• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute an important class of drug targets and are involved in every aspect of human physiology including sleep regulation, blood pressure, mood, food intake, perception of pain, control of cancer growth, and immune response. Radiometric assays have been the classic method used during the search for potential therapeutics acting at various GPCRs for most GPCR-based drug discovery research programs. An increasing number of diverse small molecules, together with novel GPCR targets identified from genomics efforts, necessitates the use of high-throughput assays with a good sensitivity and specificity. Currently, a wide array of high-throughput tools for research on GPCRs is available and can be used to study receptor-ligand interaction, receptor driven functional response, receptor-receptor interaction,and receptor internalization. Many of the assay technologies are based on luminescence or fluorescence and can be easily applied in cell based models to reduce gaps between in vitro and in vivo studies for drug discovery processes. Especially, cell based models for GPCR can be efficiently employed to deconvolute the integrated information concerning the ligand-receptor-function axis obtained from label-free detection technology. This review covers various platform technologies used for the research of GPCRs, concentrating on the principal, non-radiometric homogeneous assay technologies. As current technology is rapidly advancing, the combination of probe chemistry, optical instruments, and GPCR biology will provide us with many new technologies to apply in the future.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
• /
• pp.2424-2426
• /
• 2005

In whole world consciousness of environment maintenance have increased very quickly for he end of the 20th century. To use and disuse toxic substances have been controled at the field of industry. Also the field of lighting source belong to environmental control. And in the future the control will be strong. In radiational mechanism of fluorescence lamp mercury is the worst environmental problem. In radiational mechanism of fluorescence lamp mercury is the worst environmental problem root. In the mercury free lighting source system the Xe gas lamp is one type. And the Ne:Xe and Ne:Ar mixing gas lamp improvements firing voltage of Xe gas lamp. Purpose and subject of this study are understand, efficiency, ideal of Ne:Xe and Ne:Ar plasma which mercury free lamp. Before ICP was designed, basic parameters of plasma, which are electron temperature and electron density, were measured and calculated by langmuir probe data. Property of electron temperature and electron density were confirmed by changing ratio of Ne:Xe and Ne:Ar.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.118-126
• /
• 2001

Micelle formation and adsorption at the $Ti0_{2}$ interface of a series of polystyrene-polythylene oxide(PS-PEO) block copolymer in aqueous solution was studied using fluorescence probing and small-angle X-ray methods. Further, the stability of aqueous $Ti0_{2}$ dispersion in the presence of copolymer was investigated by microelectrophoresis, optical density and sedimentation measurements. The dissolution of pyrene as fluorescent probe in aqueous surfactant solution leads to a slow decrease of the $I_{1}/I_{3}$ ratio, as the copolymer concentration increase; $I_{1}$ and $I_{3}$ are respectively the intensities of the first and third vibrionic peaks in the pyrene fluorescence emission. The behaviour was due to the characteristics of the copolymers and/or to the copolymer association efficiency in water. Moreover, the adsorption at the plateau level increases with decreasing PEO until chain length. The zeta potential of $TiO_{2}$ particles decreases with increasing copolymer concentration and reaches a plateau value. Finally, stabilization using block copolymers was more effective with samples having higher weight fractions of PS block.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.252-259
• /
• 2011

Conventional staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) karyotypes of the non-genetically modified (GM) parental rice line, 'Nakdong' (Oryza sativa L. japonica), and its four GM rice lines, LS28 (event LS30-32-20-1), Cry1Ac1 (event C7-1-9-1), and LS28 ${\times}$ Cry1Ac1 (events L/C1-1-3-1 and L/C1-3-1-1) were analyzed using 5S and 45S rDNAs as probes. Both parental and transgenic lines were diploids (2n=24) with one satellite chromosome pair. The lengths of the prometaphase chromosomes ranged from 1.50 to $6.30{\mu}m$. Four submetacentric and eight metacentric pairs comprised the karyotype of 'Nakdong' and its four GM lines. One pair of 5S rDNA signals was detected near the centromeric region of chromosome g in both the parental and transgenic lines. The 45S rDNA signals were detected on the secondary constrictions of the satellite chromosome pair in both the parental and transgenic lines. There was no significant difference in chromosome size, length, and composition between 'Nakdong' and its four GM lines. This research was conducted as a preliminary study for chromosomal detection of transgenes in GM rice lines and would be useful for their breeding programs.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.191-202
• /
• 2021

Purpose: A near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is a promising tool for cancer-specific image guided surgery. Human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the candidate markers for gastric cancer. In this study, we aimed to synthesize HER2-specific NIR fluorescence probes and evaluate their applicability in cancer-specific image-guided surgeries using an animal model. Materials and Methods: An NIR dye emitting light at 800 nm (IRDye800CW; Li-COR) was conjugated to trastuzumab and an HER2-specific affibody using a click mechanism. HER2 affinity was assessed using surface plasmon resonance. Gastric cancer cell lines (NCI-N87 and SNU-601) were subcutaneously implanted into female BALB/c nu (6-8 weeks old) mice. After intravenous injection of the probes, biodistribution and fluorescence signal intensity were measured using Lumina II (Perkin Elmer) and a laparoscopic NIR camera (InTheSmart). Results: Trastuzumab-IRDye800CW exhibited high affinity for HER2 (K_D=2.093(3) pM). Fluorescence signals in the liver and spleen were the highest at 24 hours post injection, while the signal in HER2-positive tumor cells increased until 72 hours, as assessed using the Lumina II system. The signal corresponding to the tumor was visually identified and clearly differentiated from the liver after 72 hours using a laparoscopic NIR camera. Affibody-IRDye800CW also exhibited high affinity for HER2 (K_D=4.71 nM); however, the signal was not identified in the tumor, probably owing to rapid renal clearance. Conclusions: Trastuzumab-IRDye800CW may be used as a potential NIR probe that can be injected 2-3 days before surgery to obtain high HER2-specific signal and contrast. Affibody-based NIR probes may require modifications to enhance mobilization to the tumor site.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.209-217
• /
• 1990

Barbiturates가 분자적 약리작용기전 탐구에 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 소의 신선한 대뇌피질 synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles로부터 분리제제한 phosphatidylethanolamine인공세포막(SPMVPE)의 유동성에 미치는 barbiturates의 영향을 형광 probe법으로 검색한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Pentobarbital, hexobarbital, amobarbital 및 phenobarbital이 기재한 순위로 SPMVPE내 Py-3-Py의 monomer 형광세기에 대한 excimer 형광세기의 비 (I'/I)를 감소시켰다. 2. Pentobarbital, hexobarbital, amobarbital 및 phenobarbital이 기재한 순위로 SPMVPE내 DPH의 polarization, anisotropy, limiting anisotropy, order parameter 및 rotational relaxation time을 증가시켰다. 3. 따라서 위에 제시한 barbiturates가 SPMVPE의 유동성을 유의성있게 감소시킨다는 것을 확인할 수가 있었다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 염색체 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9 및 21번 염색체의 DNA probe를 이용하여 2Gy의 방사선을 조사한 후 DNA 양을 감안한 기대치와 관찰치의 차이를 비교함으로서 각 염색체의 방사선에 대한 감수성을 평가하여 궁극적으로 방사선 피폭시 생물학적 선량계로서 FISH기법의 타당성을 평가하고자 하였다. 1번 및 4번 염색체의 경우 상호전좌와 이동원 염색체의 관찰치가 기대치보다 더 높게 나타났으며 이와 반대로 2, 7, 8 및 9번 염색체의 경우 상호전좌와 이동원염색체의 관찰치 모두 기대치보다 낮게 나타났다. 2번 및 4번 염색체의 경우 1번 염색체보다 더 많은 acentric fragment의 빈도를 나타내었다. 1, 2, 및 4번 염색체 3종을 조합했을 때 상호전좌의 경우 관찰치와 기대치는 세포 100개당 25.5 및 25.40으로 차이가 없었으며 이동원염색체의 경우 13.25 및 13.2로 역시 거의 차이가 없게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구결과 방사선 피폭시 발생하는 염색체이상 빈도는 염색체마다 DNA 양에 비례해 나타나지 않을 수 있어 각 염색체마다 방사선 감수성에 차이가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 방사선 피폭시 생물학적 선량계로서 1, 2 및 4번을 동시에 관찰 할 경우 염색체 FISH 법을 활용하기 위하여 적절한 염색체 조합이라고 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.243-251
• /
• 2000

In order to provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanism of pharmacological action of local anesthetics and to develop a fluorescence spectroscopic method which can detect the microviscosity of native and model membranes using intramolecular excimerization of 1,3-di(l-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py), we examined the effect of lidocaine HCl on the microviscosity of model membranes of phosphatidylcholine fraction extracted from synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMVPC). The excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratio (I'/I) of Py-3-Py in liquid paraffin was a simple linear function of $T/{\eta}.$ Based on this calibration curve, the microviscosity values of the direct probe environment in SPMVPC model membranes ranged from $234.97{\pm}48.85$ cP at $4^{\circ}C$ to %19.21{\pm}1.11$ cP at $45^{\circ}C.$ At $37^{\circ}C,$ a value of $27.25{\pm}0.44$ cP was obtained. The lidocaine HCl decreased the microviscosity of SPMVPC model membranes in a concentration-dependent manner, with a significant decrease in microviscosity value by injecting the local anesthetic even at the concentration of 0.5 mM. These results indicate that the direct environment of Py-3-Py in the SPMVPC model membranes is significantly fluidized by the lidocaine HCl. Also, the present study explicitly shows that an interaction between local anesthetics and membrane lipids is of importance in the molecular mechanism of pharmacological action of lidocaine HCl.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 DNA 올리고뉴클리오타이드(oligonucleotide)를 통한 전하 이동을 기반으로 하는 분자성 전자광학 스위칭 소자를 제시한다. DNA 올리고머(oligomer)가 흡착되어 있는 금전극에 전자들이 주입되어 전극으로부터 DNA 올리고머로 전하가 흘러가게 하고 이 전하의 이동도를 광학적 스위칭으로 확인할 수 있도록 제안되었다. DNA 올리고머의 흡착량이 증가함에 따라 DNA를 통한 전하의 이동성과 전극 표면에서의 전하전달 제한성으로 인해 전리전류는 감소하였다. DNA의 끝단에 합성된 Cy3 형광 분자의 점멸도를 전극 기반의 전하 주입법을 이용하여 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 DNA 올리고머를 이용한 새로운 분자성 전자광학 스위칭 소자에 이용될 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.237-246
• /
• 1993

세포막에서 마취제의 작용점을 규명하기 위하여, 마취제의 많은 부분을 차지하는 n-Alkanol을 이용하여, 소의 synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles(SPMV)에서 n-Alkanol의 침투 정도를 형광 probe를 이용한 형광소광법을 통하여 검색하였다. n-Alkanols는 SPMV 외부 단층(outer monolayer)의 표면에 주로 분포하되 그 탄소수에 비례하여 소수성 부위에 분포되는 양이 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다(1-decanol은 제외). Methanol, Ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentano, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol 및 1-decanil은 SPMV 외부 단층의 표면(친수성 부위)에 분포되는 것에 비하여 각각 949, 416.8, 214.8, 90.3, 53.7, 15.20, 6.80, 2.00, 1.03 및 2.40 배가 된다는 것을 확인하였다. 1-decanol은 $C_{10}$인데도 불구하고 $C_8$인 1-octanol에 비하여 적은 양이 소수성 부위에 침투 분포한다는 것이 확인되었다.