• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.81-84
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• 2005

We suggest flux quantum-based mechanism for force realization in the sub-pico-Newton range. By controlling the number of flux quantum in a superconducting ring, a force can be created as an integer multiple of a constant force step. For a 50 nm-thick Nb ring with the inner and outer radii of $5{\mu}m\;and\;10{\mu}m$, respectively, the force step is estimated to be 165 fN, assuming the magnetic field gradient of 10 T/m. We also estimated a maximum force limit to be $1\sim2$ pN.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.68-73
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• 2006

The present paper deals with an experimental study of boiling heat transfer characteristics of R-290, and is focused on pressure gradient and heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant flow inside horizontal smooth minichannel with inner diameter of 3.0 mm and length of 2000 mm. The direct heating method applied for supplying heat to the refrigerant where the test tube was uniformly heated by electric current which was applied to the tube wall. The experiments were conducted with R-290 with purity of 99.99% at saturation temperature of 0 to $10^{\circ}C$. The range of mass flux is $50{\sim}250kg/m^2s$ and heat flux is $5{\sim}20kW/m^2$. The heat transfer coefficients of R-290 increases with increasing mass flux and saturation temperature, wherein the effect of mass flux is higher than that of the saturation temperature, whereas the heat flux has a low effect on increasing heat transfer coefficient. The significant effect of mass flux on heat transfer coefficient is shown at high quality, the effect of heat flux on heat transfer coefficient at low quality shows a domination of nucleate boiling contribution. The heat transfer coefficient of the experimental result was compared with six existing heat transfer coefficient correlation. Zang et al.'s correlation(2004) gave the best prediction of heat transfer coefficient.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2008

The effect of the radial temperature gradient and the presence of slits in the wall of outer of two cylinders involved in creating a Taylor-Couette flow was investigated by measuring the velocity field inside the gap. The slits were azimuthally located along the inner wall of the outer cylinder and the number of slits used in this study was 18. The radius ratio and aspect ratio of the models were 0.825 and 48, respectively. The heating film wrapped around the inner cylinder was used for generating the constant heat flux and we ensured the constant temperature condition at the outer space of the outer cylinder. The velocity fields were measured by using the PIV(particle image velocimetry) method. The refractive index matching method was applied to remove image distortion. The results were compared with plain wall configuration of Taylor-Couette flow. From the results, the presence of slits in the wall of outer cylinder and temperature gradient increased the flow instability.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.793-799
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 웨어러블 Fabric(Nylon) + MWCNT 가스센서 내부에서 열확산을 해석하기 위해서 요소해석 프로그램(comsol)을 이용하여 센서 내부에서의 열용량의 확산 과정과 열용량 분포 경도를 확인하였다. 열용량의 확산과정을 해석하기 위해서 가스센서의 구조체에 대하여 이차원으로 모델링을 진행하였으며, 제시된 모델링에 대해서 센서 구성 부분에 대한 특성값을 제시하여 메시 요소법(FEM)을 이용하여 설계된 웨어러블 가스센서에 대해서 열용량이 확산되는 정도와 열용량 경도를 구하기 위해서 지배방정식으로 1계 편미분방정식을 제안하여 해석하였으며, 열속도 전달식을 제안하여 전극층과 가스 검출부의 10[K/mm] 온도 경도를 구하였다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2001

The biological pump is one of the important pumping mechanisms absorbing CO$_2$ from the atmosphere into the ocean and can be quantified by estimating new production. New production in the open ocean mostly depends on the supply of nitrate from the water below the mixed layer. While nitrate is affected by many biological processes, the helium isotope ($^3$He) is inert and has very simple physical properties. Using the $^3$He flux and the relation between $^3$He and NO${_3}\;{^-}$- within the thermocline, the nitrate flux supporting new production was estimated in the southern East Sea. The average ${\delta}^3$He within the mixed layer was -14$%_o$ and -l5.4$%_o$ in the winter and autumn, respectively. Through the year excess $^3$He occurs in the mixed layer except for a slight depletion of -17$%_o$ in summer. The $^3$He flux of 13$%_o$md$^{-1}$ associated with the concentration gradient at the air-sea interface was calculated from the product of the piston velocity and the excess $^3$He. Tritium decay within the mixed layer could support only 2$%_o$md$^{-1}$ of the flux. Thus, the remaining 11$%_o$md^{-1}$ could be attributed to the flux of tritiugenic $^3$He from the water below the mixed layer. Nitrate and $^3$He were positively correlated within the thermocline layer with the slope of 0.21 ${\mu}$mol kg$^{-1}$ $%_o\;^{-1}$. The annual nitrate flux estimated from the upward flux of $^3$He and the NO$_{3}\;{^-}$-$^3$He relation was 0.8${\pm}$0.2 mol(N) m$^{-2}$yr$^{-1}$. This flux corresponds to an annual new production of 64 g(C) m$^{-2}$yr$^{-1}$, which is consistent with that in the north-west Pacific.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1999년도 PROCEEDINGS OF 99 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE KACG AND 6TH KOREA·JAPAN EMG SYMPOSIUM (ELECTRONIC MATERIALS GROWTH SYMPOSIUM), HANYANG UNIVERSITY, SEOUL, 06월 09일 JUNE 1999
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• pp.187-207
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• 1999

The thermal distributions near the growth interface of 150mm CZ crystals were measured by three thermocouples installed at the center, middle (half radius) and edge (10m from surface) of the crystals. The results show that larger growth rates produced smaller thermal gradients. This contradicts the widely used heat flux balance equation. Using this fact, it si confirmed in CZ crystals that the type of point defects created is determined by the value of the thermal gradient (G) near the interface during growth, as already reported for FZ crystals. Although depending on the growth systems the effective lengths of the thermal gradient for defect generation are varied, were defined the effective length as 10mm from the interface in this experiment. If the G is roughly smaller than 20C/cm, vacancy rich CZ crystals are produced. If G is larger than 25C/cm, the species of point defects changes dramatically from vacancies to interstitial. The experimental results which FZ and CZ crystals are detached from the melt show that growth interfaces are filled with vacancy. We propose that large G produces shrunk lattice spacing and in order to relax such lattice excess interstitial are necessary. Such interstitial recombine with vacancies which were generated at the growth interface, next occupy interstitial sites and residuals aggregate themselves to make stacking faults and dislocation loops during cooling. The shape of the growth interface is also determined by the distributions of G across the interface. That is, the small G and the large G in the center induce concave and convex interfaces to the melt, respectively.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 사각형 개수로에서 수차 흘수 변화에 따른 회전 효율 파악을 위한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 수차를 이용한 개수로 초소수력발전에서 수차의 최고 효율을 얻는 것은 매우 중요하나 개수로의 흐름에서 자유 수표면의 존재와 수로벽에 존재하는 마찰로 인하여 불균일한 유속 분포를 갖기 때문에 복잡한 요소로 인하여 이를 수학적으로 계산해 내지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 실제와 비슷한 사각형 개수로 모형을 만들어 물리적 시뮬레이션을 수행하되 모형 환경에 자동 제어 장치를 부착하고 컴퓨터 프로그램을 통하여 2단계 유량 변화, 3단계 기울기 변화를 줄 수 있을 뿐 아니라 수로로 흐르는 물의 깊이를 잴 수 있게 하고, 물 깊이를 통한 10단계 흘수 변화에서 각 단계마다 30회씩 4회 시뮬레이션을 수행하고, 자료를 수집하고 분석하여 유량과 수로의 기울기, 흘수 변화에 따른 수차 회전 효율 특성의 다양한 경향을 확인하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 1990

YBa2Cu3O7-x(=YBCO) single crystals were grown by flux method and the growing process of crystals was investigated. YBCO and 3BaO-7CuO composition powders were mixed by the ratio of 25 : 75(wt%), and the mixtures were melted at 105$0^{\circ}C$ in a electric furnace with no temperature-gradient. Then the melt was cooled at a rate 2-1$0^{\circ}C$/h in the above furnace. YBCO single crystal plate with average size of $1.5\times$2.0$\times$0.1㎣ were obtained in the cavities between crucible and solidified ingot, and the single crystals were oriented to <001> direction. The ingots of flux parts were analyzed by XRD and EDS for the purpose of presuming the growing process of the crystals. It was assumed that the divorced eutectic reaction, by which YBCO crystals were grown first and then BaCuO2 and CuO crystals, occured in the case of cooling rate faster than 2$^{\circ}C$/h. When the cooling rate was 2$^{\circ}C$/h, it was assumed that quasi-equilibrium eutectic reaction occured, so that YBCO, BaCuO2 and CuO crystals were grown at the same time.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.654-659
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• 2008

This paper is to suggest a concept design of the permanent magnet type magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device based on the parameter optimization method. Pulse currents in the gradient coils will introduce the effect of eddy currents in the ferromagnetic material, which will worsen the quality of imaging. In order to equalize the magnetic flux in the MRI device for good imaging, the eddy current effect in the ferromagnetic material must be taken into account. This study attempts to use the design of experiment (DOE) and the response surface method (RSM) for equalizing the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet type MRI device using that the magnetic flux can be calculated directly using a commercial finite element analysis package. As a result, optimal shapes of the pole and the yoke of the PM type MRI device can be obtained. The commercial package, ANSYS, is used for analyzing the magnetic field problem and obtaining the resultant magnetic flux.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2018

Perovskite type ceramic membranes which exhibit dual ion conduction (proton and oxygen ion conduction) can permeate water and can aid solving operational problems such as temperature gradient and carbon deposition associated with a working solid oxide fuel cell. From this point of view, it is crucial to reveal water transport mechanism and especially the nature of the surface sites that is necessary for water incorporation and evolution. $BaCe_{0.8}Y_{0.2}O_{3-{\alpha}}$ (BCY20) was used as a model proton and oxygen ion conducting membrane in this work. Four different catalytically modified membrane configurations were used for the investigations and water flux was measured as a function of temperature. In addition, CO was introduced to the permeate side in order to test the stability of membrane against water and $CO/CO_2$ and post operation analysis of used membranes were carried out. The results revealed that water incorporation occurs on any exposed electrolyte surface. However, the magnitude of water permeation changes depending on which membrane surface is catalytically modified. The platinum increases the water flux on the feed side whilst it decreases the flux on the permeate side. Water flux measurements suggest that platinum can block water permeation on the permeate side by reducing the access to the lattice oxygen in the surface layer.