• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.402-408
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• 2019

Purpose: The study want to verify application the medium expantion foam extinguisher of expantion foam rate and fire extinguishing Performance test because the medium expansion system can maintain the discharge distance less affected by air currents, and the foam agent can be used efficiently. Method: For the study, the medium-expansion testing apparatus was manufactured and with synthetic surfactant foam agent of (class B) fire extinguishing model, and Fire Performance was analyzed for foam expansion rate and the fire agent consumption was measured and analyzed. Results: We measured the medium-spray testing apparatus and found that the expansion rate was 26.1 times. The test results of a 20-unit fire extinguishing model show that the extinguishing time is faster than the high and low foam expansion. It has been analyzed that it is possible to apply a hand-operated with a hose reel or medium expansion apparatus. Conclusion: Considering that the foaming agent and the extinguishing performance of the medium foam ratio are excellent, It is necessary to introduce the technical standards of medium foam agent for the introduction of hand-operated equipment, such as hose reel or portable medium foam apparatus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.49-52
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• 2003

The objective of this study the mechanical characteristics of prefoamed lightweight foamed concrete using the mineral foam agent which has high lightness, and strength. The compressive strength of lightweight foamed concrete using mineral foam agent are about 2 times degree high those the of lightweight foamed concrete using vegetable foam agent. Lightweight foamed concrete was able to obtain the result of 50kg/㎠ or more compressive strength, when was unit weight 0.8t/㎡. In the case of the same unit weight of concrete, it is influenced by w/c of foam agent ratio. The paper present extensive data on characteristics of compressive strength of the concrete manufatured with the different factors in mix design and also present optimum mix proportion.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.198-201
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• 2001

Porous structures of aluminum foam have been studied by using return aluminum scrap. The apparent foam shape, foam height, density, pore size and their distributions in various section areas of the experimental samples have been investigated. The sample have been cast into metallic mold, using aluminum foam prepared from a precursor based on pure Al ingot and return aluminum scrap mixed with various amounts of 1-2wt% increasing viscosity and foam agent materials. The process provides for flexibility in design of foam structures via relatively easy control over the amount of hydrogen evolution and the drainage processes which occur during foam formation. This is facilitated by manipulating parameters such as the foaming agent, thermal histories during solidification and mix melt viscosities. A metal for producing the foamed are decomposing a foaming agent in a molten metal such that there is an initial and a subsequent expansion due to foaming agent. It has been found that the Al porous foaming with variation amount of 1∼2wt% foam agent and at 2min holding time, which melting temperature has appeared homogeneous pore size at 650∼700$^{\circ}C$. The compression strength were 10-13 kg/min at 125ppi, and increased by higher pore density. The acoustical performance of the panel made with the foamed aluminum is considerably improved; its absorption coefficient shows NRC 0.6-0.8. It has been found that the Al foam is very preferable for the compactness of the thermal system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.22-23
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• 2016

This study analyzes the properties of foam according to the concentration of vegetable foaming agent that is used in traditional and mixed foaming agent of developing stage, and confirms how the foams influence foamed concrete by searching for properties of foamed concrete according to replacing ratio of vegetable foaming agent and mixed foaming agent. This is for the purpose of providing basic data for the use of foamed concrete through improvement on the problem such as unstability, falling in fluidity and the strength of existed foaming agent.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2023

To reduce the weight of the engineering plastic Nylon 6 resin, two high-temperature foaming agents, p-toluenesulfonyl semicarbazide (PTSS) and 5-phenyltetrazole (5-PT) (0-10 phr), were added and foamed without other additives. We investigated the effects of the foaming agent type and content on the foam density (g/cm³) and percent weight reduction rate of the Nylon 6 foam, and 5-PT exhibited better foaming performance than PTSS. In the case of 5-PT, the weight reduction rate was above 36% when the blowing agent content was 1.5 phr or higher, indicating that 5-PT is an effective blowing agent for reducing the Nylon 6 foam weight. Additionally, we studied the effect of the nucleating agent Talc content (0-0.4 phr) on Nylon 6 foaming, and the nucleating agent Talc considerably reduced foaming.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.49.1-52
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• 2003

The objective of this study the mechanical characteristics of preformed lightweight foamed concrete using the mineral foam agent which has high lightness, and strength. The compressive strength of lightweight foamed concrete using mineral foam agent are about 2 times degree high those the of lightweight foamed concrete using vegetable foam agent. Lightweight foamed concrete was able to obtain the result of 50kg/$\textrm{m}^3$ or more compressive strength, when was unit weight 0.8t/$\textrm{m}^3$. In the can of the same unit weight of concrete, it is influenced by w/c of loan agent ratio. The paper present extensive data on characteristics of compressive strength of the concrete manufactured with the different factors in mix design and also present optimum mix proportion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.79-85
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• 2015

Onboard fire extinguishing system is important to protect cargo and human lives and every oil tanker has foam type fire extinguishing system. Because of environmental problem, agent which contains materials such as Perfluorinated compounds are regulated and the development of the environmental friendly agent is required. The protein foam has less environmental pollution problem and has an excellent fire extinguish performance to oil fire. In the research, bivalency metal salts were added as stabilizer to increase fire resistance and stability of the foam. Ferrous sulfate, Iron chloride and Nickel chloride were used and to adjust to vessel, sea water was applied. As a stabilizer increased, the expansion ratio was raised. However 25% drainage time was decreased over 2.0 wt.% which is knowable that the foam brokes easily. The amount of generated foam was measured to check fluidity of foam and it appeared that when $FeSO_4$ 1.2 wt.% was added, the amount of generated foam reached large and also the 25% drainage time was high. To evaluate the fire extinguishing performance for oil fire, the small scale oil fire test was executed. When $FeSO_4$ 1.2 wt.% was added, fire extinguishing time was in its shortest which informs fluidity of foam and stability are important factors on fire extinguishing efficiency.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.241-246
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• 2010

The viscosity of foam metal is necessary to get the pores, but it is difficult to manufacture net-shape foam, because the fluidity decreases by increasing viscosity. In this study, the A356 alloy which has good fluidity and less defect was selected and fabricated to foam metal. To understand about effect of thickening agent on foaming and mechanical properties, quantity of thickening agent was changed. The pore size, porosity and distribution of foam metal were measured by i-solution program. And compression test were performed by UTM. In case of 3.0wt% Ca in thickening agent, it is found that most of foam consist of homogeneous shape, and the growth height had the highest value of 204 mm in the all fabricated foams. The porosity was 93% and compressive strength was 3.1 MPa. In the microstructure, the $Al_2Si_2Ca$ intermetallic compound and Ti were observed. The vickers hardness value rose with increasing viscosity value.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

Recently, the government has been working feverously to save energy and reduce greenhouse gas emission by enacting Basic Act on Low Carbon Green Growth at the national level. Improving the insulation performance of building exterior and insulator can reduce the energy in the building sector. This study is about developing light-weight foamed concrete insulation panel that can be applied to buildings to save energy and to find the optimal condition for the development of insulation materials that can save energy by enhancing its physical, kinetic and thermal characteristics. Various experimental factors and conditions were considered in the study such as foam agent types (AES=Alcohol Ethoxy Sulfate, AOS=Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate, VS=Vegetable Soap, FP=Fe-Protein), foam agent dilution concentration (1, 3, 5%), and foam percentage (30, 50, 70%). Experiment results indicated that the surface tension of aqueous solution including foam agent, was lower when AOS was used over other foam agents. FP produced relatively stable foams in 3% or more, which produced unstable foams containing high water content and low surface tension when diluted at low concentration. Depending on foam agent types, compressive strength and thermal conductivity were similar at low density range but showed some differences at high concentration range. In addition, when concentrations of foam agent and foaming ratio increased, pore size increased and open pores are formed. In all types of foam agent, thermal conductivity were excellent, satisfying KS standards. The most outstanding performance for insulation panel was obtained when FP 3% was used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.18-23
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• 2014

Foam extinguishing agent is widely used for extinguishing combustible liquid fires. Compared to other foam type extinguishing agents, protein foam has relatively low cost and low toxicity and produces stable foam blanket which is excellent in heat resistance and sealability, despite it has weak fluidity. Therefore the study investigated foaming characteristics followed by various factors affecting the fluidity of the protein foam extinguishing agent. The extinguishing characteristics differentiated by the changes in fluidity were also experimented. Foaming performance was compared by measuring the expansion ratio and the 25% drainage time. Moreover, the 25% drainage time and the extinguishing time was compared. The results showed that the 25% drainage time and the expansion ratio were increased as the pressure of nozzle and the concentration of hydrolyzed protein liquid enlarged. However the foaming and extinguishing performance were not improved when the condition exceeded certain level of pressure and concentration. The fastest fire extinguishing condition was the nozzle pressure 4bar with the 85wt.% of concentration of hydrolyzed protein liquid.