• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.519-522
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• 2013

Timely diagnosis of hyponatremia is important for preventing potential morbidity and mortality as it is often an indicator of underlying disease. The most common cause of eurvolemic hyponatremia is the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion. Recent studies have demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) $1{\beta}$ and IL-6 are involved in the development of hyponatremia, a condition that is associated with severe inflammation and is related to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. Serum sodium levels in hyponatremia are inversely correlated with the percentage of neutrophils, C-reactive protein, and N-terminal-pro brain type natriuretic peptide. Additionally, elevated levels of serum IL-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$ are found in inflammatory diseases, and their levels are higher in patients with hyponatremia. Because it is significantly correlated with the degree of inflammation in children, hyponatremia could be used as a diagnostic marker of pediatric inflammatory diseases. Based on available evidence, we hypothesize that hyponatremia may be associated with inflammatory diseases in general. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for augmented ADH secretion during inflammation, monitoring patient sodium levels, and selecting the appropriate intravenous fluid treatment are important components that may lower the morbidity and mortality of patients in a critical condition.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2016

Many medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of edema, jaundice, and gonorrhea in traditional Oriental medicine. This screening study was designed to search the positive inotropic effects of herbal extracts in beating rabbit atria. Aquarius extracts of twenty six herbs were examined in atrial mechanical dynamics such as pulse pressure and stroke volume and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), one of the main hormones involved in the regulation of the body fluid and blood pressure homeostasis in perfused beating rabbit atria. Sophora flavescens Ait., Rheum officinale Baill., Acorus gramineus Sol., Chelidonium majus L., Pulsatilla koreana Nakai., Reynoutria japonica Houtt., Euphorbia lathyris L., Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farwell, Poncirus trifoliata Rafin., Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, Kochia scoparia Schrad. significantly increased stroke volume and pulse pressure. However, those herbal extracts were not induced ANP secretion. We clarified the eleven herbal extracts for the positive inotropic effect independent of ANP secretion in beating rabbit atria. Thus these results provide a beneficial data for the treatment of the impairment of body fluid and blood pressure in traditional Oriental medicine.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.280-282
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 농흉 환자의 흉막액에서분리된 Bifidobacterium dentium ATCC 15424균주의 유전체 염기서열을 분석하여 보고한다. 이 균주의 유전체는 구강에서 분리된 다른 B. dentium 균주에 존재하지 않는 type III 및 IV secretion system proteins, N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 그리고 PRTRC system protein E를 암호화하는 유전자 등 247개의 ATCC 15424균주 특이적인 유전자들을 포함한다. 이 유전체의 서열 정보는 B. dentium의 자연적 변이와 세균 종 내의 유전체 다양성을 이해하는 데 유용할 것이다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1997

The pancreas is an important organ in the maintenance of zinc homeostasis. Endogenous zinc is con-tinuously secreted via pancreatic exocrine fluid or to a lesser extent in bile. Much of the endogenous secretion must be reabsorbed to sustain zinc homeostasis. The objective of this study was to estimate the relative size of the pancreatic/biliary zinc pool in comparision to the dietary zinc intake, and to study the effect of the phytate and calcium on the zinc homeostasis using a rat model. At the termination of the experiment, pan-creatic/biliary fluid was collected from the rats. Both radioactivity and total zinc were measured and the relative size of the pancreatic/biliary zinc pool was estimated. To determine the effect of phytate and calcium on zinc homeostsis, dietary zinc intake, the amount of zinc in pancreatic.biliary fluid and fecal zinc excretion were measured. The flow rate of pancreatic/biliary fluid, as corrected for tubing constriction, gives the corrected zinc concentration in the pancreatic/biliary fluid was 2.2 times higher than dietary zinc intake. To maintain zinc homeostasis, zinc absorption/reabsorption was very efficient in the current model; 76%, 88% of absorption/reabsorption for low calcium group and high calcium group 81% for phytate group and non-phytate group, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.430-435
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• 2007

Even though we drink and excrete water without recognition, the amount and the composition of body fluid remain constant everyday. Maintenance of a normal osmolality is under the control of water balance which is regulated by vasopressin despite sodium concentration is the dominant determinant of plasma osmolality. The increased plasma osmolality (hypernatremia) can be normalized by the concentration of urine, which is the other way of gaining free water than drinking water, while the low plasma osmolality (hyponatremia) can be normalized by the dilution of urine which is the only regulated way of free water excretion. On the other hand, volume status depends on the control of sodium balance which is regulated mainly by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, through which volume depletion can be restored by enhancing sodium retention and concomitant water reabsorption. This review focuses on the urine concentration and dilution mechanism mediated by vasopressin and the associated disorders; diabetes insipidus and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.31-31
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• 2003

Cardiac atrium is now well-known as an endocrine organ which secretes atrial natriuretic peptide (AMP), participating in the regulation of body fluid and blood pressure. ANP is released mainly from cardiac muscle cells in response to various physiological and pathological conditions to induce atrial stretch. Ca$\^$2+/ may be one of the most important factors affecting ANP secretion even though controversy still persists. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and moxonidine on atrial hemodynamics and ANP secretion in hypertrophied atria. LPC is an endogenous phospholipid released from cell membrane during ischemia, and moxonidine is a imidazoline 1 (Il) receptor agonoist.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.954-964
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• 1996

배경: 미만성 간질성 폐질환(DILD)들은 처음에 폐포염(alveolitis) 으로 시작해 섬유화로 진행하여 심한 폐기능장애를 초래하는 질병군들로서 병의 종류에 따라 침윤되는 염증세포들의 종류에 차이가 있다. 근래에 염증세포들의 침윤을 유도하는 화학주유물질들(chemokine)이 많이 발견되었는데 이들은 화학구조에 따라 C-X-C형과 C-C형으로 분류되며, 구조만 다를 뿐 아니라 작용하는 세포도 차이가 있기 때문에 주로 분비되는 화학주유물질의 종류에 따라 폐포염의 종류가 결정이될 가능성이 많다. 이에 연구자들은 폐포염과 화학주유물질과의 연관성 및 폐포대식세포 (AM)가 이들 화학주유물질의 주 근원이 되는가를 알아보기 위하여 DILD 환자들에서 cytokine을 분비하여 발병기 전에 주작용을 한다고 알려진 AM 에서의 C-X-C 형 IL-8 과 C-C 형인 MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ 의 분비 및 BAL액내에서의 이들 화학주유물질들의 농도를 폐포염의 양상을 잘 반영한다고 알려진 BAL 액내 세포양상과 비교분석 하였다. 대상및 방법: 대상은 임상소견과 조직검사로 확진된 lPF 환자 10명, 교원성질환과 연관된 폐섬유증 환자 4명, 폐유육종중 10명과 과민성폐장염 환자 2명, 총 26명과 정상 대조군 7명이었고, 이들에서 BAL을 시행하여 그 세포구성의 변화를 관찰하고, AM을 분리배양하여 그 상청액및 BAL액에서 의 IL-8과 MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ 의 농도를 ELISA 방법으로 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 결과: AM 에서의 IL-8 분비는 DILD 환자들에서 $8.15{\pm}4.58$ ng/ml로 정상 대조군 ($1.10{\pm}0.93$ ng/ml)보다 유의하게 (p=0.0003) 증가하였고, AM에서 분비된 IL-8 량은 BAL액내 총세포수와 (r=0.484, p=0.0068), 또 BAL액내 dla파구의 백분률 (r=0.592, p=0.0004)및 임파구의 수효 (r=0.516, p=0.0042), AM의 백분플 (r=-0.505, 0.0032) 과 유의한 상관관계를 보여 주었다. AM에서의 MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ 분비는 DILD환자군에서 ($2.41{\pm}1.45$ ng/ml) 정상인보다 ($0.63{\pm}0.30$ ng/ml, p=0.0031) 유의하게 증가되었으나, MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ 의 분비량은 BAL액내 총세포수와 r=0.368, p=0.0456로 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었고, AM의 수효와 연관이 있는 경향을 (r=0.356, p=0.0579) 보어 주었을 뿐이었다. BAL 액내의 IL-8 농도는 DILD 환자군에서 ($40.4{\pm}34.5$ pg/ml)로 정상인의 $3.90{\pm}2.47$ pg/ml보다 높았고 (p=0.0094), IL-8 농도와 BAL 액내 총 세포수(r=0.484, p=0.0068), AM의 백분율(r=-0.505, p=0.0032), 임파구의 백분율 (r=0.592, p=0.0004) 및 임파구의 수효 (r=0.516, p=0.0042) 와 좋은 상관관계를 나타내어 IL-8 이 폐내 침윤된 염증세포의 종류를 결정하는데 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 시사하였다. 그러나 BAL액내 MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ 의 농도는 정상인과 차이가 없었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 미루어 IL-8과 MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ 모두가 DILD의 발병기전에 작용하나, IL-8 이 폐포염의 양상을 결정하는데 더 중요한 역한을 하는 것으로 추측되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.106-112
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• 1999

The therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase 4(PDE4) inhibitors in inflammatory diseases including some autoimmune diseases has been explored recently with some hopeful results. These PDE4 inhibitors are thought to show their anti-inflammatory effect by down-regulating tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-$\alpha$) production in lymphocytes and macrophages. A high concentration of TNF-$\alpha$has been found in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium and reducing TNF-$\alpha$using biological agents was proven to be an effective RA treatment. To test the possibility of using PDE4 inhibitors for RA treatment, the effects of a newly synthesized PDE4 inhibitor, DWP205505, on TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-10 production was tested in cells isolated from normal peripheral blood and rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid. Cytokine production was assayed at the protein level by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and at the mRNA expression level by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Another PDE4 inhibitor, RP73401, was used for comparison. DWP205505 and RP73401 had no harmful effect on cell viability up to 10 $\mu$M concentration during the 24 h culture period. DWP205505 as well as RP73401 significantly reduced TNF-$\alpha$ secretion from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pBMC) and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMC). The effect of DWP205505 or RP73401 treatment on the mRNA expression of TNF-$\alpha$ was also studied in LPS-stimulated PBMC and SFMC. TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression was increased by LPS stimulation and both of the PDE4 inhibitors suppressed TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression. For interleukin-l0 (IL-l0), a little different results were obtained from PBMC and SFMC; IL-l0 secretion was unaffected by LPS stimulation and only minimally affected by both of the PDE4 inhibitors in PBMC. In unstimulated SFMC, DWP205505 and RP73401 slightly enhanced IL-10 secretion, while they reduced IL-l0 secretion from LPS-stimulated SFMC where IL-l0 secretion was a lot higher than unstimulated SFMC. These results suggest that the newly synthesized PDE4 inhibitor DWP205505 may have anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.521-527
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• 1998

An important property of the intestine is the ability to secrete fluid. The intestinal secretion is regulated by a number of substances including vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), ATP and different inflammatory mediators. One of the most important secretagogues is adenosine during inflammation. However, the controversy concerning the underlying mechanism of adenosine-stimulated $Cl^-$ secretion in intestinal epithelial cells still continues. To investigate the effect of adenosine on $Cl^-$ secretion and its underlying mechanism in the rabbit colon mucosa, we measured short circuit current ($I_{SC}$) under automatic voltage clamp with DVC-1000 in a modified Ussing chamber. Adenosine, when added to the basolateral side of the muocsa, increased $I_{SC}$ in a dose-dependent manner. The adenosine-stimulated $I_{SC}$ response was abolished when $Cl^-$ in the bath solution was replaced completely with gluconate. In addition, the $I_{SC}$ response was inhibited by a basolateral Na-K-Cl cotransporter blocker, bumetanide, and by apical $Cl^-$ channel blockers, dephenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenyl-propylamino)-benzoate (NPPB), glibenclamide. Amiloride, an epithelial $Na^+$ channel blocker, and 4,4-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2-disulphonate (DIDS), a $Ca^{2+}-activated$ $Cl^-$ channel blocker, had no effect. In the mucosa pre-stimulated with forskolin, adenosine did not show any additive effect, whereas carbachol resulted in a synergistic potentiation of the $I_{SC}$ response. The adenosine response was inhibited by 10 ${\mu}M$ H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A. These results suggest that the adenosine-stimulated $I_{SC}$ response is mediated by basolateral to apical $Cl^-$ secretion through a cAMP-dependent $Cl^-$ channel. The rank order of potencies of adenosine receptor agonists was $5'-(N-ethylcarboxamino)adenosine(NECA)＞N^6-(R-phenylisopropyl)adenosine(R-$ PIA)＞2-[p-(2-carbonylethyl)-phenyl-ethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxaminoadenosine(CGS21680). From the above results, it can be concluded that adenosine interacts with the $A_{2b}$ adenosine receptor in the rabbit colon mucosa and a cAMP-dependent signalling mechanism underlies the stimulation of $Cl^-$ secretion.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.399-415
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• 1999

세포내 유리칼슘(free calcium, $Ca^{2+}$)은 세균에서 고등동물에 이르기까지 거의 모든 세포에서 세포 고유작용을 조절하는 중요한 세포내 신호전달체계(signal transduction system)의 매개체이다. 타액선 세포에서 부교감 신경 자극으로 타액분비가 증가될 때에도 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 증가가 가장 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 췌장(pancreas)의 경우 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 이외에도 인접세포를 전기적 화학적으로 연결해주는 gap junction이 외분비 기능을 직접적으로 조절할 가능설이 제시되었다. 타액선 세포에서도 세포막에 고농도의 gap junction이 존재하고 있으며 gap junction을 통해 인접세포들이 전기적, 화학적으로 연계되어 있어 gap junction이 타액선 세포의 기능을 직접적으로 조절할 가능성을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 gap junction이 타액선의 타액분비 작용에도 중요한 역할을 하며 이러한 작용이 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 조절하여 이루어질 것이라는 가정하에 이를 확인하는 실험을 시행하였다. 흰쥐 악하선에서 유리되는 타액양을 측정하기 위해서 악하선으로 혈액을 공급하는 동맥에 가는 관을 삽입하여 생리 식염수를 관류하면서 타액선관을 통해 타액을 채취하였다. 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도는 분리한 악하선 acini 내에 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 변화에 민감하게 반응하는 형광물질인 fura-2를 축적시키고 형광 분석기를 사용하여 형광강도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. CCh 투여로 타액 분비가 증가하였을 때 gap junction을 봉쇄하는 약물인 octanol(1 mM)을 투여하면 타액분비가 봉쇄되었으며 이는 가역적 반응이었다. 2. CCh투여로 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도가 증가하였을 때 1mM octanol을 투여하면 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도가 CCh 투여전의 상태로 감소되었다. 3. Octanol은 CCh에 의하여 유발된 초기 $Ca^{2+}$ 증가를 억제하지는 못한 반면에 후기 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 감소시켰다. 4. 세포막 $Ca^{2+}$ 통로를 열어주는 약물인 thapsigargin($1{\mu}M$)을 투여하여 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 증가시킨 후 1mM octanol을 투여하면 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도가 thapsigargin 투여 전의 상태로 감소하였다. 5. 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone(TBQ)의 투여로 세포막을 통한 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도의 주기적 변동인 $Ca^{2+}$의 oscillation이 유발되었는데, 이때 1mM octanol을 투여한 경우에 $Ca^{2+}$농도의 oscillation이 정지하여 역시 gap junction을 봉쇄하면 TBQ에 의해서 유발된 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도의 주기적 변동이 사라지고 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도의 감소가 나타남을 확인하였다. 6. Gap junction을 봉쇄하는 또 다른 약물인 glycyrrhetinic acid($100{\mu}M$)도 CCh 자극으로 인한 타액분비를 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 gap junction은 흰쥐 악하선 세포로부터의 타액분비 조절에 중요한 역할을 하는데, 이는 gap junction이 세포막 $Ca^{2+}$ 통로를 조절함으로써 수용체 자극으로 유발된 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 변화에 영향을 미친 결과인 것으로 추측된다.