• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1129-1134
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• 2015

In this article, a study of a flower like nanostructured CdS buffer layer for improving the performance of a submicron-thick $CuIn_{1-x}Ga_xSe_2$ (CIGS) solar cell (SC) is presented. Both its synthesis and properties are discussed in detail. The surface reflectance of the device is dramatically decreased. SCs with flower like nanostructured CdS buffer layers enhance short-circuit current density, fill factor, and open-circuit voltage. These enhancements contribute to an increase in power conversion efficiency of about 55% on average compared to SCs that don't have a flower like nanostructured CdS buffer layer, despite them both having the same CIGS light absorbing layer.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.248-248
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• 2009

Recently, the control of size, morphology and dimensionality in inorganic materials has been rapidly developed into a promising field in materials chemistry. 3D nanostructured flower-like ZnO architecture with different size and shapes have been simply synthesized via a hydrothermal process, using zinc acetate and ammonium hydroxide as reactants.[1] In this study, the Zno thin-films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering in other to get high adhesion and uniformity of 3D nanostructured flower-like ZnO architecture on a $SiO_2$ substrate. The XRD patterns identified that the obtained the nanocrystallized ZnO architecture exhibited a wurtzite structure. SEM images illustrated that the flower-like ZnO bundles consisted of flower-like or chestnut bur, which were characterized by polycrystalline and [0001] preferential orientation.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.884-889
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• 2009

Recently, the control of size, morphology and dimensionality in inorganic materials has been rapidly developed into a promising field in materials chemistry. 3D nanostructured flower-like ZnO architecture with different size and shapes have been simply synthesized by hydrothermal process, using zinc acetate and ammonium hydroxide as reactants. In this study, the ZnO thin-films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering in other to get high adhesion and uniformity of 3D nanostructured flower-like ZnO architecture on a $SiO_2$ substrate. The XRD patterns identified that the obtained the nanocrystallized ZnO architecture exhibited a wurtzite structure. SEM images illustrated that the flower-like ZnO bundles consisted of flower-like or chestnut bur, which were characterized by polycrystalline and (002) preferential orientation.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2019

산화세륨($CeO_2$)는 고체산화물연료전지, 자동차 삼원 촉매, 산소 캐패시터 소재 등의 고온환경에서 구동되는 촉매 응용분야에 널리 활용되고 있으며 중요한 희토류 산화물 중에 하나이다. 고온 환경에서 $CeO_2$의 우수한 촉매 활성을 유지하기 위하여 초기 합성단계에서 높은 비표면적을 갖는 미세구조제어 연구와 나노 미세구조가 고온 열 사이클과 산화-환원 사이클 변화에서 안정하도록 하는 연구가 필요하여 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 탄산염 침전법의 전구체 결정화 단계에서의 이방성을 정밀 제어하여 고 비표면적의 flower-like $CeO_2$를 성공적으로 합성할 수 있었다. 또한, 서로 다른 탄산염이온 침전제의 침전 반응 경로 제어를 통한 침전 수화물 전구체의 이방적 결정 특성으로부터 최종 고 비표면적 $CeO_2$ 산화물의 미세구조 제어와 고온 안정 제어를 확인하고 특성을 평가하였다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2021

The inverse spinel Cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄, CFO) is considered to be a promising alternative to commercial graphite anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, the further development of CFO is limited by its unstable structure during battery cycling and low electrical conductivity. In an effort to address the challenge, we construct three-dimensional hierarchical flower-like CFO nanoclusters (CFO NCs)-decorated carbonized cotton carbon fiber (CFO NCs/CCF) composite. This structure is consisted of microfibers and nanoflower cluster composited of CFO nanoparticle, in which CCF can be used as a long-range conductive matrix, while flower-like CFO NCs can provide abundant active sites, large electrode/electrolyte interface, short lithium ion diffusion path, and alleviated structural stress. As anode materials in LIBs, the flower-like CFO NCs/CCF exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. After 100 cycles at a current density of 0.3 A g^-1, the CFO NCs/CCF delivers a discharge/charge capacity of 1008/990 mAh g^-1. Even at a high current density of 15 A g^-1, it still maintains a charge/discharge capacity of 362/361 mAh g^-1.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2005

This paper aims to propose fashion designs based on the application of art flower technique to translucent clothing material. For study method, firstly I looked into art flower applications occurred in modern trend since 2000 as well as theoretical research on art flower and transparency expressed as artificial beauty. Second, I attempt to express transparency in a variety of unique ways by using the art flower technique in producing clothes. Third, I utilized transparent flower with translucent clothing material and tried to suggest fashion design attempting mixture of new materials. As a result, firstly transparent image and material are well fitted in with modern trend and especially it was very suitable for expressing feminine beauty. Second, transparency was the element to suggest creative formative world in fashion design in regard to flower's beauty, various shapes and colors and to provide infinite materials as design motive. Third, the combination of knit clothing and plastic art flower displayed a new form of material combination. Especially as translucent material is fitted with trend such as function, lightness and variableness in modern times of the $21^{st}$ century, it presents beautiful combination with transparent flower. Fourth, Silk flower technique is variously used in art flower techniques. Various possibility ranges are presented such as flower was recreated with artificial image by silk flower technique to be newly expressed and various materials like aesthete film can be also expressed with silk flower technique.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data of dress design by researching three-dimensional decorative techniques representing flowers, a popular motif in dress design. This study analyzed 44 dresses that were presented in Valentino collection. The result of this study is as follows: First, the detailing expression method can show various patterns and colors through embroidery technique, sub-materials, and bonding techniques in embroidery, beads flower, and ribbon flowers. Second, the fabric flower technique expressed flower image in three-dimension in more various images than do either the ribbon or beads flower technique. Fabric flowers are mostly made from the same material as dresses. The expression technique of fabric flower is classified into the following three classifications: 1) A technique underlying a flower image with one, two and three large flowers, 2) a technique decorating a large area with a number of an identical motif, and 3) a technique highlighting a part of the body or design line by attracting eyes to one point, creating a corsage decorated where a designer wants to emphasize. Third, a silhouette technique realizes a flower image with a silhouette of a dress like sculpted structure and it is thus used less than a detailing expression technique. A flower image is expressed by making use of body lines or emphasizing the face. Finally, flower images on a dress were realized as a full blossomed flower, through visually streamlined shapes and curved lines.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1091-1097
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• 2014

Tageteserecta flower like zinc oxide nanostructures composed of hexagonal nanorods were synthesized via sonochemical method at room temperature. The synthesized nanomaterials exhibited wurtzite hexagonal phase structure with the single crystalline nature. The diameter of the individual nanorods that constitute the flower shaped zinc oxide structures is in the range of 120-160 nm. The sonication time effectively determined the morphological properties of the prepared materials. The catalytic activity of prepared zinc oxide nanostructures towards N-formylation reactions were evaluated without any surface modification and the nanostructures exhibited good reaction yield with the prompt recyclability behavior.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.676-677
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• 2006

Synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods, sheets and flower like structure were done by the sol-gel method using zinc acetate dihydrate and sodium hydroxide at $80^{\circ}C$ with 12 hours refluxing time nanorods, in case of as synthesized powder, with diameter of 20-60nm. Annealing at higher temperature (300 and $500^{\circ}C$,) in air ambient changes the morphology to sheet and flower like structure. The standard peak of zinc oxide was observed in IR at $523cm^{-1}$. The UV-VIS spectroscopy of zinc oxide shows a characteristic peak at 375nm.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2016

Flower-like nickel oxide (NiO) catalysts were coated on NiCrAl alloy foam using a hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, and chemical bonding properties of the NiO catalysts coated on the NiCrAl alloy foam were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. To obtain flower-like morphology of NiO catalysts on the NiCrAl alloy foam, we prepared three different levels of pH of the hydrothermal solution: pH-7.0, pH-10.0, and pH-11.5. The NiO morphology of the pH-7.0 and pH-10.0 samples exhibited a large size plate owing to the slow reaction of the hydroxide ($OH^-$) and nickel ions ($Ni^+$) in lower pH than pH-11.5. Flower-like NiO catalysts (${\sim}4.7{\mu}m-6.6{\mu}m$) were formed owing to the fast reaction of $OH^-$ and $Ni^{2+}$ by increased $OH^-$ concentration at high pH. Thus, the flower-like morphology of NiO catalysts on NiCrAl alloy foam depends strongly on the pH of the hydrothermal solution.