• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2016

본 연구는 스프링클러 헤드 근처에서 형성되는 액막의 자유표면 유동에 대해 CFD 모델을 적용하여 해석하고 스프링클러의 초기분무 특성 예측을 위한 기존 이론식의 결과와 비교를 통해 이론 모델의 타당성을 검토하였다. CFD 해석은 상용 해석프로그램인 CFX 14.0을 이용하였으며 노즐과 디플렉터로 이루어진 단순형상에 대해 표준난류모델과 VOF법을 적용하여 해석을 수행하였다. 평판부의 디플렉터 끝단에서 속도분포는 CFD 해석과 경험식이 매우 잘 일치된 결과를 보였으나 기하학적 형상이 복잡한 부분에서는 속도분포의 차이를 보였다. 이론모델에서 예측된 평균액적크기는 실제 스프링클러 헤드에서 측정된 평균액적크기에 대한 이전 연구결과와 큰 차이를 보였다. 그러나 이론 모델은 스프링클러 헤드의 초기 액적형성과정의 메커니즘을 이해하고 실험적 접근이 용이하지 않은 상황에서 분무 액적의 특성을 예측하는데 유동한 도구로 활용될 수 있다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2011

In general, there are two types of PVT module depending on the existence of the glass in front of PV module: glazed and unglazed. On the other hand, the water-type PVT modules can be classified into two types, according to absorber type: the sheet-and-tube absorber PVT module and the fully wetted absorber PVT module. The aim of this study is to analyze the electrical and thermal performance of a water-type PVT module with fully wetted absorber. For this study, a prototype of unglazed PVT module with fully wetted absorber was designed and built, and both the thermal and electrical performances of the prototype module were measured in outdoor conditions. A conventional mono-crystalline Si PV module was tested alongside the PVT module for their electrical performance comparison. The results showed that the thermal efficiency of the PVT module was average 51% and its electrical efficiency was average 14.3% in mean fluid temperature $10-40^{\circ}C$, whereas the electrical efficiency of the conventional PV module was average 12.6%. It is found that the electrical efficiency of the PVT module was improved by approximately 14% compared to that of the PV module. The temperature of PVT module becomes lower due to the cooling effect by the fluid of the absorber. The results proved that the electrical efficiency was higher when the mean fluid temperature was lower.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2021

Fire sprinkler initial spray was analyzed by Large eddy simulation (LES) and Volume of Fluid (VoF) integrated method. The IsoAdvector geometric VoF was used to identify the liquid-gas interface clearly even with the large Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy number. To reduce the computational costs, sector meshes and Adaptive Mesh Refinement up to level 3 were used. Base mesh size was 1 mm, which is roughly equivalent to the initial sprinkler droplet. Top surface radius of boss and deflector size were modified to investigate the effects of sprinkler head design on primary breakup process. When top surface radius of boss was increased, vertical liquid sheet was formed. This phenomenon reduced the sheet breakup radius, sheet thickness and velocity. Due to reduced liquid sheet thickness, a large amount of ligaments was created from the liquid sheet. As a result, there was a dramatic decrease in volume per surface area, indicating an increase in breakup process. Spray pattern viewed in radial direction also changed when top surface radius of boss increased. When top surface radius of boss was increased, a T-shaped pattern was observed while a V-shaped pattern was observed in all other cases. When the deflector size increases, the spray pattern remains V-shaped, even if the top surface radius of boss increased. Further studies on promoting atomization of the water supplied to the lower part of the sprinkler head in the T-shape pattern should be conducted.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2009

The present work aims to estimate channel, shell, tube and tube sheet stresses of shell and tube oil cooler stemmed from various parameters. These parameters involve size, thickness and dimension of shell and tube oil cooler, including fluid temperature. The main purpose of the present work is to ensure safety of design products and also develop new products rapidly. For stress evaluation of oil coolers, first of all, the maximum pressure on the shell-side and on the tube side is fixed with 3.1MPa and 1.5MPa, respectively. Secondly, the pressure on each side varies from 2MPa to 3.1MPa on the shell side and tram 0.6MPa to 2MPa on the tube side. Various parameters under these conditions are employed to estimate design stresses on each side of oil cooler. These basic information related to stresses will be useful for a designer or manufacturer of an oil cooler.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.548-558
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• 1995

An experimental investigation has been conducted to study the spray and combustion characteristics using the air-assisted twin fluid atomizer. Axial mean and fluctuating velocity components as well as drop-size distributions in non-reaction spray were measured with a nonintrusive phase doppler technique. Droplet number density distributions were also visualized using high speed CCD camera. Locations of spray and flame boundaries are obtained by direct photographic method. It is confirmed that at the fixed fuel flow rate, the increase of the atomizing air flow causes improvements on both spray and combustion characteristics under stable flame conditions. Internal group combustion modes where flame is located inside the spray boundary are observed to exist in the upstream region of higher droplet number density.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1990년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.83-88
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• 1990

The study is concerned with the theoretical and experimental investigation of axisymmetric fluid pressure-drive hydronforming of sheet metal by forming over the die cavity. The rigid-plastic finite element method is employed to calculate the stress and strain distribution The effect of blank size and die radius is also studied in the finite element analysis. Experiments are carried out for hydroforming of cold rolled steel sheets under various process conditions. The computational results are compared with the experimental results for the forming pressure vs. pole displacement relations and strain distributions. Comparison has shown that theoretical predictions by the finite element method are in good agreement with the experimental observations. Thus, it is shown that the rigid-plastic finite element method is effectively used in the analysis of axisymmetric fluid pressure-driven hydroforming process.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 1999

We developed a computer program to simulate the flow field in the presence of electro-magnetic fields. The steady, two-dimensional conservation equations for mass and momentum were solved simultaneously with Maxwell equations for electro-magnetic fields. Using this program, a numerical analysis was carried out to analyze the fluid flow in the continuous casting mold with electromagnetic brake. The effects of magnetic fields size, nozzle angle and EMBR yoke position on the flow fields in the continuous casting were investigated in the present study. The flow fields with EMBR were compared with those without EMBR. We also investigated the distribution of tracer concentration as a function of time in order to calculate their residence time in the mold with EMBR. By controlling the flow fields properly using EMBR, we can prevent the direct flow impaction on the wall which can give a damage on the mold surface and reduce surface defects of stainless steel sheet products.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.3084-3090
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• 1994

A new flow model is developed for the analysis of compression molding of sheet molding compounds(SMC) and penalty finite element formulation is presented to predict flow front progressions more accurately. In this model SMC is assumed nonisothermal fluid, which has different viscosities in extension and in shear. The flow is allowed to slip at the mold and is resisted by friction force which is proportional to the relative velocity at mold surface. For the verification of the model, the press force and flow patterns are compared with those of experiments and available results by other works in this field. It is also demonstrated, using the computational procedure described and the proposed model, that optimal initial charge shapes for the filling can be effectively computed.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2000

The Compression molding process is widely used in the automotive industry to produce parts that are large, thin, light-weight, strong and stiff. Compression molded parts are formed by squeezing a glass fiber reinforced polypropylene sheet, known a glass mat thermoplastic(GMT), between two heated cavity surfaces. In this study, the anisotropic viscosity of the Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites is measured using the parallel plastometer and the composites is treated as an incompressible Newtonian fluid. The effects of molding parameter and fiber contents ratio on longitudinal/transverse viscosity are also discussed.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2022

The current study presents experimental research on a parabolic trough collector with tube and cavity receivers. The primary concentrating parabolic reflector is designed for an aperture area of 2×2 m² with mirror-polished stainless steel sheet reflectors. The cavity receiver consists of a compound parabolic secondary reflector and a copper tube. Both the conventional tube receiver and the cavity receiver tube are coated with black powder. The experiments are carried out to compare the efficiency of the cavity receiver with the tube receiver for fluid temperature rise, thermal efficiency, and overall losses. The experiments showed significantly higher fluid temperature rise and overall efficiency and lower thermal losses for the cavity receiver compared to the tube receiver within the parameters explored in this study.