• 전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제49권12호
• /
• pp.209-218
• /
• 2012

최근 무어의 법칙을 연장시킬 시스템 집적 기술로서 Field Programmable Stateful Logic Array (FPSLA)가 제안되었다. 본 논문은 FPSLA의 설계 자동화 절차를 확립하고 논리 합성, 동기화, 물리적 매핑, 자동 배치 등의 접근 방법을 최초로 제시한다. 특히, 동기화를 통해 배치를 1차원 문제로 축소한 후 비선형 최적화 기법을 개량한 개략 배치 모델 및 하향식 계층적 2분법을 이용한 배치 적법화 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 또한, 제안된 모델 및 알고리즘을 소프트웨어로 구현하여 ACM/SIGDA 벤치 마크 예제에 적용함으로써 그 유효성을 입증하였다. 이 소프트웨어에는 Fanout 수만큼 출력 상태를 같은 단의 멤리스터성 스위치에 복사해야 하는 FPSLA의 특성을 고려하여 최적화 단계 별로 넷을 하이퍼에지로 통합했다가 다시 에지로 분리하는 기법이 제안되었으며 약 18.4%의 추가적 최적화를 이룩했다. FPSLA의 출력 상태 복사는 논리 단 일부에 셀 밀도가 집중되는 문제를 노출했으며 단위 논리 게이트의 Fanin을 제한하는 기법으로 18.5% 감소 효과를 얻었다. FPSLA의 실용성 확보를 위해서는 우선 논리 합성 시 Fanin의 수가 일부 단에 집중되지 않도록 제약하는 방안을 개발하여야 한다. 또한, FPSLA 패브릭 구조를 이식하기 위해 대칭성이 감소된 나노와이어 크로스바가 형성하는 복잡한 그래프 상에서 수행되어야 하는 자동 배선의 효율성 연구도 필요하다. 이러한 툴 개발은 설계 자동화 자체뿐만 아니라 FPSLA의 패브릭 구조 개선에 필요한 실험에 유용한 평가 도구로서도 큰 역할을 할 것이다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.375-383
• /
• 2006

The physiological responses following stress are different in individual or personality. We performed this study to clarify gender differences in influences of noise stress on physiological factors. 70 healthy subjects, which was divided man (n=30) and woman (n=40) groups, were exposed to 85 decibels of excavator noise for 15 minutes. Cardiac factors such as heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively), and heart rate-systolic pressure product (RPP) were determined. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) was used to measure mean blood flow velocity (Vm), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) in the middle, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries (MCA, ACA and PCA, respectively) before and during noise exposure. Cortisol level and hematological variables were also measured before (baseline) and immediately after the end of noise exposure. In the both groups HR, SBP, and RPP significantly decreased during noise exposure (P<0.05) but not significantly different between two groups (P>0.05). Vms of three cerebral arteries in man group decreased, whereas Vm of PCA in woman group fell during noise exposure (P<0.05). Vm, PI and RI in MCA and ACA during noise exposure were low in man group compared with woman group (P<0.05). Vm of PCA was low, whereas PI and RI of PCA were high in man group compared with woman group during noise exposure (P<0.05). Total leukocyte and red blood cell (RBC) counts slightly decreased during noise exposure but not significant (P>0.05). Levels in hematological variables decreased but not significant changed following noise exposure. Decreased rate of total leukocyte in man group was higher (P<0.05). Cortisol levels in the both groups decreased immediately after the end of noise exposure, while the decreased rate in man group was greater than that in woman group (p<0.05). These findings indicate that a transient exposure to experimental excavator noise may cause decreased changes in cardiac factors, cerebral hemodynamics and cortisol levels and the changes may be greater in men than in women.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
• /
• pp.102-102
• /
• 2001

Taurine (2-ethaneaminosulfonic acid) is one of the major intracellular ${\beta}$ -amino acids in mammals and is required for a number of biological processes including membrane stabilization, osmoregulation, antioxidation, detoxification, modulation of calcium flux and neurornodulation. The taurine transporter (TAUT) which contains 12 hydrophobic membrane-spanning domains has been cloned from dog kidney, rat brain, mouse brain, human thyroid, placenta and retina. In this study, The TAUT cDNA from the human intestinal epithelial cell, HT-29 was cloned and sequenced. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to amplify partial cDNA encoding human intestinal TAUT. The coding region of the PCR product was 732 bp long. The primers were designed to encode highly conserved amino acid sequences near the transmembrane domains III (IPYFIFLF) and Ⅵ (KYKYNSYR) both in human and mouse. The TAUT cDNA amplified was ligated into the pGEX 4T-1 expression vector. The resulting sequence of human intestinal TAUT cDNA (Accession number of NCBI Genebank is AF346763) was identical to the sequences of the TAUTs previously determined in the human placenta and retina except 3 base pairs from that of the reported human thyroid. TAUT specific antibodies were generated to use them as biological tools in the studies of the biological role of TAUT. Peptides of 149-162 amino acid residue (14 amino acids) of the TAUT were synthesized. The synthetic peptide used in this study was LFQSFQKELPWAHC. This region was chosen not only to avoid putative glycosylation sites but also to exclude regions of known homology with GABA transporters in the extracellular hydrophilic domains. The synthetic peptide, TAUT-1 was conjugated with carrier protein, kehole lympet hemocyanin (KLH) to use as an antigen. When used for immunization on a rabbit to produce polyclonal antiserum, the conjugates elicited high -titered specific anti-TAUT-1 antibodies, which reacted well with the ovalbumin (OVA) conjugated peptides in ELISA. The KLH-conjugated peptide was also used as immunizing antigen in BALB/c mice to produce TAUT specific monoclonal antibodies. From the culture supernatant of the hybridoma, the specificity of anti-TAUT-1 monoclonal antibodies was confirmed by ELISA. Further applications of more tools in TAUT expression analysis will be performed such as western blotting and flow cytometry.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제19권10호
• /
• pp.1410-1416
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 탁수가 어류에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 임하호 유입지천인 탁수수계(영양군 화매천)와 비탁수수계(청송군 신흥천)의 수질, 토양성분 및 어류의 조직 생리적 변화를 조사하였다. 임하호 유입지천의 수질은 탁수수계에서 pH, DO, SS 및 탁도가 높았으며, 토양성분은 vermiculite (V), illite (I)와 같은 점토광물이 높은 것으로 보아 점토광물이 강우시 쉽게 유출되어 탁수에 영향을 줄 것으로 생각된다. 탁수수계에 서식하는 어류는 이차새변의 간격이 일정하지 않고, 상피세포의 분리와 부종 및 곤봉 형태가 관찰되었다. 또한 아가미 표면이 매끄럽지 못하며 다량의 이물질이 존재하였고, 신장 조직에서는 보우먼주머니 안의 사구체 크기가 수축되어 보우만 공간이 넓은 형태를 나타냈다. 이러한 조직학적 변화가 장기간 지속될 경우 어류의 2차 병변의 원인이 될 수 있으며, 더 나아가 어류의 건강상에 영향을 줄 것으로 사료된다. 항산화효소의 활성은 탁수수계에서 높은 활성을 보이며, GR은 항산화효소의 활성중 가장 낮은 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 탁수수계의 근육과 신장조직에서는 SOD, CAT, GPX, GST가 비탁수수계 보다 높은 활성을 보였다. 이는 활성산소가 많이 발생하는 탁수수계의 어류 체내에서는 유해한 라디칼을 제거하기 위해 항산화효소의 활성이 증가한 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권17호
• /
• pp.7917-7922
• /
• 2015

DNA ploidy is an important prognostic parameter in paediatric B-ALL, but the significance of the S-phase fraction is unclear. In present study, DNA ploidy was assessed in 40 pediatric B-ALL cases by flow cytometry. The DI (DNA index) and percentage of cells in S-phase were calculated using Modfit software. Aneuploidy was noted in 26/40 (65%) cases. A DI of 1.10-1.6 (hyperdiploidy B) was noted in 20/40 (50%) and 6/40 (15%) had a DI>1.60 (triploid and tetraploid range). Some 14/40 (35%) cases had a diploid DI between 0.90-1.05. None of the cases had a DI <0.90 (hypodiploid) or in the 1.06-1.09 (hyperdiploid A) range. The mean S-phase fraction was 2.6%, with 24/40 (60%) having low and 16/40 (40%) high S-phase fractions. No correlation was noted with standard ALL risk and treatment response factors with DI values or S-phase data, except for a positive correlation of low S-phase with high NCI risk category (p=0.032). Overall frequency of hyperdiploidy in our cohort of B-ALL patients was very high (65%). No correlation between hyperdiploidy B and low TLC or common B-phenotype was observed in our study as 42% cases with DI 1.10-1.6 had TLC> $50{\times}10^9$ and 57.1% CD 10 negativity. The study also highlighted that S-phase fraction analysis does not add any prognostic information and is not a useful parameter for assessment in ALL cases. However, larger studies with long term outcome analysis are needed to derive definitive conclusions.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 2018

Background: BIOGF1K, a compound-K-rich fraction, has been shown to display anti-inflammatory activity. Although Panax ginseng is widely used for the prevention of photoaging events induced by UVB irradiation, the effect of BIOGF1K on photoaging has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated the effects of BIOGF1K on UVB-induced photoaging events. Methods: We analyzed the ability of BIOGF1K to prevent UVB-induced apoptosis, enhance matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, upregulate anti-inflammatory activity, reduce sirtuin 1 expression, and melanin production using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, melanin content assay, tyrosinase assay, and flow cytometry. We also evaluated the effects of BIOGF1K on the activator protein-1 signaling pathway, which plays an important role in photoaging, by immunoblot analysis and luciferase reporter gene assays. Results: Treatment of UVB-irradiated NIH3T3 fibroblasts with BIOGF1K prevented UVB-induced cell death, inhibited apoptosis, suppressed morphological changes, reduced melanin secretion, restored the levels of type I procollagen and sirtuin 1, and prevented mRNA upregulation of MMP-1, MMP-2, and cyclo-oxygenase-2; these effects all occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, BIOGF1K markedly reduced activator-protein-1-mediated luciferase activity and decreased the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular response kinase, p38, and C-Jun N-terminal kinase). Conclusion: Our results strongly suggest that BIOGF1K has anti-photoaging activity and that BIOGF1K could be used in anti-aging cosmeceutical preparations.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.198-205
• /
• 2017

Background: There are a million ragpickers in India who gather and trade recyclable municipal solid wastes materials for a living. The objective of this study was to examine whether their occupation adversely affects their immunity. Methods: Seventy-four women ragpickers (median age, 30 years) and 65 age-matched control housemaids were enrolled. Flow cytometry was used to measure leukocyte subsets, and leukocyte expressions of $Fc{\gamma}$ receptor I (CD64), $Fc{\gamma}RIII$ (CD16), complement receptor 1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b/CD18), and CD14. Serum total immunoglobulin-E was estimated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Compared with the controls, ragpickers had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher levels of CD8-T-cytotoxic, CD16+CD56+natural killer, and CD4+CD45RO+memory T-cells, but depleted levels of CD19+B-cells. The percentage of CD4+T-helper-cells was lower than the control group (p < 0.0001), but their absolute number was relatively unchanged (p = 0.42) due to 11% higher lymphocyte counts in ragpickers. In ragpickers, the percentages of CD14+CD16+intermediate and CD14dim CD16+nonclassical monocyte subsets were elevated with a decline in CD14+CD16-classical monocytes. The expressions of CD64, CD16, CD35, and CD11b/CD18 on both monocytes and neutrophils, and CD14 on monocytes were significantly higher in ragpickers. In addition, ragpickers had 2.7-times more serum immunoglobulin-E than the controls (p < 0.0001). After controlling potential confounders, the profession of ragpicking was positively associated with the changes. Conclusion: Ragpicking is associated with alterations in both innate (neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cell numbers and expression of complement and $Fc{\gamma}$ receptors) and adaptive immunity (numbers of circulating B cells, helper, cytotoxic, and memory T cells).

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2006

Doxorubicin (DXR) is a type of anti-cancer drug called an 'anthracycline glycoside', It works by impairing DNA synthesis, a crucial feature of cell division, and thus is able to target rapidly dividing cells. Doxorubicin is a very serious anti-cancer medication with definite potential to do great harm as well as great good. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to identify and quantify DXR in small-volume biological samples. After the addition of internal standard (IS, $5{\mu}L\;of\;1{\mu}M/ml$ daunorubicin methanol solution) into the serum sample, the drug and IS were extracted by methanol. Following vortex for a 1min and centrifugation at 15,000g for 10 min the organic phase was transferred and evaporated under a vacuum. The residue was reconstituted with $350{\mu}L$ of mobile phase and $10{\mu}L$ was injected into C18 column with mobile phase composed of 0.05M ammonium acetate (0.1 M acetic acid adjusted to pH 3.5) and acetonitrile (40:60, v/v). The flow rate was kept constant at $350{\mu}L/min$. The ions were quantified in the multiple reaction mode (MRM), using positive ions, on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The lower limits of quantification for Doxorubicin in plasma and small tissues were approximately 0.5 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL respectively. Intra- and inter-assay accuracy (% of nominal concentration) and precision (% CV) for all analytes were within 15%, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권8호
• /
• pp.3471-3476
• /
• 2014

Background: Aberrant expression of the microRNA-29 family is associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. As transport carriers, tumor-derived exosomes are released into the extracellular space and regulate multiple functions of target cells. Thus, we assessed the possibility that exosomes could transport microRNA-29c as a carrier and correlations between microRNA-29c and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 cancer and adjacent tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry to detect BCL-2 and MCL-1 expression. Disease was Ta-T1 in 12 patients, T2-T4 in 16, grade 1 in 8, 2 in 8 and 3 in 12. The expression of microRNA-29c in cancer tissues was detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (QRT-PCR). An adenovirus containing microRNA-29c was used to infect the BIU-87 human bladder cancer cell line. MicroRNA-29c in exosomes was measured by QRT-PCR. After BIU-87 cells were induced by exosomes-derived microRNA-29c, QRT-PCR was used to detect the level of microRNA-29c. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and BCL-2 and MCL-1 mRNA expressions were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression of BCL-2 and MCL-1. Results: The expressions of BCL-2 and MCL-1 protein were remarkably increased in bladder carcinoma (p<0.05), but was found mainly in the basal and suprabasal layers in adjacent tissues. The expression of microRNA-29c in cancer tissues was negatively correlated with the BCL-2 and MCL-1. The expression level of microRNA-29c in exosomes and BIU-87 cells from the experiment group was higher than that in control groups (p<0.05). Exosome-derived microRNA-29c induced apoptosis (p<0.01). Although only BCL-2 was reduced at the mRNA level, both BCL-2 and MCL-1 were reduced at the protein level. Conclusions: Human bladder cancer cells infected by microRNA-29c adenovirus can transport microRNA-29c via exosomes. Moreover, exosome-derived microRNA29c induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cells by down-regulating BCL-2 and MCL-1.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제57권1호
• /
• pp.50-53
• /
• 2014

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) occurs in the primary form (genetic or familial) or secondary form (acquired). The familial form of HLH (FHL) is a potentially fatal autosomal recessive disorder that occurs because of constitutional defects in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Here, we report a fatal neonatal case of type 2 FHL (FHL2) that involved a novel frameshift mutation. Clinically, the newborn presented with severe sepsis-like features and required mechanical ventilation and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. Flow cytometry analysis showed marked HLH and complete absence of intracytoplasmic perforin expression in cytotoxic cells; therefore, we performed molecular genetic analyses for PRF1 mutations, which showed that the patient had a compound heterozygous mutation in PRF1, that is, c.65delC ($p.Pro22Argfs^*2$) and c.1090_1091delCT ($p.Leu364Glufs^*93$). Clinical and genetic assessments for FHL are required for neonates with refractory fever and progressive multiple organ failure, particularly when there is no evidence of microbiological or metabolic cause.