deposition during the non-growing stages. In long-term contamination, the influence of input parameters associated with foliar absorption decreased, while the influence of input parameters associated with root uptake increased. These phenomena were more remarkable in case of the deposition of non-growing stages than growing stages, and in case of $^{90}Sr$ deposition than $^{137}Cs$ deposition. In case of deposition during growing stages of pasture, the input parameters associated with the characteristics of cattle such as feed-milk transfer factor and daily intake rate of cattle were relatively important in contamination of milk.