• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.445-459
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper was to discern the nature of socially acceptable corporal punishment through legal analysis. To do this, the researcher attempted to clarify the concept of corporal punishment, to figure out the current legal position about corporal punishment, and to examine the court cases against corporal punishment. The results of the study were as follows: Firstly, corporal punishment is intentional physical or emotional aversive stimuli to students who violated the rules and norms, to reduce or fix specific undesirable behaviors, by the person who is in charge of discipline of students. Secondly, current regulations do not accept corporal punishment in principle. Thirdly, court cases did not admit the corporal punishment in principle, but did not charge legal liability if the corporal punishment was done in proper manner in view of education. However, the judicial precedents are getting more strict focusing on the human rights of students.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

In the developing limb, chondrogenesis is an important prerequisite for the formation of cartilage whose template is required for bone formation. Chondrogenesis is a tightly regulated multi-step process, including mesenchymal cell recruitment/migration, prechondrogenic condensation of the mesenchymal cells, commitment to the chondrogenic lineage, and differentiation into chondrocytes. This process is controlled exquisitely by cellular interactions with the surrounding matrix and regulating factors that initiate or suppress cellular signaling pathways and transcription of specific genes in a temporal-spatial manner. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chondrogenesis is important not only in the context of establishing basic principle of developmental biology but also in providing research direction toward preventive and/or regenerative medicine. Here, I will overview the current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to prechondrogenic condensation processes, the crucial steps for chondrogenesis, focusing on cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권5호통권98호
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• pp.74-82
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• 1999

To meet the needs of the hydraulic excavator of large capacity, tandem axial type piston pump which is high pressure and high speed have been developed. But inevitably we can not help facing the problem of noise at that time. In order to reduce the noise of this pump, many researchers have been studying the problem of oil distribution manner. But they are not interested in the symmetric structure of tandem type pump. So, focusing on the symmetric structure of tandem type pump, this paper analyzed unbalanced force developed in the pump chamber and verified the effect of the pumping phase of the piston on vibration and noise of the tandem axial type piston pump theoretically.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2004년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.197-198
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• 2004

This study has been done to know concretely the designs of traditional American houses in eighteen century and their specific styles based on Deerfiled town and I found out followings. First, the traditional eighteen century houses in Deerfied had a 'L'shape exterior view and a flat facade and the front door made a symmetry with sash windows. A chimney had been installed in the middle of the roof and it usually had a gable with natural materials in a simple manner. Secondly, the most important factor to design houses was a front door and it had been decorated in luxury and in a display. Lastly, the traditional American houses in eighteen century had been greatly influenced not by the that of British which is commonly taken but by the various cultural backgrounds which represented regional characteristics and was rather simple.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.505-521
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• 2015

A general approach of aerodynamic optimization of tall buildings is presented in this paper, focusing on how to best compromise wind issues with other design aspects in the most efficient manner. The given approach is reinforced by establishing an empirical method that can quickly assess the across-wind loads and accelerations as a function of building frequencies, building dimensions, aspect ratios, depth-to-width ratios, and site exposures. Effects of corner modifications, including chamfered corner and recessed corner, can also be assessed in early design stages. Further, to assess the effectiveness of optimization by tapering, stepping or twisting building elevations, the authors introduce a method that takes use of sectional aerodynamic data derived from a simple wind tunnel pressure testing to estimate reductions on overall wind loads and accelerations for various optimization options, including tapering, stepping, twisting and/or their combinations. The advantage of the method is to considerably reduce the amount of wind tunnel testing efforts and speed up the process in finding the optimized building configurations.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.531-555
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• 2018

This article aims to review the monetary policy rule under inflation targeting framework focusing on Mongolia. The empirical analysis estimates the policy reaction function to see if the inflation targeting has been linked with a monetary policy rule emphasizing on inflation stabilization since its adoption in 2007. The study contributes to the literature by examining the linkage between Mongolian monetary policy rule and inflation targeting directly and thoroughly for the first time and also by taking into account a recent progress in the inflation targeting framework toward forward-looking mode. The main findings were: the Mongolian current monetary policy rule under inflation targeting is characterized as inflation-responsive rule with forward-looking manner (one quarter ahead); the inflation responsiveness is, however, weak enough to be pro-cyclical to inflation pressure; and the rule is also responsive to exchange rate due to the "fear of floating", which weakens the policy reaction to inflation and output gap.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.79-101
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• 2021

With the steady rise in global popularity of the Korean music group BTS, the South Korean government and surrounding industries have swiftly begun utilizing their image and international recognition for specific nation branding purposes. While K-pop soft power strategies are not novel to the South Korean state, what is new is the rapid speed at which BTS have become a beacon for South Korean culture, language, and symbolism in the international arena. However, few scholarly works have sought to investigate the role fans have played in this heightened position for the group as state representatives, with minimal research conducted into the work fans do within the framework of ARMY fan culture. This paper will thus aim to fill the gap in scholarship on ARMY as an organized labour network, focusing on the role fans play as labourers in online spaces that work to promote, disseminate, and cultivate wider recognition for BTS as artists. Through the conjunct engagement of a political economy framework and theories of participatory culture, this paper will explore the manner through which the free labour of ARMY, premised on affect, has constructed the fandom as active agents of soft power alongside BTS themselves.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2021

This paper provides practical suggestions for how palliative care clinicians can address the expressions of spiritual struggle voiced by patients and their loved ones. In addition to practical tips for listening and responding, ethical guidance and opportunities for self-reflection related to spiritual care are briefly discussed. Principles to guide practice when the clinician is listening and responding to a patient expressing spiritual struggle include being non-directive, honoring (vs. judging) the patient's spiritual or religious experience, keeping the conversation patient-centered, focusing on the core theme of what the patient is expressing presently, using the patient's terminology and framing, and responding "heart to heart" or "head to head" to align with the patient. Ultimately, the goal of a healing response from a spiritual care generalist is to allow the patient to "hear" or "see" themselves, to gain self-awareness. To converse with patients about spirituality in an ethical manner, the clinician must first assess the patient's spiritual needs and preferences and then honor these.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2010

정원의 재식설계(planting design)는 환경과 식물의 생리적인 특징을 파악하고, 그 식물이 가지고 있는 색채, 질감, 형태의 심미적인 호기심에서부터 출발하여 다른 식물들과의 관계를 어떻게 해야 하는지 결정해야 한다. 많은 디자이너들은 전통적으로 색상요소를 중점적으로 구상하는 경향이 있다. 본 연구는 제킬(Gertrude Jekyll)의 먼스태드 우드(Munstead Wood), 비타(Vita Sackvill-West)의 시싱허스트(Sissinghurst), 로이드(Christopher Lloyd)의 그레이트 딕스터(Great Dixter), 존스턴(Lawrence Johnston)의 히드콧 매너(Hidcote Manner)의 4개의 정원을 사례로 한다. 먼스태드 우드의 플라워 보더(flower border)는 끝에 연한 회색과 파란색을 식재하고, 중심으로 갈수록 화려한 빨간색과 오렌지색의 강한 클라이맥스를 만들고 있다. 기존에 등한시했던 흰색과 파란색을 사용하였다. 시싱허스트는 그 이전까지 거의 사용되지 않던 퍼플색(purple color)을 사용하였으며, 딕스터에서는 원래 놓여있던 마젠타색과 동시에 뚜렷한 오렌지색의 혼합으로 기존에 형성되어 있는 색에 대해서 충격을 느끼게 하고, 병치를 통해 원하는 효과를 이룰 수 있게 하였다. 히드콧 매너는 강력한 레드 보더(Red border)를 탄생시켰다. 4명의 작가들은 관찰자의 진행방향에 따라 섞이는 색의 배열, 색의 조절을 통해 정원이 실제보다 크거나 작게 느껴질 수 있는 공간체험을 위해서 색을 사용하였다. 인식 공간에서 주색상과 부차적 색상을 혼합하여 배열할 때, 감상자로 하여금 머릿속에 총체적으로 인식하는 기법을 사용하였다. 재식설계에서 시간은 계절을 유지하여 연출하자는 것으로 주제 색상을 전개할 때, 색상 그라데이션을 사용하거나 색상대비 효과를 유도한다. 또, 재식설계에서 공간은 색상의 구역을 정하는 방식으로 이루어졌다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 근전계 빔 집속(near-field beam focusing: NFBF) 시험을 활용한 평면위상배열레이다 시스템의 성능 검증 방안을 제시하고 결과의 유효성을 확인하였다. 제시한 시험 기법은 안테나 개구면 크기 두 배 거리의 근전계 영역에서 레이다 시스템을 검증하는 방안으로 야외가 아닌 전자파 무반향실 내에서 원전계 성능 시험과 동일하게 레이다 시스템을 검증할 수 있었다. 이를 위해 근전계 에너지를 사용한 빔 집속 시험의 시험 구성도 및 검증 절차에 대하여 기술하였다. 또한 빔 조향된 근전계 빔 집속 시험에 대한 수학적인 검증을 통해 개별채널의 추가적인 위상 보상값을 수치화하였다. 이론적인 검증에 기반하여 실제 근전계 빔 집속 시험을 수행하였고 이상적인 결과와의 비교를 통해 시험 방법의 유효성을 확인하였다.