• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2022

이 연구는 국내에서 불소치약의 농도에 따른 불소함유 수복재의 불소 재방출량의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 글라스아이오노머(Fuji IX GP EXTRA), 레진강화형 글라스아이오노머(Fuji II LC), alkasite 수복재(Cention N), 복합레진(Filtek^TM Z350XT)의 시편이 제작되었고, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28일에 불소 방출량이 측정되었다. 그 후, 각 수복재에 무불소, 500 ppm, 1450 ppm의 불소치약을 적용하여 불소 재방출량을 1, 3, 7일에 측정하였다. 글라스아이오노머가 측정 7일차 까지는 가장 높은 누적 불소 방출량을 보였고, 14일차부터는 레진강화형 글라스아이오노머가 가장 높은 누적 불소 방출량을 보였으나, 두 수복재의 누적 불소 방출량의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 500 ppm의 불소치약으로 불소 재충전 시에는 alkasite 수복재만 불소 재방출량의 차이가 유의하였고(p < 0.017), 1450 ppm의 불소치약으로 불소 재충전 시에는 모든 수복재 군이 무불소치약군에 비하여 불소 재방출량이 유의하게 높았다(p < 0.017).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare the microhardness and the fluoride content of enamel and dentin around fluoride- or non fluoride-containing restorations. Forty extracted human teeth were used and prepared cervical cavities on proximal surface. Experimental teeth were divided into five groups . Group 1 : Prime & Bond NT and Z100, Group 2 Prime & Bond NT and F2000, Group 3 : Scotchbond Multi-purpose and Z100, Group 4 : Scothcbond Multi-purpose and F2000, Group 5 : Fuji II LC. The cavities were filled with dentin adhesives and restorative materials. After each tooth was bisected, one half was tested microharaness and the other half was analyzed the fluoride at the enamel and dentin by an EPMA-WDX device. The results were as follows; 1. There was no statistical difference among the microhardness of enamel surface in all group. 2. The microhardness at dentin of $100{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point in Group 2 and $20{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point in Grocup 4 was lower than that of normal dentin (p>0.05). 3. There was no statistical difference among the fluoride content of enamel surface in all group. 4. The fluoride content at the dentin of $30{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point in Group 2 and 5 were higher than those at $100{\;}\mu\textrm{m}{\;}and{\;}200{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point in Group 2 and normal dentin (p<0.05). 5. At the dentin of $30{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point, Group 2 showed higher fluoride content than Group 1 and 3, and Group 5 showed higher fluoride content than other groups.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to determine the fluroide release levels of new fluoride-containing liner/base cements and the fluoride uptake by dentin surfaces. Ten specimens of each brand (Fuji ionomer Type III, Fuji Lining LC, Timeline, Vitrebond and XR ionomer) were made, polymerized and placed in fluoride-free distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$, 100% relative humidity for 24 hours. The extracting solution of specimen was exchanged and fluoride release was measured daily for the 30 days. For fluoride uptake study, twenty-five extracted human lower molars were sectioned longitudinally in the mesiodistal direction with a diamond disc. Five teeth were filled with each material and then stored at $37^{\circ}C$, 100% humidity for 4 weeks. Fluoride uptake by dentin from the test materials was evaluated using electron probe micro X-ray analyzer. The following results were obtained : 1. The amounts of fluoride release showed no significant difference between Fuji ionomer Type III and Fuji Lining LC, but showed significant difference between other groups. XR ionomer released significantly greater fluoride than any other group(P<.001). 2. All the materials have a burst effect which more fluoride released in then first 3 day and showed significant decrease over the test period (P<0.001). 3. XR ionomer group showed fluoride penetration to approximately $50{\mu}m$ deep in dentin. But other material groups showed very little fluoride uptake by dentin.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.818-826
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• 1995

The present study was undertaken to investigate the crystal growth onto enamel mineral and synthetic hydroxyapatite seeds in media resembling the enamel fluid composition. Effects of fluoride at low concentrations on the precipitation were also examined in a benchtop crystal growth model adopting a miniaturized reaction column. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), as well as chemical analyses, were employed for characterization of both seed materials before and after experimentation. Remarkable findings were that (1) both biological and synthetic seeds at the same total surface areas yielded rather similar precipitation rates at all levels of fluoride concentration in solution and (2) the precipitation rate was accelerated in a manner depending on fluoride concentrations in media. FTIR differential analysis disclosed that the precipitating phase was characterized as poorly crystallized apatite, which incorporated subtle carbonate. Most of the fluoride ions in soution were readily incorporated into crystals. The overall results support the view that the seeded crystal growth model is of value to gain insight into the mechanism of enamel crystal growth under fluoride regimens.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 알카자이트 수복재와 자이오머에서 방출되는 불소가 상아질 접착층을 투과하는 유리되는 양을 측정하고 비교하는 것이었다. 알카자이트 수복재와 자이오머 및 불소 미함유 복합레진의 시편을 각 재료 당 20개씩 제작하여 그 중 10개의 시편에 상아질 접착제를 도포하였다. 만들어진 시편을 2.0 mL의 탈이온수가 들어있는 폴리에틸렌튜브에 넣고 37.0℃ 항온수조에 연구 기간동안 보관하였다. 보관 후 1일, 3일, 7일, 14일, 21일, 28일째에 불소 유리량을 측정하였으며 매 측정 후 탈이온수를 교체하였다. 상아질 접착제층 두께의 적절성은 시편을 추가로 제작하여 전계방사형 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하여 평가하였다. 알카자이트 수복재와 자이오머에 상아질 접착제를 도포한 경우 접착제가 불소의 유리를 완전히 차단하지는 않았지만, 유리된 불소의 양이 현저히 감소하였다. 28일간 측정한 알카자이트 수복재의 불소 유리량은 상아질 접착제의 유무와 관계없이 자이오머보다 크게 나타났다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2020

이 연구는 두 종류의 글라스 아이오노머와 'alkasite' 계열 수복재의 불소 유리 및 재충전 양상을 비교, 평가하기 위해 시행되었다. 글라스 아이오노머 Fuji IX GP와 Riva Self Cure, 'alkasite' 수복재인 Cention N, 복합레진 Filtek™ Z350XT의 시편을 직경 10.0 mm, 높이 2.0 mm의 원반 형태로 제작하였다. 총 28일간 불소 유리량을 측정한 이후, 각 재료별로 시편을 두 군으로 분류하였다. 실험군에는 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride(APF) gel을 1분간 도포하고, 이후 7일간의 불소 유리량 측정을 통해 대조군과 비교하여 각 재료의 불소 재충전 여부를 평가하였다. 불소 유리량은 Riva Self Cure, Fuji IX GP, Cention N의 순으로 높게 나타났다(p < 0.05). Cention N의 불소 유리량은 Fuji IX GP의 약 49% 수준으로 측정되었다. 또한, Riva Self Cure, Fuji IX GP, Cention N에서 1.23% APF gel의 도포 후 불소 유리량의 증가가 관찰되어(p < 0.05), 글라스 아이오노머뿐 아니라 Cention N에서도 불소의 재충전 양상이 확인되었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.330-336
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• 1999

In biological systems, the mineral that forms hard tissue is of an apatitic nature, and hydroxyapatite($Ca_5OH(PO_4)_3$: HA) is generally considered as the prototype for such a mineral. Thus, the precipitation of HA, having biological implications, has been the subject of several investigations. Crystal growth studies using HA seeds in supersaturated solutions have enhanced our understanding of the process and mechanism involved in seeded crystal growth. From these studies, it has become apparent that the precipitation rate of HA onto the seed crystals depends on the various conditions, especially on the additives. The relation between the supersaturated solution containing fluoride and the process of HA crystal growth enhances the understanding of mechanism of HA crystal growth. Until recently, the studies have been on the crystal growth of enamel minerals and synthetic HA seeds in the supersaturated solution containing 1~2 ppm fluoride. The purpose of the present investigation is to study the effect that fluoride of high concentration has on the crystal growth kinetics of HA. In order to produce the composition found in the secretory enamel fluid, experimental solutions of 1mM Ca, 3mM P, and 100mM Tris as background electrolyte were used. Then this experimental solutions were added to 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ppm fluoride. The effect of fluoride at high concentrations on the precipitation was examined in a bench-top crystal growth model adopting a miniaturized reaction column. Chemical analysis was employed for characterization of working solutions before and after the experimentation. Remarkable findings were : 1) the amount of crystal growth was gradually accelerated as the fluoride concentration increased until 6 ppm, but decreased in 8 and 10 ppm fluoride; 2) the amount of fluoride ion consumed in crystal formation was constant despite the increase in fluoride concentration.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2001

Dental caries is the most common oral disease. There are many factors contributing to its development, but complete understanding and prevention are not fully known. However, it is possible to remineralize the early enamel curious lesion by fluoride containing remineralization solution. Recently the pH-cycling model has been used to examine the effect of fluoride solution on remineralization of artificial caries in vitro as it can closely simulate the conditions encountered in vivo within a carefully controlled environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralizing effects of supersaturated buffer solutions under pH-cycling model. The specimen with 3mm-diameter was made using mature bovine incisors which has no caries and has sound enamel surface. Early curious lesions were produced by suspending each specimens into demineralization solution at pH 5.0 for 33 hours and the specimen whose surface hardness value ranged from 25 to 45 VHN were used. The pH cycling treatment regimen consisted of 5 min soaks of three treatment solutions four times per days for 15 days and the continuous cycling of demineralization and remineralization were carried out for 15 days. Following the pH-cycling treatment regimen, the specimens' surface microhardness were measured by the Vickers hardness test (VHN) and analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple-range test. 1. The surface microhardness value of supersaturated solution, Senstime, and Gagline groups were increased after pH cycling, and that of supersaturated solution was significantly Increased compared to saline group(P<0.05). 2. The surface remineralization effect of fluoride containing solutions was accelerated by saliva under pH-cycling mode 3. The pH cycling model was considered appropriate to mimic the intra-oral pH changes when evaluating demineralization and remineralization in vitro. Under the results of above study, salivary remineralization effect can be improved by fluoride containing remineralization solution. The pH-cycling model was considered appropriate to mimic the intra-oral pH changes when evaluating demineralization and remineralization in vitro.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.20.1-20.14
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• 2020

Objectives: To minimize the tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching, many dentists use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and topical desensitizing gels containing potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of these substances on inflammation and the expression of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in pulp nerve fibers. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: GI, control; GII, only dental bleaching; GIII, only ibuprofen; GIV, ibuprofen administered 30 minutes before and after the bleaching treatment and every 12 hours until the analysis; GV, only topical application of a desensitizing agent; and GVI, topical application of a desensitizing agent before dental bleaching. Placebo gel was applied to the upper left jaw and the bleaching agent was applied to the upper right jaw in all groups. Subsequently, the groups were divided into 3 subgroups based on the time of analysis: 0, 24, and 48 hours after bleaching (n = 8). The rats were euthanized and the maxillae were processed and evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn test (p < 0.05). Results: In the bleaching groups, the inflammatory process and expression of neuropeptides decreased over time. The animals in which a desensitizing agent was applied showed better results within 24 hours. Conclusions: The use of a desensitizing agent had positive effects on inflammation and pain-related neuropeptide expression, minimizing the painful effects of dental bleaching treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stannous fluoride on the dentin bonding with three kinds of commercially available dentin bonding systems containing different adhesive monomers. Dentin specimens with exposed labial dentin prepared from freshly extracted bovine mandibular anterior teeth were divided into experimental and control groups. The specimens of experimental groups were bonded with dentin bonding systems and composite resins including All bond 2 ㅡ& Bisfil, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose & Z100, and Denthesive II Charisma after 2 % stannous& fluorided application for S minutes and washing for 1 minute. The specimens of control groups were bonded with the same dentin bonding systems and composite resins as used in the experimental groups. After bonded specimens were stored in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 24 hours, the tensile bond strength and cohesive failure rate were measured, and then the pretreated dentin surfaces and the fractured dentin surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows : Mean bond strength of stannous fluoride applied groups of All bond 2, Scotchbond MP, and Denthesive II were 2.5MPa, 1.1MPa, and 1.1MPa respectively, and those of control groups were 7.5MPa, 8.1MPa, and 4.6MPa. Bond strength values of stannous fluoride applied groups were significantly lower than those of the control groups(p<0.05). SEM findings of dentin surfaces after stannous fluoride application demonstrated an appearance of partially remained smear layer and smear plugs inspite of pretreatment with 10 % phosphoric aicd or maleic acid solution, and an appearance of smear layer covered surface under Denthesive II priming. But those of control groups commonly showed clean dentin surfaces without smear layer and smear plugs. On SEM observation of the fractured dentin-resin interface, while most of the specimens of stannous fluoride applied groups showed adhesive failure mode, those of All bond 2 and Scotchbond MP control groups showed mainly adhesive-cohesive mixed failure mode, and mainly adhesive failure mode in Denthesive II control group.