• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.183-191
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• 1993

Diffusion coating(metalliding) of aluminium on steel from molten fluorides(29.2wt.% LiF-11.7wt.% NaF-59.1wt.% KF, FLINAK) was studied. The electrolytic cell consists of a steel cathode and a consumable aluminium anode. Effects of manganese on the aluminium deposition were also investigated. The quality of the deposit was analyzed by SEM, OM, EPMA, EDXA, and also examined by means of Micro-Vickers hardness and corrosion tests. Deposit layer was identified as an aluminium-rich iron alloy caused by diffusion process. The optimum condition for the metalliding was found to be the current density, 50 to $150mA/\textrm{cm}^2$, the bath tem-perature, $57.5^{\circ}C$, and the amount of AlF3, 10wt.%. Addition of manganese fluoride (up to 5wt.%) as a co-de-posit element improved significantly the quality of the deposit layer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1117-1118
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• 2004

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.760-766
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• 1998

Fluorination of alkenyllithium reagents can be accomplished in acceptable yield under conditions which give rise to low competitive alkene formation. These reactions are abetted by the use of the low temperature soluble, mild fluorinating agent N-fluoro-N-tert-butylbenzenesulfonamide; "simpler" fluorinating reagents such as F2, XeF2 or FClO3 failed to give acceptable amounts of the fluoroolefin with these alkenyllithiums.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.615-619
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• 2019

Various fluorides, i.e., CaF₂, Na₃AlF₆, K₂SiF₆, MnF₃, MgF₂, were added to the flux cored wire, and their effects on the oxygen content of the weld metal were investigated. The investigation showed that the oxygen content of weld metal was not influenced by the type of metallic elements in the fluoride; rather, it was influenced by the stability of the arc during welding. While the wire containing MgF₂ showed the most stable arc and the least amount of oxygen in the weld metal, the wire containing MnF₃ showed the least stable arc and the greatest amount of oxygen. Since the deoxidation of the weld metal was not affected by the deoxidation elements, such as Ca and Mg, it was possible to predict the oxygen content of the weld metal by the equilibrium Si-Mn deoxidation thermodynamic model.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2017

Nucleophilic aromatic fluorination has been one of the most explored methods in fluorin-18 based radiochemistry. Unlike electrophilic $[^{18}F]$fluorination methods, no-carrier-added nucleophilic radiofluorination with cyclotron-produced $[^{18}F]$fluoride ion offers better specific radioactivity which is essential aspect to obtain good quality images from positron emission tomography. Contrary to amenable aliphatic radiofluorination, the development of reliable aromatic $[^{18}F]$fluorination methods has been pursued by many research groups; however, no viable method has yet been established. Recently, hypervalent iodine compound draws increasing attention as versatile radiolabeling precursor for various $[^{18}F]$fluoroarenes, since it bears the capacity to introduce fluorine-18 either on electron-deficient or electron-rich aryl ring with enhanced regiospecificity. Other classes of hypervalent iodine congeners often utilized in radiochemistry are iodylarenes, iodonium ylides, and spirocyclic iodonium ylides. Recently developed spirocyclic iodonium ylides have already been avidly employed to provide various $[^{18}F]$aryl fluorides with high labeling efficiency. This metal-free protocol would afford efficient routes, replacing the traditional approaches to $[^{18}F]$fluoroarenes, from prosthetic labeling synthons to complex PET radiotracers.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 1988

In order to investigate the material formed by application of fluoride on human dentin, exposed dentin of tooth cervix and sound dentin powder was treated by several fluoride solutions. The former was observed by scanning electron microscope and the latter was analysed by x-ray diffractometer and infrared spectrophotometer. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Application with NaF, $SnF_2$ and $Na_2PO_3F$ on exposed dentin of tooth cervix formed mineralized materials covered. 2. The amount of mineralized materials increased with time intervals of applying the fluorides. 3. The density of mineralized materials was highest in $Na_2PO_3F$ treatment group, and NaF treatment group was higher than $SnF_2$ treatment group. 4. $SnF_2$ remained in covering of mineralized materials. 5. Application with NaF and $Na_2PO_3F$ formed mineralized materials characterized apatitic crystals. 6. The crystallinity of mineralized materials was higher prominently in $Na_2PO_3F$ treatment group.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2018

The potential of zinc fluorides with different molar ratios of Zn/F was applied as a solid catalyst in the simultaneous reaction of transesterification and esterification of crude palm oil (CPO) for biodiesel production. These materials were prepared by the fluorolytic sol-gel technique with different fluorine contents. The resulting samples were investigated using elemental analysis, XRD, FT-IR, TG/DTG, $N_2$ physisorption measurements and SEM. The results exhibited that the presence of fluorine strongly affected the catalytic activity in the biodiesel production. The catalysts with smaller fluorine contents (${\leq}1$) showed the best performance in all of the observed samples, yields from 92.94 to 89.95, 87.38 and 85.21% with increasing fluorine contents, respectively. The yield toward the formation of biodiesel depended on the phase and particle sizes of catalysts, but it was not influenced by surface area, pore size, and volume of the samples. The recovered catalyst showed a gradual decrease in activity over three cycles of same reactions.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.43 no.1 s.284
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• pp.48-54
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• 2006

Hydroxyapatite $(HAp,\;Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2)$/alumina composites were fabricated with the addition of fluorides, such as $MgF_2$ and $CaF_2$. In this study, the effect of fluorides on the inhibition of phase decomposition and the mechanical properties of HAp was investigated. Due to the higher solubility of F ion in HAp structure, $MgF_2$ additive was more effective compared to $CaF_2$ additive in the lowering decomposition temperature of HAp. Therefore, the dissociation tendency of HAp was fully inhibited below $1400^{\circ}C$. The mechanical properties of HAp composites with $MgF_2$ additive showed higher value (flexural strength: $\~170MPa$, Vickers hardness: $\~7\;GPa$, fracture toughness: $\~1.5\;MPam^{1/2}$) compared to $MgF_2-free$ composites. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of HAp composites with $MgF_2$ showed the value of $16.4\times10^{-6}/^{\circ}C\;at\;20\~400^{\circ}C $.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 2020

This work presents the results of laboratory scale tests of the CARBOFLUOREX (CARBOnate FLUORide EXtraction) process - a novel technology for the recovery of U and Pu from the solid fluorides residue (fluorination ash) of Fluoride Volatility Method (FVM) reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). To study the oxidative leaching of U from the fluorination ash (FA) by Na₂CO₃ or Na₂CO₃-H₂O₂ solutions followed by solvent extraction by methyltrioctylammonium carbonate in toluene and purification of U from the fission products (FPs) impurities we used a surrogate of FA consisting of UF₄ or UO₂F₂, and FPs fluorides with stable isotopes of Ce, Zr, Sr, Ba, Cs, Fe, Cr, Ni, La, Nd, Pr, Sm. Purification factors of U from impurities at the solvent extraction refining stage reached the values of 10⁴-10⁵, and up to 10⁶ upon the completion of the processing cycle. Obtained results showed a high efficiency of the CARBOFLUOREX process for recovery and separating of U from FPs contained in FA, which allows completing of the FVM cycle with recovery of U and Pu from hardly processed FA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2001.02a
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• pp.211-212
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• 2001