• Journal of Popular Narrative
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.393-425
• /
• 2019

This paper focuses on Alain Resnais's representative works (1955), (1959), and (1963), and analyzes how he implements a representation of memory though cinematic apparatus. These three films deal with horrific memories that seem impossible to reproduce aesthetically such as the Holocaust, the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb, World War II, and the war in Algeria. The reappearance of events that stripped humans of even their minimum dignity can naturally be associated with ethical issues. These events can never be reproduced because they cannot be explained in the human language. It is also impossible to reproduce in a way that doesn't invade other peoples' sufferings, nor displays the pain of others as spectacles. Alain Resnais was a director who realized that if factual representation was not possible from the beginning, truthfulness would have to be approached through cinematic form. Therefore, he tries to overcome these problems through cinematic forms. First, he shifts to action films to avoid the obscenity of documentary. shows the records of camps captured by German forces in the past, while shows the pain of others in a fictional form of representation. Next, he describes how the trauma affects the identity of the main character through a flashback in , but also shows a main character who is experiencing trauma without a flashback in Flashbacks have the effect of showing the effects of trauma on the main character, but at the same time they involve the obscenity of enjoying the suffering of others. Nonetheless, the absence of flashbacks highlights the impossibility of representation. This is because it is not silent in the impossibility of representation but is constantly approaching. The attitude that repeatedly circles around impossibility is an ethical form that maximizes the impossibility of representation. In conclusion, this is the ethics of representation that Alain Resnais showed in his films.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.882-893
• /
• 1996

Background : Over one-third of solitary pulmonary nodules are malignant, but most malignant SPNs are in the early stages at diagnosis and can be cured by surgical removal. Therefore, early diagnosis of malignant SPN is essential for the lifesaving of the patient. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Korea is somewhat higher than those of other countries and a large number of SPNs are found to be tuberculoma. Most primary physicians tend to regard newly detected solitary pulmonary nodule as tuberculoma with only noninvasive imaging such as CT and they prefer clinical observation if the findings suggest benignancy without further invasive procedures. Many kinds of noninvasive procedures for confirmatory diagnosis have been introduced to differentiate malignant SPNs from benign ones, but none of them has been satisfactory. FOG-PET is a unique tool for imaging and quantifying the status of glucose metabolism. On the basis that glucose metabolism is increased in the malignant transfomled cells compared with normal cells, FDG-PET is considered to be the satisfactory noninvasive procedure which can differentiate malignant SPNs from benign SPNs. So we performed FOG-PET in patients with solitary pulmonary nodule and evaluated the diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of malignant SPNs. Method : 34 patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule less than 6 cm of irs diameter who visited Samsung Medical Center from Semptember, 1994 to Semptember, 1995 were evaluated prospectively. Simple chest roentgenography, chest computer tomography, FOG-PET scan were performed for all patients. The results of FOG-PET were evaluated comparing with the results of final diagnosis confirmed by sputum study, PCNA, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, or thoracotomy. Results : (I) There was no significant difference in nodule size between malignant (3.1 1.5cm) and benign nodule(2.81.0cm)(p>0.05). (2) Peal SUV(standardized uptake value) of malignant nodules (6.93.7) was significantly higher than peak SUV of benign nodules(2.71.7) and time-activity curves showed continuous increase in malignant nodules. (3) Three false negative cases were found among eighteen malignant nodule by the FDG-PET imaging study and all three cases were nonmucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma less than 2 em diameter. (4) FOG-PET imaging resulted in 83% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value and 84% negative predictive value. Conclusion: FOG-PET imaging is a new noninvasive diagnostic method of solitary pulmonary nodule thai has a high accuracy of differential diagnosis between malignant and benign nodule. FDG-PET imaging could be used for the differential diagnosis of SPN which is not properly diagnosed with conventional methods before thoracotomy. Considering the high accuracy of FDG-PET imaging, this procedure may play an important role in making the dicision to perform thoracotomy in diffcult cases.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.435-447
• /
• 2016

Anthropogenic emissions of $PM_{2.5}$ in Chuncheon are considered to be low according to the national emissions inventory; however, the atmospheric $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations have been reported to be higher than or at least similar to those measured in metropolitan (e.g. Seoul) and/or in industrial cities (e.g. Incheon, Ulsan). In this study, the concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ and its ionic and carbonaceous compounds were measured from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2014 in Chuncheon, Korea to identify the characteristics of high $PM_{2.5}$ concentration event. Average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was $34.6{\mu}g/m^3$, exceeding the annual air quality standard ($25{\mu}g/m^3$). The most abundant compound was organic carbon (OC), comprising 26% of $PM_{2.5}$ mass, followed by $SO_4{^{2-}}$. Among 14 high concentration events, three events showed clearly enhanced contributions of OC, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$ and $NH_4{^+}$ to $PM_{2.5}$ under the fog events. One event observed in summer showed high concentration of $SO_4{^{2-}}$ while the high wind speeds and the low $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratios were observed for the two high concentration events. These results indicate that the secondary aerosol formation under the fog events and high atmospheric temperature as well as the regional and/or the long-range transport were important on enhancing $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in Chuncheon. Cluster analysis based on back trajectories also suggested the significant impacts of regional transport from China and metropolitan areas of Korea on $PM_{2.5}$ in Chuncheon.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.479-483
• /
• 2014

The area of greenhouse horticulture has increased dramatically since the early 1990s in Korea. However, area per farmer still very small and diverse pest species occurs in greenhouse abundantly because of its protected condition. To manage pests, farmers use many pesticides frequently. Incessant and improper use of chemicals provoked pesticide resistance in pest and poisoning of farmers. In this study, we investigated the efficiencies of automatic dry fog sprayer for controlling two aphid species, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae, in greenhouse horticulture. When doors and side windows were completely closed in automatic dry fog sprayer treatment greenhouse, aphids were controlled similar level with conventional spraying method (percent control: 61.0~94.1%). However, when half of the doors and side windows of the greenhouse were opened, aphids were controlled poorly (percent control: 36.0~54.4%).

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.303-314
• /
• 2003

Ocean-air observation using an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) and Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) was conducted in the Mid-Yellow Sea off Korea during 8-10 July 2002. A water mass lower than 17$^{\circ}C$ around the Taean peninsula and a tidal front between 36$^{\circ}$20'N and 36$^{\circ}$30'N were observed. The horizontal distribution of air temperature was similar to that of sea surface temperature (SST). Hourly observation around Dukjuk island showed the cold and saline southwesterly and the warm and fresh northeasterly in phase with tidal current. Sea fogs two times formed at 2300 LST 8-0130 LST 9, and 0300-0600 LST 9 July 2002 during the observation period, respectively. During the initial stage of fogs, winds became northeasterly at the speed of 2-4m/s$^{-1}$, and air temperature dropped to 18$^{\circ}C$, as the North Pacific High weakened. The satellite image indicated that sea fogs formed over warm water in the western Yellow Sea and moved eastward toward the observation site, which could be called a steam fog. The fogs dissipated when wind speed and air temperature increased.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2001

The cooling effect of a fog cooling system has a close relationship to air flow and relative humidity in the greenhouse. From the VETH chart for cooling design, a cooling efficiency can be improved by means of increasing the air exchange rate and the amount of sprayed water. In the no shading experimental greenhouse by time control, when average air exchange rate was 0.77 times.min$^{-1}$ and spray water amount was 2,009g, inside temperature of the greenhouse was 31$^{\circ}C$ that was almost close to outside temperature and cooling efficiency was 82%. When average air exchange rate was close to temperature of the greenhouse that was no cooling and 70% shading greenhouse environment. When average air exchange rate was 2.59times.min$^{-1}$ , spray water amount was 2,009g and shading rate was 70%, inside relative humidity of the greenhouse was increased was 2,009 g and shading rate was 70%, inside relative humidity of the greenhouse was increased, but temperature was not decreased. When average air exchange rate was 2.33 times.min$^{-1}$ and spray water amount was 2,009g, inside temperature was 31.4 and at that time maximum wind speed at the air inlet of greenhouse was 1.9m.s$^{-1}$ . Since time controller sprayed amount of constant water at a given interval, some of sprayed water remained not to be evaporated, which increased relative humidity and decreased cooling efficiency. Because the shading screen prevented air flow in the greenhouse, it also caused the evaporation efficiency to be decreased. In order to increase cooling efficiency, it was necessary to study on controling by relative humidity and air circulation in the greenhouse.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.265-278
• /
• 2011

Effects of the open level of the side window were studied to control the temperature and relative humidity in the fog cooling greenhouse. The greenhouse was cooled by air atomizing spray nozzles of the air and water two-fluid process. The control process includes the measuring of environmental variables, setting and coding of the water balance equations and heat balance in greenhouse, calculating of the roof window open and spray water, and operating of the motor and pump. The target temperature and relative humidity were set at $28^{\circ}C$, 75%, respectively. The three modes of the side window open level were 0%, 50% and 100%. The average dry bulb temperatures of the inside air were 28.2, 27.2 and $26.3^{\circ}C$, respectively and their standard deviation was ranged from $0.4^{\circ}C$to $0.8^{\circ}C$. Also the relative humidity of the 0% mode was the best controlled one with the average of 76.3% and the standard deviation of 2.1%.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.35-53
• /
• 2024

Under the leadership of the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), the first domestic autonomous flight-type weather modification experimental drone for fog and lower-level cloud seeding was developed in 2021. This drone is designed based on a multi-copter configuration with a maximum takeoff weight of approximately 25 kg, enabling the installation of up to four burning flares for seeding materials and facilitating weather observations (temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind) as well as aerosol (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM_1.0) particle measurements. This research aims to introduce the construction of the drone and its recent applications over the past two years, providing insights into the experimental procedures, effectiveness verification, and improvement directions of the weather modification drone-based rain enhancement. In particular, partial confirmation of the experimental effects was obtained through the fog dissipation experiment on December 10, 2021, and the lower-level cloud seeding case study on October 5, 2022. To enhance the scope and rainfall amount of weather modification experiments using drones, various technological approaches, including adjustments to experimental altitude, seeding lines, seeding amount, and verification methods are necessary. Through this research, we aim to propose the development direction for weather modification drone technology, which will serve as foundational technology for practical application of domestic rain enhancement technology.

• Water Engineering Research
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.75-87
• /
• 2001

A new moving boundary technique for leap-frog finite difference numerical mode is proposed for the resonable simulation of coastal inundation over discontinuous topography. The new scheme improves the moving boundary technique developed by Imamura(1996). The present scheme is tested using the analytical solution of Thacker(1981) for the case of free oscillation with moving boundary in a parabolic bowl. Finally, a numerical simulation is conducted for the flooding over a tidal barrier constructed on a simple concave geometry. A general feature of inundation over a discontinuous topography is well described by the numerical model.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1995.07c
• /
• pp.1039-1041
• /
• 1995

This paper describes the performance of the widely used polymeric insulating material for outdoor insulation. Various methods to describe the surface aging of polymer materials such as the peak and average of the leakage current, the cumulative charge, the weight loss have been investigated. The relationship between surface current, time are plotted and discussed.