• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2010

Aim of the study: An alternative source of adult stem cells that could be obtained in large quantities, under local anesthesia, with minimal discomfort would be advantageous. Adipose tissue could be processed to obtain a fibroblast-like population of cells or adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs). This study was performed to confirm the availability of ATSCs in bone tissue engineering. Materials amp; Methods: In this study, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell was extracted from the liposuctioned abdominal fat of 24-old human and cultivated, and the stem cell surface markers of CD 105 and SCF-R were confirmed by immunofluorescent staining. The proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and ATSCs were compared, and evaluated the osteogenic differentiation of ATSCs in a specific osteogenic induction medium. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by von Kossa and alkaline phosphatase staining. Expression of osteocyte specific BMP-2, ALP, Cbfa-1, Osteopontin and osteocalcin were confirmed by RT-PCR. With differentiation of ATSCs, calcium concentration was assayed, and osteocalcin was evaluated by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay). The bone formation by 5-week implantation of HA/TCP block loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and ATSCs in the subcutaneous pocket of nude mouse was evaluated by histologic analysis. Results: ATSCs incubated in the osteogenic medium were stained positively for von Kossa and alkaline phosphatase staining. Expression of osteocyte specific genes was also detected. ATSCs could be easily identified through fluorescence microscopy, and bone formation in vivo was confirmed by using ATSC-loaded HA/TCP scaffold. Conclusions: The present results show that ATSCs have an ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and formed bone in vitro and in vivo. So ATSCs may be an ideal source for further experiments on stem cell biology and bone tissue engineering.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2008

Effects of sodium fluoride exposure on the amelogenesis during fetal formation were investigated using 11 days rat incisor of control group and two experimental groups. According to results of morphological analysis using an electron microscope, enamel organ in the rat incisor consisted of presecretory, secretory, and maturation zone, especially maturation zone had ruffle-ended ameloblasts (rAB) that additionally supply inorganic ions and smooth-ended ameloblasts (sAB) that remove water and organic compounds. Such a histological composition was same in fetal and adult rats. According to experimental results using calcein (green fluorescence) in order to reveal the modulation cycle of ameloblast, modulation cycle of experimental group decreased on an average one time than control group, as increase of density of sodium fluoride indicated that thickness of smooth-ended ameloblast decreased. Also ratio of thickness on sagittal total length of sAB increased than rAB in experimental groups than control group. In total length of teeth, an injected 100 ppm sodium fluoride group was similar control group but as injected 200 ppm group became short. In experimental group, thickness of sAB and rAB became narrow to the tip of cutting edge. According to concentration of sodium fluoride grows, the modulation cycle and total length of teeth were decreased, finally it prevented teeth growth.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5391-5397
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• 2012

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB), like most human cancers, is characterized by genomic instability, manifested at the chromosomal level as allelic gain, loss or rearrangement. Genetics methods, as well as conventional and molecular cytogenetics may provide valuable clues for the identification of target loci and successful search for major genes in neuroblastoma. We aimed to investigate AURKA and MYCN gene rearrangements and the chromosomal aberrations (CAs) to determine the prognosis of neuroblastoma. Methods: We performed cytogenetic analysis by G-banding in 25 cases [11 girls (44%) and 14 boys (66%)] and in 25 controls. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with AURKA and MYCN gene probes was also used on interphase nuclei to screen for alterations. Results: Some 18.4% of patient cells exhibited CAs., with a significant difference between patient and control groups in the frequencies (P<0.0001). Some 72% of the cells had structural aberrations, and only 28% had numerical chnages in patients. Structural aberrations consisted of deletions, translocations, breaks and fragility in various chromosomes, 84% and 52% of the patients having deletions and translocations, respectively. Among these expressed CAs, there was a higher frequency at 1q21, 1q32, 2q21, 2q31, 2p24, 4q31, 9q11, 9q22, 13q14, 14q11.2, 14q24, and 15q22 in patients. 32% of the patients had chromosome breaks, most frequently in chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 19 and X. The number of cells with breaks and the genomic damage frequencies were higher in patients (p<0.001). Aneuploidies in chromosomes X, 22, 3, 17 and 18 were most frequently observed. Numerical chromosome abnormalities were distinctive in 10.7% of sex chromosomes. Fragile sites were observed in 16% of our patients. Conclusion: Our data confirmed that there is a close correlation between amplification of the two genes, amplification of MYCN possibly contributing significantly to the oncogenic properties of AURKA. The high frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and amplifications of AURKA and MYCN genes indicate prognostic value in children with neuroblastomas and may point to contributing factors in their development.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.133-139
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• 2016

This study was to evaluate the change of mineral loss of fTCP and CPP-ACP in artificial caries lesions using QLF-D to compare the remineralization effect of recently developed fTCP and CPP-ACP, which is widely used as a remineralization cream in current dental clinics. Bovine specimens used in this study formed the artificial caries lesion immersing in demineralization solution for 10 days and were divided randomly into the following two groups; Group 1- Tooth Mousse containing 10% CPP-ACP, Group 2- Clinpro Tooth Creme containing 950ppm NaF and fTCP. Two tooth paste were applied to the artificial caries lesion of specimens and they were immersed in artificial saliva for 1 week. Mineral loss of artificial caries lesion was evaluated by fluorescence loss (${\Delta}F$) values using QLF-D. QLF-D analysis showed that the ${\Delta}F$ and ${\Delta}Fmax$ value increased 2.65 and 6.63, respectively, in the Tooth Mousse group, and the mineral loss decreased statistically significantly(p<0.05). However, Clinpro Tooth Creme group had no statistically significant difference. ${\Delta}Fmax$ value of Tooth Mousse group was statistically significant difference compared to the Clinpro Tooth Creme. Therefore, the Tooth Mousse containing 10% CPP-ACP is more effective than Clinpro Tooth Creme containing fTCP in the treatment of remineralization of artificial caries lesions.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.181-192
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• 2015

This study aims to examine production technique of twelve white wares from the Gangneung Namyang-ri and Donghae Balhan-dong2(Samun-dong) kiln sites, Kangwon Province and characteristics of the used materials, and to find a correlation among materials of the excavated white wares. X-ray fluorescence sequential spectroscopy(XRF), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Dilatometer and Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), Inductively coupled plasma automic emission spectrometer(ICP-AES) were applied to determine the chemical composition, crystalline phase of samples, firing temperatures, trace elements and rare earth elements. When analyzing body crystalline phases of the white wares using the XRD method, quartz and mullite were extracted from all the samples. Though firing temperature of each sample was different, they were mostly fired at a temperature below $1200^{\circ}C$. Analyzing the excavated white wares using the Seger formula, compositional properties of white wares in Gangneung Namyang-ri kiln showed diffrently from the Donghae Balhan-dong2(Samun-dong) kiln. The body of white wares from Gangneung Namyang-ri kiln have higher raito of $RO_2$ and $RO+R_2O$ than of white wares from Donghae Balhan-dong2(Samun-dong) kiln site. The white wares from Gangneung Namyang-ri kiln and Donghae Balhan-dong2(Samun-dong) kiln were made of host rocks of the different geological origin, according to the result of rare earth elements analysis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2008

We evaluated the response to salt stress of two different ginseng lines, STG3134 and STG3159, which are sensitive and tolerant, respectively, to salt treatment. Plants were exposed to a 5 dS/m salt solution, and chlorophyll fluorescence was measured. STG3134 ginseng was more sensitive than STG3159 to salt stress. To characterize the cellular response to salt stress in the two different lines, changes in protein expression were investigated using a proteomic approach. Total protein was extracted from detached salt-treated leaves of STG3134 and STG3159 ginseng, and then separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(2-DE). Approximately 468 protein spots were detected by 2-DE and Coommassie brilliant blue staining. Twenty-two proteins were found to be reproducibly up- or down-regulated in response to salt stress. Among these proteins, twelve were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-Q-TOF and classified into several functional groups: photosynthesis-related proteins(oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins 1 and 2, rubisco and rubisco activase), detoxification proteins(polyphenol oxidase) and defense proteins($\beta$-1,3-glucanase, ribonuclease-like storage protein, and isoflavone reductase-like protein). The protein levels of ribonuclease-like storage protein, which was highly induced in STG3159 ginseng as compared to STG3134, correlated tightly with mRNA transcript levels, as assessed by reverse-transcription(RT)-PCR. Our results indicate that salinity induces changes in the expression levels of specific proteins in the leaves of ginseng plants. These changes may, in turn, playa role in plant adaptation to saline conditions.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2001

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), an endogenous component of the L-carnitine family, is a naturally existing molecule synthesized from L-carnitine (LC) by carnitine acetyl transferase. ALC has been shown to improve the cognitive performance of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type and proposed for treating Alzheimer's disease in pharmacological doses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioefuivalence of two ALC tablets, $Nicetile^{TM} (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co.) and $L-Cartin^{TM}$ (Kuhn Il Pharmaceutical Co.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The ALC release from the two ALC tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method in various dissolution media (pH 1.2, 6.0 and 6.8). Twenty six normal male volunteers, $24.46\pm3.67$ years in age and $64.45\pm5.54$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2\times2$cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 500 mg of ALC was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ALC in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Because of the presence of endogenous ALC, the calibration was performed using dialyzed serum. The dissolution profiles of the two ALC tablets were similar in all the dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between two tablets were $0.35\%,\;0.93\%\;and\;2.34\%$ respectively, when calculated against the $Nicetile^{TM} tablet. The powers $(1-\beta)\;for\;AUC_t$ , and Cmax were $98.72\%\;and\;85.48\%$, respectively. Minimum detectable differences $(\Delta)\;at\;\alpha=0.05\;and\;1-\beta=0.8$ were less than $20\%,\;(e.g.,\;13.21\%\;and\;18.42\%\;for\;AUC_t,\;and\;C_{max}$ respectively). The $90\%$ confidence intervals were within $\pm20\%\;(e.g.,\;-7.38\sim8.09\;and\;-9.86\sim11.72\;for\;AUC_t,\;and\;C_{max}$, respectively). These two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that $L-Cartin^{TM}$ tablet is bioequivalent to $Nicetile^{TM} tablet.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2011

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mainly contaminated mycotoxins in feeds. The study was carried out to analyze and survey the contamination of DON and ZEN in one hundred thirteen samples of feeds. After cleaning all samples with immunoaffinity column, the mycotoxins were analysed by using high performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence with diode array detector (HPLC/FLD with DAD). The average recoveries of DON were 88.76 and 95.40% at the levels of 200 and 1,000 ${\mu}g/kg$ and 87.09 and 98.40% of ZEN were recovered at the levels of 100 and 500 ${\mu}g/kg$, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) were 6.0 and 3.0 ${\mu}g/kg$ for DON and ZEN, respectively. The average concentrations of DON were 372.1, 324.0 and 990.9 ${\mu}g/kg$ in chicken, pig and cattle feed, respectively. Those of ZEN were 76.1, 43.7 and 196.2 ${\mu}g/kg$ for them, individually.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.627-630
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to investigate neutrophil activation markers among canine ICU (intensive care unit) control, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis. These markers include WBC (white blood cells), platelets counts, blood film examination (neutrophilic band to segmentation ratio and neutrophilic degenerative changes), and flow cytometric analysis (CD11b expression of neutrophils). As a result, the mean CD11b fluorescence intensity of neutrophils and the neutrophilic degenerative change scores were both significantly higher in sepsis group (P<0.05). In addition, mortality was also found to be correlated with the up-regulation of CD11b expression in circulating neutrophils. This study demonstrates that CD11b expression of neutrophils could be more a reliable biomarker to predict prognosis in ICU patients than traditional blood film examination according to this study.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.13
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

The Conservation Science Team of the National Museum of Korea has carried out the conservation on the mandolin-type bronze sword that was excavated from Weolnae-dong, Yeosu as had been requested by the Research Center of Dolmens in Northeast Asia. The mandolin-type bronze sword from Weolnae-dong, Yeosu is accounted to be the longest one among all the bronze swords of the same type that have ever been excavated until now and it was in a treated condition with the primary conservation treatment already achieved. Due to the corrosion in progress, it was in a very brittle condition being in two separate parts of the upper and lower parts. With the upper part exposed and the lower part with earth, they were urgently collected. The Conservation Science Team carried out the conservation treatment on them by connecting the lower part of the mandolin-type bronze sword to the upper part after making the lower part exposed, and then by using an estimated restoration method for lost portions. When carrying out the conservation treatment, the glass fibers of 10 wt% Paraloid B-72 (in Xylene) was used as a method for strengthening the brittle artifact, and a non-destructive analysis was carried out to identify the ingredients using the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.