• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.269-285
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• 2002

Water heat transfer experiments were carried out in a uniformly heated annulus with a wide range of pressure conditions. The local heat transfer coefficients for saturated water (low boiling have been measured just before the occurrence of the critical heat flux (CHF) along the length of the heated section. The trends of the measured heat transfer coefficients were quite different from the conventional understanding for the heat transfer of saturated flow boiling. This discrepancy was explained from the nucleate boiling in the liquid film of annular flow under high heat flux conditions. The well-known correlations were compared with the measured heat transfer coefficients. The Shah and Kandlikar correlations gave better prediction than the Chen correlation. However, the modified Chen correlation proposed in the present work showed the best agreement with the present data among correlations examined .

• 멤브레인
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.221-231
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• 1994

Dextran(Mw.:500,000)용액의 한외여과에 있어서, 현재 나권형 모듈의 유로형성체로 사용되는 난류촉진물체를 적용하여 실험한 결과, 난류촉진물체의 mesh가 증가할수록 막투과 flux가 향상되었으며, 난류영역에서는 층류영역에 비해 순환유속과 난류촉진물체의 사용에 따른 막투과 flux에 대한 영향이 상대적으로 적었다. 난류촉진물체의 사용에 따른 막투과 flux 향상율은 사용한 membrane의 종류에 따라 층류영역의 경우 최대 112%, 난류영역의 경우 50%에 달하였다. 또한 난류촉진물체를 사용함으로써 한외여과막의 고분자 용질에 대한 배제 성능을 높일 수 있었으며, 이러한 flux 및 배제 성능 증가 등의 효과들은 높은 조작압력차와 낮은 순환유속(농도분극이 상대적으로 심한 영역)에서 더욱 두드러졌다. 그러나, 난류촉진물체의 mesh 수와 순환유속이 증가함에 따라 한외여과 cell 내에서의 압력손실도 증가하였으며, 특히 난류영역에서는 그 영향이 매우 심하였으므로 실제 공정 설계시 순환유속과 압력차 및 난류촉진물체 형태에 따른 압력손실을 반드시 고려해 주어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 물질전달계수 예측을 위한 기존의 물질전달 상관관계식을 농도분극층에서의 고분자 물질의 물성변화를 고려하고 경계층 저항 모델에 근거하여 보정하였는 바, 기존의 관계식에 비해 오차를 줄일 수 있었으며, 이때의 관계식은 다음과 같았다.$N_{sh}=0.151(N_{Re})^{0.199}(N_{Sc})^{0.22}(N_{Scm})^{0.197}\;(625 $N_{sh}=0.0165(N_{Re})^{0.428}(N_{Sc})^{0.33}(N_{Scm})^{0.223}\;(5015

• 전기의세계
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.19-32
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• 1973

This paper treats with some of plasma jet behaviors under magnetic field for the purpose of controlling important characteristics of plasma jet in the practices of material manufacturings. Under the existence and non-existence of magnetic field, the pressure distribution, flame length, stability and noise of plasma jet are comparatively evaluated in respect of such parameters as are current, gap of electrode, quantity of argon flow, magnetic flux density, diameter and length of nozzle. The results are as follows: 1) the pressure, the length and the noise of plasma jet rise gradually with the increase of are current, and have high values under identical arc current as the diameter of nozzle increases, but reverse phenomenon tends to appear in the noise. 2) The pressure, the flame length and the noise increase with the increased quantity of argon flow, and the rising slope of noise is particularly steep. Under magnetic field, the quantity of argon flow in respect of flame length has the critical value of 80(cfh). 3) The pressure and length of flame decrease with small gradient value as the length of gap increases, but the noise tends to grow according to the increase of nozzle diameter. 4) The pressure and the length of jet flame decrease inversly with the increase of magnetic flux density, which have one critical value in the 100 amps of arc current and two values in 50 amps. The pressure of jet flame can be below atomospher pressure in strong magnetic field. 5) "The constriction length of nozzle has respectively the critical value of 6(mm) for pressure and 23(mm) for the length of flame. 6) Fluctuations in the wave form of voltage become greater with the increase of argon flow and magnetic flux density, but tends to decrease as arc current increases, having the frequency range of 3-8KHz. The wave form of noise changes almost in parallel with that of voltage and its changing value increases with argon flow, arc current and magnetic flux density, having the freuqency range of 6-8KHz. The fluctuation of jet presurre is reduced with the increase of argon flow and magnetic flux density and grows with arc current.rent.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1031-1038
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• 1994

Characteristics of pulsatile flow and heat transfer have been studied numerically in the constant heat flux curved tube with periodic pressure gradient. As the Womersley number increases, the phase difference between the pressure gradient and the cross section averaged axial velocity becomes larger. In case of the Womersley number $\beta = 2$, when cross section averaged axial velocity reaches periodic state with time, the reverse and the natural flow coexist at phase angle, $\lambda = 1.44\pi$ and $\lambda =1.96\pi$. For all the Womersley numbers of present investigation, the time variation of wall temperature near inner wall is higher than that of near outer wall, independent of phase angle.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.1
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• pp.107-110
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• 2003

We have proposed a model to describe the current-voltage characteristics of fabricated devices using the Biot-Savart's law in order to develop superconducting flux flow transistors, The measured and calculated values, including induced voltage, transresistance and current gain were investigated in relation to the parallel flow of the vortices in a single microbridge. The predictions agreed very well with measured results.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1997년도 추계학술발표회논문집(1)
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• pp.546-551
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• 1997

This paper presents a prediction of critical heat flux (CHF) in bubbly flow regime using dry-spot model proposed recently by authors for pool and flow boiling CHF and existing correlations for forced convective heat transfer coefficient, active site density and bubble departure diameter in nucleate boiling region. Without any empirical constants always present in earlier models, comparisons of the model predictions with experimental data for upward flow of water in vertical, uniformly-heated round tubes are performed and show a good agreement. The parametric trends of CHF have been explored with respect to variations in pressure, tube diameter and length, mass flux and inlet subcooling.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 추계학술발표회논문집(1)
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• pp.224-229
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• 1996

An experimental study on critical heat flux (CHF) and two-phase flow visualization has been performed for water flow in internally-heated, vertical, concentric annuli under near atmospheric pressure. Tests have been done under stable forced- circulation, upward and downward flow conditions with three test sections of relatively large gap widths (heated length = 0.6 m. inner diameter = 19 mm, outer diameter = 29, 35 and 51 mm). The outer wall of the test section was made up of the transparent Pyrex tube to allow the observation of flow patterns near the CHF occurrence. The CHF mechanism was changed in the order of flooding, chum-to-annular flow transition, and local dryout under a large bubble in churn flow as the flow rate was increased from zero to higher values. Observed parametric trends are consistent with the previous understanding except that the CHF for downward flow is considerably lower than that for upward flow.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.546-553
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• 2022

Narrow rectangular channels are employed in nuclear research reactors that use plate-type nuclear fuels, high heat-flux compact heat exchangers, and high-performance micro-electronics cooling systems. Two-phase flow in narrow rectangular channels is important, and it needs to be better understood because it is considerably different than that in round tubes. In this study, mechanistic models were developed for the flow regime transition criteria for various flow regimes in co-current air-water two-phase flow for vertical downward flow inside a narrow rectangular channel. The newly developed criteria were compared to a flow regime map of downward air-water two-phase flow inside a narrow rectangular channel with a 2.35-mm gap width under ambient temperature and pressure conditions. Overall, the proposed model showed good agreement with the experimental data.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.61-64
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• 2008

The present study of these experiments are close examination of spray characteristics that are continuous liquid jet and modulated pressure pulse liquid jet. The experiments were conducted using water, over a range of cross-flow velocities from 42${\sim}$136 m/s, with injection frequencies of 35.7${\sim}$166.2 Hz. Between continuous cross-flow jet and pressure pulsed cross-flow jet for characteristics of penetration, breakup point, spray angle and macro spray shape are investigated experimentally. In cross-flow field, main parameter of liquid jet for breakup was cross-flow stream rather than pressure pulse frequency. As oscillation of the periodic pressure that could make liquid jet moved up and down, the mixing efficiency was increased. Also, a bulk of liquid jet puff was detected at upper field of liquid surface. So, this phenomenon has a good advantage of mixing spray from concentration of center area to outer area. Because of pressure pulsation frequency, an inclination of SMD for the structured layer was evanescent. Cross-sectional characteristics of SMD at downstream area were non-structured distributions. Then cross-sectional characteristics of SMD size were about same tendency over a range that is effect of spray mixing. The tendency of volume flux value for various frequency of pressure pulse was same distribution. And volume flux was decreased when the frequency of pressure pulse increase.

• 천문학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2000

We have investigated one dimensional steady flow model of a typical magnetic flux tube in the solar transition region constrained to observed Differential Emission Measure (DEM) for the average quiet-Sun deduced by Raymond & Doyle (1981) with a flux tube geometry conforming to Doppler shifts of UV lines measured by Chae, Yun & Poland (1998). Because local heating and filling factor in the transition region are not well known, we considered two extreme cases, one characterized by the filling factor= 1 ('filled-up model') and the other set by local heating=0 ('not-heated model'). We examined how much the heating is required for the flux tube by recomputing a model through adjustment of the filling factor in such a way that 'not-heated model' accounts for the observed DEM.