• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.6191-6196
• /
• 2012

Aims and Background: Traditional chemotherapy strategies for human leukemia commonly use drugs based on cytotoxicity to eradicate cancer cells. One predicament is that substantial damage to normal tissues is likely to occur in the course of standard treatments. Obviously, it is urgent to explore therapies that can effectively eliminate malignant cells without affecting normal cells. Our previous studies indicated that ginsenoside $Rg_1$ ($Rg_1$), a major active pharmacological ingredient of ginseng, could delay normal hematopoietic stem cell senescence. However, whether $Rg_1$ can induce cancer cell senescence is still unclear. Methods: In the current study, human leukemia K562 cells were subjected to $Rg_1$ exposure. The optimal drug concentration and duration with K562 cells was obtained by MTT colorimetric test. Effects of $Rg_1$ on cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry and by SA-${\beta}$-Gal staining. Colony-forming ability was measured by colony-assay. Telomere lengths were assessed by Southern blotting and expression of senescence-associated proteins P21, P16 and RB by Western blotting. Ultrastructural morphology changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results: K562 cells demonstrated a maximum proliferation inhibition rate with an $Rg_1$ concentration of $20{\mu}\;mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for 48h, the cells exhibiting dramatic morphological alterations including an enlarged and flat cellular morphology, larger mitochondria and increased number of lysosomes. Senescence associated-${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-Gal) activity was increased. K562 cells also had decreased ability for colony formation, and shortened telomere length as well as reduction of proliferating potential and arrestin $G_2$/M phase after $Rg_1$ interaction. The senescence associated proteins P21, P16 and RB were significantly up-regulated. Conclusion: Ginsenoside $Rg_1$ can induce a state of senescence in human leukemia K562 cells, which is associated with p21-Rb and p16-Rb pathways.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.282-287
• /
• 2013

Slot coating has been widely spread in photo resist coating on glass for flat display monitor. High quality of coating is required as high quality of image in display is needed. Coating quality in the slot coating is divided into nozzle direction quality and machine direction quality. Nozzle direction quality is related to flow uniformity inside the die whereas machine direction quality is related to die lip design and operational conditions. In this study coating uniformity in the machine direction of slot coating has been investigated through computer simulation. Die lip angle and die lip length were considered as outside die geometry and coating speed was considered as operational condition. Coating behavior has been analyzed and coating quality has been evaluated through computer simulation. Coating thickness decreased and coating uniformity increased as coating speed increased. However, the stability of meniscus formation was reduced and subsequently coating stability was reduced as coating speed increased. Coating thickness deviation decreased as die lip angle increased in down stream die. Coating thickness decreased and time to reaching steady state increased as increased die lip length in down stream die.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.137-146
• /
• 2020

Purpose : The enhancement of abdominal muscles increases the activation and contraction of respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm. Generally, diaphragm exercises are applied to increase the breathing ability of patients with respiratory disease. Previous studies have shown that breathing capacity can be increased through abdominal muscle strengthening exercises. However, studies on breathing ability are rare and it is doubtful whether these affect respiratory ability more than diaphragm exercises. Therefore, this study seeks to compare whether abdominal exercises can improve breathing ability and whether any increase is comparable to diaphragm exercises. Methods : After selecting subjects, the place of intervention was separated for blindness. The plank group was allowed to relax for 30 seconds after 30 seconds of planking; this was set at three and increased by one set each week. Subjects in the draw-in group were allowed to relax for 30 seconds after maintaining the draw-in contraction state for 30 seconds and this was done for 15 minutes. Subjects in the control group underwent abdominal dilation for five seconds of inspiration time and expired air for five seconds by exposing the lips; breathing was performed repeatedly for 15 minutes. Subjects in each group measured their respiration function three times before intervention, three weeks after the commencement of intervention and after intervention. Spirovit SP-1 was used to measure respiratory function. In each group, repeated ANOVA was used to compare the respiratory function over time and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the respiratory function between groups. The post hoc was conducted using the LSD method. Results : There was a significant increase in respiratory ability between the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity (FVC) according to the six-week period. However, there was no difference between each group. Conclusion : For patients with low respiratory muscle strength, plank exercises and abdominal draw-in are beneficial exercises for improving respiratory function. These are expected to be widely used in clinical practice for patients with weak respiratory muscles.

• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.23-35
• /
• 2003

An analytical diffusion model for flood routing with backwater effects and lateral flows is developed. The basic diffusion equation is linearized about an average depth of (H + h), and is solved using the boundary conditons which take into account the effects of backwater and lateral flows. Scouring phenomenon around pier which affects on the support function of pier and the stabilization if river bed is a complex problem depending on flow properties and river bed state as well as pier geometry. therefore, there is no uniting theory at present which would enable the designer to estimate, with confidence, the depth of scour at bridge piers. The various methods used in erosion control are collectively called upstream engineering, HEC-RAS Model, underwater blasting. They consist of reforestation, check-dam construction, planting of burned-over areas, contour plowing and regulation of crop and grazing practices. Also included are measures for proper treatment of high embankments and cuts and stabilization of streambanks by planting or by revetment construction. One phase of reforestation that may be applied near a reservoir is planting of vegetation screens. Such screens, planted on the flats adjacent to the normal stream channel at the head of a reservoir, reduce the velocity of silt-laden storm inflows that inundate these areas. This stilling action causes extensive deposition to occur before the silt reaches the main cavity of the reservoir.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.14
• /
• pp.311-336
• /
• 2007

This study examines the concepts of counter-act against the Bio-terrorism and the reaction system in advanced countries, thereby to find out reaction system necessary to Korea. Acts on anti-Bio-terrorism is divided to detection stage, protection stage, diagnosis stage and detoxication and neutralization stage according to flow of event occurrence. As for detection stage, Korea is developing it as contact type, while advanced countries are under development of the devices that may detect the terrorism from the remote distance. It is necessary for Korea to develop the remote-distant detection system as well as the contact type of device that may promptly operate. Among the protection gears, the quality of Korea's gas mask is recognized worldwide, but that of other outfits should be improved by applying the state-of-art science technology. The diagnosis device also should be developed to the extent that the dispatched initial action team may make immediate decisions necessary in the field. As the current trends for detoxication materials worldwide require the improvement to new materials harmless to human body and equipment, Korea is also required to acquire those materials. The technology for neutralization means the development of vaccine and antibiotics and it requires the development made by shared efforts worldwide. For this purpose, it is necessary to further develop Korea's medical technology. In addition, the further efforts are required in terms of reaction manual, training model, public communication efforts and preparation for trauma syndrome.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.117-129
• /
• 1988

Packaged meal manufacturing establishments in Seoul city and Kyungkido province were assessed in terms of the sanitary conditions and practices, time and temperature, and microbiological quality. Sanitary check-lists were developed to evaluate the sanitary condition of sampled packaged meal manufacturing establishments. Microbiological tests on.food containers, equipments, and foods in various phases of product flow were done. The results of the study are summarized as follows; 1) Sanitary condition of kitchen.and sanitary practices of employees in.large and medium establishments were evaluated as the some improvement required in order to meet all standards. But sanitary practices of employees in small establishments were evaluated as the unsatisfactory state with negligence or ignorance of safe practice. 2) The microbiological quality of basic ingredients and food materials after pre-preparation were poor. 3) Time and temperature data indicated that phases of holding ingredients at room temperature after cooking, assembly and packaging before delivery were critical. 4) Microbiological test results for food containers, equipments indicated that sanitary conditions of stainless steel ware, knife, wiping clothes and cutting board should be improved promptly. 5) Critical control points identified were ingredients, pre-preparation, Holding, and assembly and packaging. 6) Guidelines were suggested for effective quality control of packaged meals production.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.57-90
• /
• 2003

The result of Bibliographic studies on the pathological mechanism of the sudden coma, we got the conclusion like this. 1. The sudden coma is an acute syndrome that refers to be a sudden fainting, an unconsciousness, an aphasia or a cold clammy limb, and immediately awakes or dies, and awakes in a short time, and if we awake, it doesn't leave over and above a sequela. 2. The clinical presentation of the sudden coma can be summarized as follows : The 1st is a disease raising the sudden death due to unconsciousness accompanied by wry mouth & sudden syncope with coma. The 2nd is simply the state of cold limbs. The 3rd is the meaning of the physique and symptomes of the six meridians. The last is the ancient method of expression in contrast of the beriberi. 3. The pathological mechanism of the sudden coma consists of the toxoid from outside, Qi and Xie, fatigue, damp phegm, the damage from seven emotions and the damage from five mental elements, especially the mental disorder due to the angry energy, causes the problems when the fleming-up of liver fire and the depressed of liver qi raise the physiological disorder. 4. Therapeutic methods of sudden coma are soothing the liver and remove stasis, soothing depression and circulating of the qi, calming the liver and suppressing yang. When that is early stage, at first, we must checking upward adverse flow of the qi after promoting the circulation of qi and awakening, and then, we must regulate excessive deficiency of yin yang by therapy that is based on differentiated in symptoms according to heat & cold, deficiency & excess, and use invigorating herb medicine for supporting vigour.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2010

The scientific verification of the physiological and psychological effects that result from interaction with green plants would not only provide objective knowledge on the psychological effect of green but would also establish useful grounds for the creation of green spaces that consider human emotions. The present study measured the cerebral activity(cerebral blood flow) and the autonomic nervous system activity (blood pressure, pulse rate, amylase) of fifteen Korean male subjects as they inhaled the natural scent diffused by pine needles. Impression and mood state evaluations of the reactions to the pine scent were carried out using the SD method and POMS. Cerebral activity was observed to be significantly activated in the feeling, judgment, and motor areas of the frontal lobe, as well as the memory area in the temporal lobe. Verbal evaluations by the SD method and POMS indicated a pine scent left natural but stimulated and active impressions, provided vigor, and also reduced confusion. The autonomic nervous system activities, however, showed no significant differences. These findings verified scientifically that a pine scent vitalizes humans both physiologically and psychologically. These results could be useful as fundamental data for the design of green spaces that consider human emotional aspects.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.625-631
• /
• 2014

In this study, according to increase of thermoelectric power plants that use LNG, LNG-FSRU(Floating-Storage and Regasification Unit) appeared and it is installed on the Topside in order to deliver in a gaseous state to consumers who are in the shore. This study about the study on the characteristics analysis of the system depending on changes in performance with the vaporization and temperature of the heat source. For the characteristics analysis of the system, we devided vaporization method into Ethylene glycol water vaporization method and sea water as a heat source. Then the system that can vaporize 200ton per hour of LNG of $-157.9^{\circ}C$ and 10,400kPa was configured, and according to the temperature of supplied sea water, required minimum flow rate value was calculated. Also in case of using Ethylene glycol Water as a vaporization method, providing for regional and seasonal factors such as decrease of temperature of water. The system is configured by adding a steam boiler of $174.5^{\circ}C$, 775kPa as heat source. The generation amount of the steam required according to the performance of the vaporizer compared to the water temperature changes in the steam boiler and the amount of required evaporative performance due to changes in the quantity of steam and Ethylene glycol Water was confirmed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.40 no.12
• /
• pp.1007-1014
• /
• 2007

Recently, existing river improvement methods for flood control purpose have changed into nature friendly river improvement methods and the efforts to improve the river environment including river restoration have been made, and close-to-nature river improvement and nature friendly river restoration are actively conducted all over the country. In the present situation where various revetment methods are used after the introduction of the concept of close-to-nature river improvement, the environmental characteristics of rivers need to be considered to apply more suitable revetment methods. Therefore, as a precedent study for the development of revetment evaluation techniques and methods for close-to-nature river improvement, the present study suggested evaluation techniques using detailed survey items through field survey. Evaluation items of hydraulic stability consist of mode of streamline, stream bed gradient, flow velocity and tractive force ratio and those of environmental efficiency consist of revetment of vegetation, state of river water, land use of the terrace land on the river, vegetation and materials of the terrace land on the river. Each item was graded with the point 1 through 5. Hydraulic stability and environmental efficiency was evaluated by the points which were averaged in each items. As the result of the application of the proposed evaluation technique, it was found that a number of existing revetments excessively focus on hydraulic stability with little consideration about environmental term. It is expected that the proposed technique in the present study can be used as a base for providing guidelines to construct the design and construction of revetments in the future.