• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.993-998
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• 2017

De-icing salts applied to roads during winter enable safe driving conditions. However, these salts are eventually displaced to roadside areas at which they can negatively impact soil, vegetation, and water resources. This purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between foliar damage ratio (NY = 0-25%, SY = 26-50%, CY = 51-75%) on roadside trees (Ginko biloba) and seasonal impact of de-icing salts on soil and vegetation. Thirty roadside trees were selected at 8 m intervals between the Konkuk and Judeok intersections in Chung-ju city. The results reveal that seasonal soil acidity is relatively alkaline for foliar damage ratio of Ginko biloba was CY compared to NY. Also, electronic conductivity of each seasonal sampling was recorded as high in winter and spring, whereas the opposite trend is observed in summer. Various plants species were identified in abundance under roadside trees within NY roadside sections. These same species were observed in reduced numbers within CY sections. Strong negative correlations were identified between foliar damage ratio on roadside trees and vegetation. This relationship may be a method to use in predicting the accumulation of de-icing salt and visible injuries on roadside trees.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Use of de-icing salts results in accumulation of high concentrations of ions on roadside soils and tree. The purpose of this study isto determine translocation of seasonal impact of exchangeable cations originating from de-icing salt on roadside surface soil-plant influenced by the intensity of foliar damage (NY = 0-25%, SY = 26-50%, CY = 51-75%) of trees. This paper investigated the concentration of four exchangeable cations ($K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$, and $Mg^{2+}$) on the roadside surface soil. The tree (Ginko biloba) samples were collected from the Konkuk and Judeok intersections in Chung-ju city. The sequential extraction procedure was applied to 120 soil samples of the soilsurface and 30 tree samples. Four cation exchange ions were determined by ICP-OES. The content of four exchangeable cations present on roadside soil was found to be the lowest in NY but highest in CY from tree pits in the order of NY < SY < CY. Especially, the results were apparent during spring time compared to other seasons. Soil collected from tree pits had the highest concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ possibly due to a higher volume of traffic on those streetsresulting in splashing of more calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$). The analysis of three exchangeable cations ($K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $Na^+$) in the tree leaves revealed higher levels than roadside surface soil when foliar damage ratio increased in the order of NY < SY < CY in summer. In addition, a strong positive linear relationship was observed between the concentration of exchangeable cations in soil and trees. It is hypothesized that the results of this study can be a valuable baseline for managing de-icing salt on roadside soil and trees, in order to mitigate the salt stress that can damage the roadside soil and trees.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2008

인공산성비 처리가 백합나무 묘목의 잎에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 인공적으로 pH 5.6, 4.9, 3.9, 2.9로 구분된 산성비를 일정기간 처리하여 엽록소 함량, 엽피해율 및 가시적 피해증상을 조사한 결과, 엽록소 함량의 경우, pH 수준 간 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났으나 pH 수준별 순차적 감소는 나타나지 않았고 인공산성비 처리가 지속됨에 따른 엽록소함량의 감소를 보였다. 또한, 엽록소 함량은 세 가지 토양에서 모두 pH 2.9처리구에서 가장 큰 폭으로 감소하였다. 엽피해율은 인공산성비 처리 초기시점에 급격한 피해를 보이다가 지속적으로 피해가 나타났다. 또한, pH 수준이 낮아짐으로써 엽피해율도 차이를 나타내었으며, 가시적 피해증상으로는 기형잎, 갈변현상, 괴사반점 형태로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 전반적으로 고려할 때, 인공산성비 처리는 백합나무 묘목의 잎에서 일어나는 광합성작용 및 물리적 피해를 준 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 최근 가로수 및 용재수로 보급 중에 있는 백합나무에 대하여 산성비에 의해 예상되는 내외부 생리적 반응 및 생장에 미치는 영향 등에 관한 체계적이고 부가적인 연구가 요구된다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2014

본 연구는 벼 재배에서 병해충방제의 목적으로 확대 보급되고 있는 농업용 무인헬기를 담수표면산파의 잡초방제에 활용 가능성을 검정하고자 수행하였다. 경엽처리 제초제(bentazone sodium + fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)의 처리농도는 벼 병해충방제에 적용하는 8배로 희석하여 처리한 결과 기준량 및 2배량 살포에서는 피해가 크지 않았으나, 3배량 이상 살포시 벼 생존율이 급격히 감소하였다. 벼 담수표면산파 포장에 발생한 주요 잡초는 피(Echinochloa crus-galli)를 포함한 일년생 6초종과 너도방동사니 등 다년생 2초종이었으며, 파종 후 25일에 무인헬기로 경엽처리 제초제 살포시 일년생 잡초에서 96.3%, 다년생 잡초 99.8%로 동력분무기를 이용한 관행방제와 유사한 방제가를 보였고, 약해 증상도 나타나지 않았다. 제초제 살포시기 설정을 위하여 파종 후 15일, 20일, 25일에 무인헬기로 살포한 결과 파종 후 15일에 방제가가 일년생 잡초 98.5%, 다년생 잡초 100%로 관행방제(1년생 97.3%, 다년생 99.6%)보다 높았고, 약해 증상도 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 농업용 무인헬기를 경엽처리 제초제 살포에 이용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.46-46
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• 2019

The experiments were performed in the Jinan (elevation: 300 meters above sea level), Jeollabuk-do. Seedlings (n = 63 per $3.3m^2$) of ginseng cultivar (Cheonpung, Yeonpung) were planted on April 10, 2015. Shading material of plastic film house was blue-white film. Before the Planting seedling, silicate (3 kg/10 a) or chitosan (40 kg/10 a) was fertilized and foliar sprayed on the leaves 1000 times dilution solution once a month from May to September every year. The growth results of 5-year old ginseng surveyed in 2018 are as follows. The average air temperature in the plastic film house was the highest at $26.6^{\circ}C$ and $26.5^{\circ}C$ in July and August, respectively, and the highest temperature was $40.5^{\circ}C$ in July. The maximum daily temperature of $35^{\circ}C$ or more was 30 days, with the average soil temperature being $24.9^{\circ}C$ in August. The chemical properties of the test soil are as follows. pH was 6.4~6.9 level and EC was 0.35~0.46 dS/m. The organic matter content was 33.5~41.4 g/kg, and available-P content was 251.9~306.8 mg/kg. Exchangeable cations contents, such as K, Ca and Mg were all the appropriate ranges. The soil microbial density surveyed by the dilution plate method was 10~50 times higher than that of control (Non-treatment) and actinomycete density was 3~6 times higher. Pathogens of the genus Fusarium by Metagenome analysis decreased 91.3% and 68.2% respectively in the foliar sprayed of chitosan and soluble-silicate. The light intensity (PAR) in the blue-white film plastic film house gradually increased until July and then decereased, with the average of light intensity in March-October was $120.3umol/m^2/s$. The growth of aerial parts such as plant height and stem length was better than non-sprayed group in silicate or chitosan treatments and Yeonpung cultivar was superior to the Cheonpung cultivar. The SPAD value was higher in Yeonpung cultivar foliar sprayed with soluble-silicate. The growth of underground parts such as root length and taproot length were better in chitosan and soluble-silicate treatment than control, especially in Yeonpung cultivar foliar sprayed with chitosan was good in taproot length and taproot diameter, and fresh weight of root was 60.1 g. Ginsenoside contents were 24.9 mg/g and 22.4 mg/g, in the Cheonpung cultivar foliar sprayed with soluble-silicate or chitosan respectively, 28% and 15% higher than control (19.5 mg/g). The incidence of disease by Alteraria panax and Botrytis cinerea was 3~9% and 4~9%, respectively. High temperature damage rate was 3~5%.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.352-358
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• 2006

조풍해(briny wind)에 대한 과수 과종간 피해 양상을 알아보기 위해 본 실험을 수행하였다. 갈변율의 경시적 변화에서 배와 복숭아는 처리 후 1시간 만에 갈변이 시작되었고, 사과와 포도는 2시간 후부터 갈변증상을 나타냈나. 배와 포도는 농도가 높아질수록 낙엽률도 증가되었다. 염분처리에 대한 사과의 에틸렌 함량은 NaCl 3.0% 처리한 경우 1, 2시간 후까지 무처리와 큰 차이가 없었지만, 24시간 후에는 무처리 보다 약 3배 이상 높은 함량을 나타냈고, 5일 후에는 차이가 없었다. 사과의 염분처리에서 뒷면처리는 앞 뒷면 전체처리한 경우와 동일한 갈변과 낙엽률을 보였다. 엽령에 따른 NaCl의 반응은 사과와 배 모두에서 성엽이 유엽보다는 피해가 크게 나타났고 배보다는 사과가 염에 대해 민감하였다. 처리시기에 따른 염피해 에서 7월 30일 처리는 사과에서 측아가 발아되었으며, 정단은 배 30%를 제외하고 나머지 과종은 100% 발아하였다. 상위엽과 정단의 호르몬 함량을 조사한 결과에서, 잎의 t-zeatin 함량은 대포구가 염처리구 보다 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 하지만 IAA와 ABA는 염농도가 높아질수록 상위엽의 함량이 증가하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.95-95
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• 2022

Maize is one of the world's three largest crops and has a long cultivation history, and is an important crop used for various purposes such as food, feed, and industrial raw materials. Recently, the agricultural environment is changing, in which the limit of cultivation of crops is shifted to the north due to the rise in temperature due to climate change. This study was conducted in experimental field of Suwon in 2022 by setting a seeding period earlier than the sowing time to establish the North Korean agricultural climatic zone and meteorological conditions. The test cultivars were silage cultivars, Kwangpyeongok and Dacheongok. As a priming test method, it was used to directly plant seeds in the field through immersion using 4mM zinc (Zn) and 2.5mM manganese (Mn), which are trace elements for seeds. The planting season was early on March 15th, April 1st, and April 15th. The number of days from sowing to silk stage of the two cultivars sown on March 15, April 1, and April 15 was 107, 93, and 85 days for Kwangpyeongok and 109, 95, and 87 days for Dacheongok, respectively. The seed priming test did not show any difference from the control group in the growth survey up to the middle stage of growth. In another test, low-temperature recovery was confirmed through nitrogen (2-5%) foliar fertilization after 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days in refrigeration (0 degrees), a selective low temperature treatment for com in the third leaf stage. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the low-temperature damaged com treated at 0℃ showed the same growth as that of the untreated com through nitrogen foliar fertilization. These results suggest that urea foliar fertilization for low-temperature damage reduction of corn for silage in high-latitude climates will be helpful. In addition, through the results of the study, additional studies are needed on the recovery mechanism and field application through urea foliar fertilization.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.128-132
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• 2004

공시된 세 품종의 고추에 대한 단기간의 오존 처리로 잎에서 나타나는 전형적인 증상은 갈색의 괴사 반응이었으며, 괴사가 심했던 오존 감수성인 다보탑과 같은 농도에서 괴사가 전혀 없었던 부촌 품종을 오존 저항성 품종으로 판단되었다. 고추의 두 품종에서 오존 처리에 의해 광합성 및 기공 전도도 등의 생리생태적 저해가 뚜렷이 나타났다. 그러나 잎에서 가시피해의 정도와 생리생태적 저해 정도와의 상호 연관성으로 고추에서의 오존 저항성 기작을 설명하고자 하였으나 생리생태적 반응으로 잎에서 발생하는 오존 저항성의 기작을 설명할 수 없었다. 다만, 고추에서 오존 처리에 의한 광합성 감소는 뚜렷한 기공전도도 감소와 명반응에서 광합성 기구들의 손상에 기인한다고 여겨진다. 그러나, 암반응에서 생화학적 반응을 설명할 수 있는 A-Ci curve 상에서는 오존 처리에 따른 효과를 찾을 수 없었다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.93.1-93
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• 2003

A growth chamber fumigation was conducted to evaluate the ozone (O3) on the physiology of three hot pepper, Capsicum annuum L. cultivars, 'dabotab', 'buchon' and 'pochungchun'. Thirty-day old plants were exposed to O3 of 120 nl 1-1 in the chambers for 8 h d-1 for 3 days. Foliar damage due to O3 was different from the varieties, 'dabotab'was most sensitive to O3, 'pochungchun' was medium, and 'buchon' was resistant. Ozone symptom on the leaves was bifacial necorsis. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were decreased due to O3 treatment, but they were not much different from the variety. Decreases of net photosynthesis by O3 were 56％, 40％ and 35％ on 'dabotab', 'buchon' and 'pochungchun', respectively Decreases of stomatal conductance by O3 were 66％, 63％, and 50％ on each varieties. Ozone closed the stomata and decrease net photosynthesis on hot peppers regardless of the variety. Light curves on the three varieties were showing similar patterns that O3 damage on net photosynthesis were started at the low levels of light with or without the visible injury, Assimilation-internal CO2 concentration curves of the three cultivars were not different due to the treatment. It means there was not significant biochemical damage Inside the leaves by O3. In conclusion, ozone closed the stomata and damaged light capturing system of the pepper leaves with or without the visible damage. Although visible damage of the leaves could be a good indicator of O3 resistance, the ecophysiological change by O3 were not proportional to the amout of visible injuries

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.170-179
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• 2022

글루탐산은 식물의 생장과 발달에 중요한 역할을 하는 필수아미노산의 전구체이며, 저온 보호 물질로 이어지는 생합성 경로를 자극하여 저온 피해를 줄이는 생물자극제 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 저온 스트레스 조건에서 글루탐산 엽면 처리가 배추에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 글루탐산 2가지 엽면시비 농도(0 및 10mg·L^-1)와 3가지 주/야간 온도 수준(11/-1℃ extremely low, E; 16/4℃ moderately low, M; 21/9℃ optimal, O)을 결합하여 6개의 처리가 수행되었다. 글루탐산의 엽면 처리는 정식 후 10일에 1회살포하고, 글루탐산 처리 직후 온도 처리는 최대 4일 동안 실시하였다. 처리 4일 후, ABA, PA, DPA 및 ABA-GE 함량은 M 처리에서 Glu 0 처리보다 Glu 10 처리에서 함량이 더 높았다. Glucose 함량은 E 및 Glu 10 처리에서 가장 높은 반면(52.1mg·100g^-1 dry weight), fructose 함량은 O 및 Glu 0 처리에서 함량이 가장 높았다(134.6mg·100g^-1 dry weight). GLP, GBS, 4MGBS, GNBS 및 GNS 함량은 E 및 Glu 10 처리에서 모든 처리 중 가장 높았다(0.72, 2.05, 1.67, 9.40 및 0.85µmol·g^-1 dry weight). 처리 2일 후 E 및 Glu 10 처리의 PA와 DPA함량에서 급격한 변화를 확인하였고, 몇몇 개별 glucosinolate 함량(GLP, GBS, 4MGBS, GNBS 및 GNS)은 저온과 글루탐산 처리에 따라 유의적 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, fructose는 glucose 대신 fructan을 에너지원으로 사용하였기 때문에 처리 4일후 E와 M처리에서 O 처리에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 함량을 보였다. 따라서, 저온과 글루탐산 엽면 처리에 따른 PA, DPA, glucose, fructose 및 개별glucosinolate 물질들의 변이를 확인하였지만, 저온과 글루탐산의 효과에 관한 명확한 상관관계를 평가할 수는 없었다. 배추과 작물은 호냉성 채소로서 저온에 민감하게 반응하지 않고, 대부분 내한성을 가지고 있기 때문으로 판단된다.