• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.792-802
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to construct the watershed management system with link of the non-point sources model and to estimate delivery ratio duration curves for various pollutants. For the total water pollution load management system, non-point source model should be performed with the study of the characteristic about non-point sources and loadings of non-point source and the allotment of pollutant in each area. In this study, daily flow rates and delivered pollutant loads of Nakdong river basin are simulated with modified TANK model and minimum variance unbiased estimator and SWAT model. Based on the simulation results, flow duration curves, load duration curves, and delivery ratio duration curves have been established. Then GIS analysis is performed to obtain several hydrological geomorphic characteristics such as watershed area, stream length, watershed slope and runoff curve number. As a result, the SWAT simulation results show good agreements in terms of discharge, BOD, TN, TP but for more exact simulation should be kept studying about variables and parameters which are needed for simulation. And as a result of the characteristic discharges, pollutants loading with the runoff and delivery ratios, non-point sources effects were higher than point sources effects in the small-scale test bed of Nakdong river basin.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1235-1244
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to evaluate Flow-Pollutant load delivery ratio equations developed from rural watershed on main subwatersheds within Juam Lake. Two regression equations for BOD and three equations for T-P were evaluated on Bosung cheon, Dongbok cheon, Songgwang cheon, Naenam cheon, and Sinpyeon cheon. The results show that estimation of BOD delivery ratio using flow-delivery equation is reliable when relative composition of discharge load of pollutant sources of a watershed is similar to those of watershed where the equation developed. On the other hand, application of regression equation for T-P was feasible when the landuse pattern and relative composition of discharge load of pollutant sources of a watershed is similar to those of watershed where the equation developed.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.501-508
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• 2008

렌즈나 휴대폰 부품 같은 소형 플라스틱 부품들은 일반적으로 다수 캐비티 사출금형에서 성형된다. 이러한 다수 캐비티 금형에서의 사출성형은 캐비티간의 충전 불균형이 일어날 수 있다. 이러한 충전 불균형 현상은 제품의 치수 및 중량의 편차뿐 아니라 제품의 물리적 특성에도 영향을 미친다. 충전 불균형은 무엇보다도 기하학적으로 균형 잡히지 않은 delivery system의 설계에서 기인된다. 하지만 delivery system이 기하학적으로 균형 있게 설계가 되었다 하더라도 충전 불균형 현상은 여전히 발생된다. 이러한 현상은 런너 단면에서의 온도분포에 기인하며 사출성형 공정 중 사출속도에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 본 연구에서 파악되었다. 즉 충전 불균형은 부적절한 사출 성형 공정에 의해 발생되며 성형 공정 조건 중 사출속도는 충전에 영향을 주는 매우 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 재료와 사출 속도에 따른 충전 불균형 현상을 실험과 CAE을 통하여 관찰하였다. 사출속도 변화에 따른 충전 불균형 때문에 시편의 치수 및 무게가 불균일함을 확인하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.85-87
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• 1999

A simple and rapid method to estimate the viscosity of chitosan using laboratory pipettes was developed. The voscosities of nine different chitosan samples, prepared ini 1 % acetic acid at a 1% concentration , were measured with a standard viscometer. Prior to measurement of flow time of 1% chitosan solution with a pipette, twelve pipettes were assorted into three groups with flow times of 4, 5 and 6 sec after measuring passage of 9 ml of 1% acetic acid througth a 10 ml pipette. With each group of pipettes. flow time of 1% chitosan solution was determined by measuring the delivery time of 5 ml of the 10ml solution through a 10 ml pipette. Results of regression analyses revealed high linear relationship(R2=0.9812, 0.9663, and 0.9754) between viscosities calculated with a viscometer and flow times measured with 4, 5 or 6 sec group pipettes. The viscosity of chitosan could be readily and accurately estimated from these linear regression equation by measuring flow times based on pipette delivery.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 유역모형인 BASINS/HSPF와 연계하여 비점유달부하량을 유황별(갈수기, 저수기, 평수기 등)로 산정하는 방법을 개발하고, 이를 전남지역에 위치한 동복천 유역에 적용하여 그 효용성을 평가하였다. 동복천 유역에 대한 BASINS/HSPF 모형의 보정 검증결과는 유출유량, BOD 및 T-P의 신뢰도지수가 각각 1.59, 1.41, 1.28로서 실측값과 예측값의 유사성은 높게 나타났다. 이와 같이 구축된 BASINS/HSPF 모형을 사용하여 동복천 유역의 갈수기, 저수기, 평수기에 대한 BOD와 T-P 비점유달부하량을 각각 구하면, 연간 일평균 비점배출부하량과 대비하여 0.36과 1.09, 0.82와 2.19, 6.02와 16.90이였다. 이러한 결과는 비점유달부하량을 유황별로 산정하여 서로 다르게 반영할 필요성이 있음을 보여주고 있으며, 이러한 경우에 본 연구에서 개발한 유황별 비점오염유달부하량 산정방법은 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2003

Microfluidic chips such as lab-on-a-chip (LOC) include micro-channels for sample delivery, mixing, reaction, and separation. Pressure driven flow or electro-osmotic flow (EOF) has been usually employed to deliver bio-samples. Having some advantages of easy control, the flow characteristics of EOF in microchannels should be fully understood to effectively control the electro-osmotic pump for bio-sam-pie delivery. In this study, a micro PIV system with an epifluorescence inverted microscope and a cooled CCD was used to measure velocity fields of EOF in a glass microchannel and a PDMS microchannel. The EOF velocity fields were changed with respect to electric charge of seeding particles and microchannel materials used. The EOF has nearly uniform velocity distribution inside the microchannel when pressure gradient effect is negligible. The mean streamwise velocity is nearly proportional to the applied electric field. Glass microchannels give better repeatability in PIV results, compared with PDMS microchannels which are easy to fabricate and more suitable for PIV experiments.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2015

The therapy of injecting a fixed amount of a prescribed drug for a predetermined time is an effective treatment in relieving pain during anticancer treatments. Due to recent medical technology development, cancer is currently classified as a disease that can be managed in the patient's lifetime. If patients were able to use a drug delivery system that was portable, sustainable and had an accurate flow control, they would be able to inject medication whenever they need. In this study we developed a piezoelectric micropump for a drug delivery system by designing a pump chamber, check valve and diaphragm. We also developed a driving circuit that consumes low power and to which we applied a variety of signals. We fabricated a portable drug delivery system with this piezoelectric micropump and driving circuit. In addition, through a performance test, we confirmed that the system can precisely control the drug flow rate.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2008

Water losses in irrigation canals are mainly estimated as the sum of conveyance and delivery water loss. The losses occur via the evaporation, infiltration, gate operation and water distribution processing. Recently, the study regarding these water losses are not satisfactory enough, also delivery water loss has not been mainly considered on field design. The objective of this study is to investigate and analyze the volume of water loss in irrigation canals considering condition of actual farm land. A field measurement was performed at four research sites, which are managed by Korea Rural Community & Agriculture Corporation, to evaluate conveyance and delivery water loss for 2 years. The measurement was performed by canal type, size and designed flow using the inflow-outflow method at a major points such as start and end of each canal, derivation point of canal and inlet of paddy fields. Results of this study showed that water loss ratio in lateral canals was bigger than that of main canal unlike current design standard and the loss decrease as flow increase. The total of water loss ratio including conveyance and delivery water loss in several irrigation canals ranged between 33.25 and 45.0%.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2006

The market of programmable implantable pumps has bound to a monopolistic situation, inducing high device costs, thus making them inaccessible to most patients. Micro-mechanical and medical innovations allow improved performances by reducing the dimensions. This affects the consumption and weight, and, by reducing the number of parts, the cost is also affected. This paper presents the procedure followed to design an innovative implantable drug delivery system. This drug delivery system consists of a low flow pump which shall be implanted in the human body to relieve pain. In comparison to classical known solutions, this pump presents many advantages of high interest in both medical and mechanical terms. The first section of the article describes the specifications which would characterize a perfect delivery system from every points of view. This concerns shape, medication, flow, autonomy, biocompatibility, security and sterilization ability. Afterwards, an overview of existing systems is proposed in a decisional tree. Positive displacement motorized pumps are classified into three main groups: the continuous movement group, the fractioned translation group and the alternative movement group. These systems are described and the different problems which are specific to these mechanisms are presented. Since none of them fully satisfy the specifications, an innovation is justified.. The decisional tree is therefore extended by adding new principles: fractioned refilling and fractioned injection within the fractioned translation movement group, spider guiding system within the alternative translation movement group, rotational bearing guided device and notch hinge guided device in the alternative rotation movement group.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2006

Production loads of the contaminants near the Nakdong-river are, BOD : $1,006ton{\cdot}day^{-1}$, TN : $117ton{\cdot}day^{-1}$, and TP : $21ton{\cdot}day^{-1}$. Among the sources of contamination, the biggest contribution to the production load was shared by the human population, which maintains 40.7% of BOD, 44.2% of TN, and 52.5% of TP production. Similarly, among the sources of discharge load, the human population contributed 45.0% of BOD, 34.5% of TN, and 45.8% of TP. Results of flow investigation in 2001 and 2002 indicate that among the side streams, Nam-river showed the greatest average flow. In case of main stream flow, it was increased in the downstream due to the increase of the influents from the side streams. In case of BOD, COD, TOC and SS, high values were detected at Keumho-river where industrial wastewater was discharged as high level concentration. In case of the main stream, Koryoung point where direct influence of Keumho-river and Seongseo industrial complex is evident showed high BOD, COD and TOC. Oxidized nitrogen compounds and total nitrogen showed similar patterns of BOD, COD, and TOC. Especially, nitrate nitrogen was relatively high at all points. However, in case of Chlorophyll-a, relatively high values were observed at mid- and downstream areas such as Koryoung, Namjee, Soosan, Moolkeum and Hakooeun. This could be caused by the slow flow rate and the abundant nutrient salts attributed by the side streams. Relatively better water quality was observed in 2002 when the flow was relatively abundant than that in 2001. Results of investigation during 2001-2002 showed that delivery load increased as the flow reaches downstream. In 2001, delivery loads at the downstream Soosan-bridge were BOD $22,152ton{\cdot}day^{-1}$, COD $45,467ton{\cdot}day^{-1}$, TN $22,062ton{\cdot}day^{-1}$, TP $926ton{\cdot}day^{-1}$. Delivery loads in 2002 were increased due to the increase of the rainfall. They are BOD $25,876ton{\cdot}day^{-1}$, COD $64,200ton{\cdot}day^{-1}$, TN $41,101ton{\cdot}day^{-1}$, and TP $1,362ton{\cdot}day^{-1}$.