• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.124-128
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• 2011

This study estimated experimentally the loss distribution caused by magnetic friction in magnetic parts of a superconductor flywheel energy storage system (SFES) to obtain information for the design of high efficiency SFES. Through the spin down experiment using the manufactured vertical shaft type SFES with a journal type superconductor magnetic bearing (SMB), the coefficients of friction by the SMB, the stator core of permanent magnet synchronous motor/generator (PMSM/G), and the leakage flux of the metal parts were calculated. The coefficients of friction by the stator core of PMSM/G in case of using Si-steel and an amorphous core were calculated. The energy loss by magnetic friction in the stator core of PMSM/G was much larger than that in the other parts. The level of friction loss could be reduced dramatically using an amorphous core. Energy loss by the leakage magnetic field was small. On the other hand, the energy loss could be increased under other conditions according to the type of metal nearby the leakage magnetic fields. In manufactured SFES, the rotational loss by the amorphous core was approximately 2 times the loss of the superconductor and leakage. Moreover, the rotational loss by the Si-steel core is approximately 3~3.5 times the loss of superconductor and leakage.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.440-445
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• 2011

This paper presents a new regenerative brake system of electric vehicles that employs a continuous variable transmission(CVT) and a flywheel. The developed device has advantages over existing regenerative brakes from a standpoint of reliability and versatility in actual driving conditions. The system consists of a CVT, two wheels, a flywheel, a coupling and auxiliary powertrain components. The CVT is designed as a combination of two cones and a roller, which causes the velocity difference between the wheel and the flywheel. The power flow of the flywheel system is controlled by the CVT roller and the coupling through step motors. A prototype has been developed and then its performance has been investigated for various operating conditions. Results show that the storage efficiency of the flywheel is much affected by the vehicle's velocity and it is reduced below 20% for high speed, as compared to the 25% efficiency for an ideal condition. The CVT is a primary factor for lowering the flywheel efficiencies due to large friction and slipping between the cone and the roller.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2008

5kWh FESS(Flywheel Energy Storage System) using AMB(Active Magnetic Bearing) has been under development and 1st trial system has been finished and run the operating test. Unfortunately, the test result was not satisfactory because FESS could increase the rotational speed up to 9,000 rpm only although the target rotational speed is 18,000rpm. It's because 1st bending mode frequency of flywheel shaft was too low and imbalance response was too big. To achieve the target speed, 1st bending mode and imbalance response must be improved and the whole FESS needed to be designed again. This paper presents the newly designed FESS and what has been changed from the 1st trial FESS to improve 1st bending mode and imbalance response. The experimental results to see how much 1st bending mode frequency was improved are presented, too.

• 소음진동
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1998

A 500Wh class high-speed Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) driven by a built-in BLDC motor/generator has been designed, which runs from 30000 to 60000rpm nominally. Due to the motor/generator inside, the flywheel rotor made of composites supported by PM/EM hybrid bearing system has a shape of bell or pendulum and thus requires accurate rotordynamic analysis and prediction of its dynamic behavior to secure the operating reliability. Rotordynamic analyses of the flywheel rotor-bearing system revealed that the bell shaped rotor has two conical rigid-body modes in the system operating range and the first conical mode, of which nodal point lies in the radial EM bearing position, can adversely affect the dynamic response of the rotor at the corresponding critical speed. To eliminate the possibility of wild behavior of the rotor, two guide bearings are adopted at the upper end of the rotor and motor/generator. It was also revealed that the EM bearing stiffness if 0.5~1.0E+6 N/m and damping of 2000 Ns/m are favirable for smooth operation of the system around the 2nd critical speed.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집; 경주코오롱호텔; 22-23 May 1997
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• pp.283-289
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• 1997

A 500Wh class high-speed Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) driven by a built-in BLDC motor/generator has been designed, which runs from 30000 to 60000rpm nominally. Due to the motor/generator inside, the flywheel rotor made of composites supported by PM/EM hybrid bearing system has a shape of bell or pendulum and thus requires accurate rotordynamic analyses and prediction of its dynamic behavior to secure the operating reliability. Rotordaynamic analyses of the flywheel rotor-bearing system revealed that the bell shaped rotor has two conical rigid-body modes in the system operating range and the first conical mode, of which nodal point lies in the radial EM bearing position, can adversely affect the dynamic response of the rotor at the corresponding critical speed. To eliminate the possibility of wild behavior of the rotor, two guide bearings are adopted at the upper end of the rotor and motor/generator. It was also revealed that the EM bearing stiffness of 0.5~1.0E+6 N/m and damping of 2000 Ns/m are favorable for smooth operation of the system around the 2nd critical speed.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.606-607
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• 2007

This paper is about optimal flywheel capacity estimation for Ullueng-do power system. The power system of Ullueng-do has some differences with other island power system in Korea. It includes wind generator, hydro-generators as well as diesel generators. There are some problems on 600kW wind generator. Because of frequent drop of wind generator, the Ulleung-do power system have been threatened on frequency. The power frequency is 60Hz, and it should be between 59.9 and 60.1Hz. However, since the electrical inertia is small and the weight of wind generation is relatively high, generator drop of wind generation might make the power frequency out of boundary. In this paper, the flywheel energy storage system is assumed to be installed on Ulleung-do power system. Then, the maximum wind generation capacity and the optimal superconducting flywheel energy storage system capacity is estimated by the transient stability simulations.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1757-1763
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• 2010

플라이휠 에너지 저장 장치는 잉여 전기를 회전관성을 통해 운동 에너지로 저장하는 장치로, 회전의 중심이 되는 축과 외부의 플라이휠로 구성이 된다. 수치해석을 위한 일반적 프로그램들은 3차원의 모델을 통하여 구조해석 및 주파수 응답 등의 해석을 수행하게 된다. 허나 상용 프로그램을 이용한 동역학적 해석의 응용은 매우 어려운 실정이며, 사용자가 그 방법을 익히는 것 또한 쉽지 않다. 이러한 문제들을 보완하고자 동역학적 해석을 위한 프로그램을 2차원의 모델을 사용하여 구축하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 모델링은 회전체를 2차원으로 표현함으로써 3차원에 비해 시스템의 표현을 보다 단순화하여 시스템의 구조를 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 하였으며, 회전체를 서로 다른 재질의 다중 레이어로 모델이 가능하게 하였다. 또한 축계에 추가적 강성의 영향을 줄 수 있는 열박음 부분에 대하여, 그 영향 정도를 선택적으로 입력할 수 있게 하여 열박음에 대한 효과를 조정할 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제시하는 2차원 모델을 이용한 동특성 해석 프로그램의 해석 오차를 알아보기 위해 상용 프로그램의 해석 결과와 비교하였으며, 모델링을 위한 시간과 해석 수행 시간 역시 비교하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.366-369
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• 2005

최근 환경 및 에너지 문제가 자동차 산업의 중요한 이슈로 인식되면서 하이브리드 자동차(Hybrid Electric Vehicle) 기술과 연료 전지 자동차(Fuel Cell Vehicle)등이 주목받고 있다. 특히 하이브리드 자동차는 요구되는 동력과 생성되는 동력의 차이 때문에 순시 동력 저장 장치 (peak power buffer)가 필요한데, 반복적인 충/방전 싸이클에서 용량의 감소 없이 높은 단위 질량당의 동력과 에너지를 가지며 부피, 효율, 수명 면에서도 우수한 플라이 휠 에너지 저장장치가 이러한 동력 저장 장치로 적합하다. 본 논문은 하이브리드 자동차를 위한 플라이 휠 에너지 저장 장치의 현 상태 (state of art)를 기술한다. 첫번째로, 플라이 휠 에너지 저장장치의 기원과 배경을 설명한다. 두 번째로 하이브리드 자동차를 위한 플라이 휠 에너지 저장 장치의 세부 사항을 요약하고, 플라이 휠 에너지 저장을 이용한 하이브리드 자동차의 예와 플라이 휠 에너지 저장장치의 설계 쟁점과 자동차에 적용시키기 위한 최근 기술적 진보를 논의한다. 마지막으로, 플라이 휠 에너지 저장장치의 파급 효과와 다른 적용 예를 소개한다.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2013

This paper presents the effect on application of the flywheel energy storage system (FESS) for load frequency control (LFC) of an interconnected 2 area power system. To do this, the control characteristics with the FESS were compared with that of the conventional governor controller. The controller for the FESS control and the governor control used a PID type controller. Both the FESS PID controller and the governor PID controller using genetic algorithm (GA) were designed to optimize the PID parameters. The frequency and generation output characteristics with the only FESS controller and with the only conventional governor controller were compared. To verify robust performance of the FESS controller, the computer simulations were performed under various disturbances. The simulation results showed that the FESS controller provided better dynamic responses in comparison with the conventional governor controller.

• 유공압시스템학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

It is strongly requested to reduce fuel consumption because of high oil price and exhaust gases of road vehicles for environmental preservation. To solve these problems, several types of hybrid vehicles have been developed. Among them, flywheel hybrid vehicle using variable displacement pump/motor was already proposed as one of the feasible hybrid systems in place of hybrid vehicle by the conventional storage battery. The proposed flywheel hybrid vehicle is to keep constant pressure of high pressure line by the control of swash plate angle of flywheel pump/motor as pressure compensator. The efficiency of the overall system depends severely on the efficiency of hydraulic pump/motor in the energy saving hydraulic control system by simulation. According to the control methods of swash plate angle of piston pump/motor, there remain several problems to be solved. In this paper, experimental setup for energy saving is fabricated and the efficiency of energy saving is investigated by experiments with respect to various experimental conditions.