• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.397-405
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 식품 중의 엽산을 추출하기 위한 trienzyme 방법을 개선하기 위하여 ${\alpha}$-amylase와 folate conjugase 를 동시에 처리하는 방법 (CI)과 기존의 방법대로 protease, ${\alpha}$-amylase, folate conjugase 세가지 효소를 각각 처리하는 방법 (SI)을 비교해 보았으며, 개선된 방법을 이용하여 패스트푸드와 가공식품에 들어있는 엽산 함량을 분석하였다. 1) 12종 88개 식품에 대하여 엽산을 추출하기 위한 기존의 방법 (SI)과 두가지 효소를 동시에 처리하는 CI 방법으로 엽산 함량을 비교한 결과 식품의 종류에 따라 두 방법간에 -6.5%에서 34.0%까지의 차이를 보였다. 식품의 종류별로 paired t-test를 한 결과 9종에서는 유의적 차이를 볼 수 없었으며, 3종에서는 CI 방법이 SI 방법에 비해 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 효소 처리시간이 단축됨으로 인해 엽산의 손실이 적었기 때문인 것으로 보이며, 따라서 실험시간을 절약할 수 있는 CI 방법을 활용하는 것이 바람직하겠다. 2) CI 방법으로 식품 중의 엽산을 추출하고 미생물학적 방법으로 엽산 함량을 분석한 결과 햄버거의 100 g당 평균 엽산 함량은 29.0 ${\mu}g$, 치즈버거 35.6 ${\mu}g$, 불고기버거 34.4 ${\mu}g$, 새우버거 33.5 ${\mu}g$, 치킨버거 29.3 ${\mu}g$, 휘시버거 31.7 ${\mu}g$이었다. 비스킷의 엽산 함량은 28.1 ${\mu}g$, 감자튀김은 49.1 ${\mu}g$이었고, 피자 29.7 ${\mu}g$, 샌드위치 31.6 ${\mu}g$, 삼각김밥 24.3 ${\mu}g$으로 나타났으며, 이 값을 1회 분량으로 환산하면 버거종류는 43.1${\sim}$62.0 ${\mu}g$, 감자튀김 53.3 ${\mu}g$, 피자 28.4 ${\mu}g$, 샌드위치 47.4 ${\mu}g$, 삼각김밥 25.7 ${\mu}g$이었다. 3) 가공식품 26종의 엽산함량을 측정한 결과 100 g 당 엽산 함량이 가장 높은 식품은 캔옥수수로 89.5 ${\mu}g$이었고 다음으로는 냉동만두가 80.8 ${\mu}g$이었다. 그 외의 가공식품으로 소시지는 19.6 ${\mu}g$, 비엔나소시지 11.7 ${\mu}g$, 햄 11.5 ${\mu}g$, 튀긴어묵 10.7 ${\mu}g$ 등으로 측정되어 가공식품의 엽산 함량은 대체로 낮은 수준이었으며, 음료의 엽산 함량은 100 g당 1.0${\sim}$5.2 ${\mu}g$으로 매우 낮았다. 4) 본 연구에서 분석한 패스트푸드와 가공식품, 소스, 음료 등 32종의 엽산 함량을 기존의 식품영양가표와 비교하였을 때 식품영양가표의 엽산값은 분석값과 비슷한 경우도 있었으나 0.04${\sim}$140배 까지 차이가 매우 큰 경우도 있었다. 본 연구에서 분석한 식품 중의 엽산 함량은 우리나라 사람들의 엽산 섭취량을 파악하고자 할 때 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것이며, 어린이, 청소년, 젊은 성인층에서 섭취량이 점차 증가하고 있는 패스트푸드와 새롭게 개발되는 가공식품의 엽산 함량을 앞으로도 지속적으로 분석하여 이를 데이터베이스에 반영할 필요가 있다고 여겨진다.

• 핵의학기술
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.162-166
• /
• 2012

Vitamin $B_{12}$, Folate는 아미노산과 핵산의 합성에 필수적인 영양소로 DNA 복제에 관여하는 효소이다. 체내에서는 신체의 성장에 활발하게 관여하여 세포분열과 증식을 하는 조혈조직에 대한 영향이 커 빈혈의 감별진단 검사의 하나로서 측정된다. 이런 Vitamin $B_{12}$, Folate는 빛에 민감한 검사로 알려져 있어 검사 매뉴얼 또한 검사 시 실험 시, 보관 시 모두 빛의 노출을 피하도록 하고 있다. 이에 따라 본원의 검사실에서는 Vitamin $B_{12}$, Folate 검사시 빛의 노출을 최소한으로 하고 있다. 하지만 검체 분리 보관 지연 및 검사 시 다른 여러 가지 요인들로 인해 빛의 영향을 완전히 배제할 수는 없다. 따라서 Vitamin $B_{12}$, Folate 검사 시 빛의 영향 정도와 빛 차단이 필수적인 지의 여부를 확인하고자 실험 시 빛의 영향 정도와 실험 전 보관 시 빛의 영향 정도로 나누어서 분석해보고자 한다. 2012년 3월, 본원에 의뢰된 다양한 농도의 환자 검체 10개를 대상으로 실험시 빛의 영향과 검체 보관 시 빛의 영향 정도를 확인하는 두 가지 실험을 실시하였다. 첫 번째는 Vitamin $B_{12}$, Folate 실험시 반응 단계에서 빛을 차단한 결과와 빛에 노출된 결과를 비교하였다. 두 번째는 Vitamin $B_{12}$, Folate 실험 전 검체 보관 시 1, 2, 7일 동안 빛을 차단하여 보관한 결과와 빛에 노출된 결과를 비교하였다. 첫 번째, 실험 시 빛 차단의 여부에 따른 검사 결과 Vitamin $B_{12}$의 경우 영향이 없고 Folate의 경우 큰 영향은 없지만 유의확률이 0.033(상관식 y=1.02x-0.86)으로 실험 시 빛을 차단하는 것을 권장한다. 두 번째, 보관시 빛 차단의 여부에 따른 검사 결과 1일, 7일에서는 영향이 없고 2일에서는 Vitamin $B_{12}$ 유의확률이 0.033, Folate 유의확률이 0.037로 영향이 있었다. 이는 복잡한 검사 방법으로 인한 기술적 오류가 포함되어 있을 것으로 예상되어 1, 2, 7일 모두 보관 시 빛에 영향이 없는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 1일차에 비해 7일차 유의확률 p-value가 감소함에 따라 장기간 보관 시 빛을 차단할 것을 권장한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.615-622
• /
• 2005

Folate and Vitamin $B_{12}$ are essential nutrients important during pregnancy. This study was conducted to evaluate the folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ nutritional status of Korean pregnant women and to investigate the relationship between maternal­umbilical cord serum folate and vitamin B12 levels and pregnancy outcomes. Dietary intakes of the pregnant women were estimated by 24 hour-recall (3 times). Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in maternal blood and umbilical cord of 27 pregnant women at 1'st-, 2'nd-, 3'rd-trimester and delivery were measured by RIA (radioimmuno assay), respectively. Means of folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ intake were $283.53\pm58.01{\mu}g/day\;and\; 2.99\pm1.32mg/day$, respectively. Maternal mean serum folate levels of the trimester and delivery were $9.75\pm3.60ng/ml,\;10.46\pm4.63ng/ml,\;10.71\pm4.14ng/ml\;and\;15.05\pm7.04ng/ml$. Those maternal levels were significantly lower than that of umbilical cord blood $(23.99\pm9.42ng/ml)$. Serum vitamin $B_{12}$ levels of maternal trimester and delivery were $479.07\pm137.56 pg/ml,\;310.96\pm137.56pg/ml,\;308.22\pm74.65pg/ml,\;and\;295.67\pm93.36pg/ml$, which were significantly lower than those of umbilical cord blood $(500.13\pm185.60ng/ml)$. This finding indicates that the uptake of folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ in the fetus may be due to an active placental transport mechanism. Maternal serum level correlated positively with those of umbilical cord blood, showing that folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration of umbilical cord blood might be affected by maternal status. There was no significant correlation between the serum folate levels in maternal-umbilical cord blood and the pregnancy outcomes. However, maternal vitamin $B_{12}$ level at l'st trimester was significant positive correlation between the gestational age except for birth weight and weight gain.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.162-173
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the folate contents and quality characteristics of commercial and fermented Kimchi and compare the correlation between folic acid and quality characteristics. Methods: The contents of total folate and quality characteristics were evaluated in 10 kinds of industrial and local Kimchi and nine kinds of other commonly consumed Kimchi. Changes in folate content and quality characteristics of Kimchi during 14 days of fermentation at $15^{\circ}C$ were compared. Results: Chungnam (L4) Kimchi had the lowest pH of 4.62, and acidity (0.57%) and salinity (3.26%) were highest compared to other areas. The content of total folate of D company (A) was the highest at $73.66{\mu}g/100g$. The content of total folate was significantly higher than those of Sesame leaf Kimchi (O9) and Young leafy radish Kimchi (O5) containing 65.77 and $62.82{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. The pH of fermented Kimchi decreased from 6.09 to 4.11 (p<0.05), and the acidity significantly increased (p<0.001) to 0.32-0.66%. Reducing sugar content decreased rapidly by 4 days and then slowly decreased (p<0.001). Total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria counts significantly increased (p<0.05) with fermentation period. Content of total folate was highest at $69.82{\mu}g/100g$ and $68.16{\mu}g/100g$ on days 0 and 2 of fermentation, after which it decreased to 77.6% at $15.61{\mu}g/100g$ on day 10 of fermentation. Conclusion: As a result, there was no definite trend regarding folate content in commercial Kimchi and other Kimchi. Young leafy radish, Chives, and Welsh onion Kimchi, which are rich in green leaves, are excellent folate source foods. The highest folate content of fermented Kimchi was identified on day 2 of fermentation. Therefore, it is recommended to use raw or immature Kimchi when using Kimchi as a folate source food.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.328-333
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 총 65균주의 Bifidobacterium과 Lactobacillus로부터 엽산 생성능력이 있는 11균주의 Lactobacillus를 1차 선정하였다. 그 중 microbiological assay를 통해 엽산 생성능력이 가장 우수한 것으로 선발된 L. plantarum Fol 708을 이용하여, 우유배지에서 L. brevis GABA 100과의 공동배양 및 배양 pH을 일정하게 유지한 후, 각각의 pH조건에서 균체 내부 및 배양 상등액의 엽산 생성과 균체량을 측정하였다. 공동 배양은 1% glutamic acid가 첨가된 우유배지에 균주를 각각 1% (v/v) 접종하여 발효시켰으며, L. plantarum Fol 708과 L. brevis GABA 100의 접종비율이 1:1에서 가장 높은 엽산 생성(약 $8{\mu}g/100mL$)을 보여주었다. 배양 pH을 일정하게 유지한 후 균체량과 엽산 생성을 측정한 경우, 균체량은 pH 4.5에서 가장 높게 측정되었고, 총 엽산 생성은 pH 5.5에서 가장 높게 측정되었다. 본 연구에서 선발한 L. plantarum Fol 708을 이용하면 엽산 함량이 높은 다양한 발효 식품의 개발에 도움이 될 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.647-651
• /
• 2012

Aim: An epidemiological study was conducted based on an esophageal cancer patient's cohort to investigate the association of folate intake and MTHFR C677T polymorphism with the prognosis of esophageal cancer in a Chinese population. Methods: 167 patients aged 37-75 years who had histological confirmed diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell cancer were collected from Jan. 2006 to Jan. 2008. MTHFR genotypes at the C677T site were analyzed by PCR-based RFLP methods, and the folate intake was computed by multiplying the food intake (in grams) and the folate content (per gram) of food in our questionnaire. Results: We found associations between the prognosis of esophageal cancer and smoking status, T and N stages. Individuals carrying the MTHFR 677CT and TT genotypes showed a shorter survival time than with the CC genotype, with adjusted HRs (95% CI) of 1.20 (0.56-2.15) and 2.29 (1.30-4.28), respectively. Similarly, those carrying MTHFR 677T allele had a 1.86-fold risk of death. A higher folate concentration showed a significant decreased risk of death, with an HR (95% CI) of 0.45 (0.18-0.87). Individuals with high folate intake and the MTHFR 677CC genotype showed a significant decreased risk of esophageal cancer (0.43, 0.25-0.89).Conclusion: Our findings supports the hypothesis that high folate intake and active MTHFR C677T polymorphism may exert protective roles in the prognosis of esophageal cancer in the Chinese population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.21-25
• /
• 2013

Background: Genetic factors and environmental factors play a role in pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Previous studies regarding the association of folate intake and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism with ESCC was conflicting. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association of MTHFR C677T and folate intake with esophageal cancer risk. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Chinese Biomedical Database were searched in our study. The quality of studies were evaluated by predefined scale, and The association of polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T and folate intake and ESCC risk was estimated by Odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: 19 studies (4239 cases and 5575 controls) were included for meta-analysis. A significant association was seen between individuals with MTHFR 677 CT [OR(95%)=1.47(1.32-1.63)] and TT [OR(95%)=1.69(1.49-1.91)] genotypes and ESCC risk (p<0.05). Low intake of folate had significantly higher risk of esophageal cancer among individuals with CT/TT genotype [OR(95%)=1.65(1.1-2.49)], while high intake of folate did not find significant high risk of esophageal cancer among individuals with CT/TT genotype [OR(95%)=1.64 (0.82-3.26)]. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis indicated the folate intake and MTHFR 677CT/TT are associated with the risk of ESCC, and folate showed a significant interaction with polymorphism of MTHFR C677T.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2001

The elevation of total plasmahomocysteine is now an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Plasma folate and vitamin {TEX}$B_{12}${/TEX} influence Hcy metabolism as cofactors. In this study, we studied the relationship of major risk factors for cardovascular disease, including advanced age, male gender, obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dislipidemia and plasma homocyteine, folate and vitamin {TEX}$B_{12}${/TEX} levels in Koreans. A total of 195 adult Koreans participated. The subjects were divided into three groups according to how many major conventional risk factors of cardiovascular disease they had: no risk, low risk (1~3 risk factors) and high risk (>3 risk factors) groups. As the number of risk factors increased, the plasma homocysteine levels significantly increase, while the plasma folate levels significantly decreased. The plasma homocysteine levels re higher in males than in females. The subjects with hyperglycemia had higher plasma homocysteine levels than the subjects without the risk factor. Also the subjects with dislipidemia had higher plasma homocysteine levels than the subjects without the risk factor. The plasma folate and vitamin {TEX}$B_{12}${/TEX} levels were significantly lower in males tan females. However, there were no significant differences in plasma folate and vitamin {TEX}$B_{12}${/TEX} levels between the subjects with or without other risk factors. These results indicate that plasma homocysteine levels were positively related with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and plasma folate levels were negatively related with the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Also, we conclude that plasmahomocysteine levels might be related to the combination of risk factors, rather than an individual risk factor.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제34권11호
• /
• pp.3243-3248
• /
• 2013

The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) inhibits matrix metalloproteinases activity and modulates cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The human serum albumin-TIMP-2 with folic acid conjugate (termed HT2-folate) was synthesized to promote uptake through folate receptors (FRs), and a corresponding radio-labeled compound was prepared for tumor diagnosis by positron emission tomography (PET). $^{68}Ga$-NOTA-HT2-folate was synthesized from $^{68}Ga$ and the NOTA chelator with HT2-folate. The fusion protein was identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The radioligand was prepared with a high radiochemical yield. Cell-surface association of $^{68}Ga$-NOTA-HT2-folate significantly increased over time in FR-positive tumor cells. In animal PET and biodistribution studies, tumor uptake was very high as early as 1 h after radioligand injection. Folate conjugation enhanced the selective receptor-targeting efficacy of HT2 in FRexpressing tumors, and its radioligand will be useful as an in vitro tool and for in vivo tumor diagnosis by PET imaging.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of serum folate (vitamin B9), cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels and diet with semen parameters (semen standard parameters [SSP] and DNA fragmentation index [DFI]) in infertile men. Methods: Sperm samples were assessed for SSP and DFI (using the sperm chromatin dispersion test). Serum vitamin concentrations were measured with an immuno-electrochemiluminescence assay, and men completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: Serum folate levels were positively correlated with sperm progressive motility and DFI. A comparison of SSP between two groups of patients according to serum folate concentration (B9 <4.840 ng/mL and B9 ≥4.840 ng/mL) showed significantly higher sperm concentration and sperm progressive motility in the latter group. However, there was no difference between these groups regarding DFI. Interestingly, serum folate levels were significantly higher in patients with a high DFI (using the cut-offs of 30% or 18%). FFQ data showed that the consumption of fruits and egg yolk correlated positively with sperm concentration and sperm motility, respectively. Conclusion: Serum folate levels showed significant associations with sperm concentration and sperm progressive motility. However, the positive association of serum folate with DFI raises the need for careful prescription of folate supplements.